EARLINET Observations of Saharan Dust Outbreaks over Europe

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1 EARLINET Observations of Saharan Dust Outbreaks over Europe Ulla Wandinger Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany with contributions from the TROPOS Ground Based Remote Sensing Group and the ACTRIS/EARLINET Consortium

2 EARLINET European Aerosol Research Lidar Network Integrated in ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds and Trace-gases Research InfraStructure Network) since 2011 EARLINET: currently active stations (Pappalardo et al. AMTD 2014) Continental-scale lidar network Long-term, regular observations since 2000 Raman/multiwavelength/ polarization lidar instrument QA program for instruments and algorithms Climatological observations (3 times a week) Special cases based on alert system (Saharan dust, forestfire smoke, volcanic aerosol ) Correlative observations during CALIPSO overpasses

3 EARLINET and Saharan dust EARLINET is an optimal observation tool for Saharan dust events dust profiling, capability of 4d observations high-performance lidar stations (multiwavelength, Raman, depolarization) continental-scale coverage to study transport and modification processes high number of stations in Southern Europe, from Portugal to Cyprus a suitable observing methodology has been established within the network - alert system based on operational outputs of DREAM (Dust REgional Atmospheric Model, BSC) and the Skiron (University of Athens) models - warnings h in advance use of air-mass back-trajectory analysis (DWD/GME Model, NOAA HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) satellite data analysis (EP/TOMS AI, SeaWiFS AOT, NOAA/AVHRR AOT, MODIS AOT, CALIPSO) Validation of model output and satellite products

4 Major Saharan dust outbreak, May 2008 DREAM Forecast CALIPSO overpasses Pappalardo et al. JGR 2010

5 Major Saharan dust outbreak, May 2008 North-south and day-to-day variability of the dust load in terms of backscatter coefficient Pappalardo et al. JGR 2010

6 Major Saharan dust outbreak, May 2008 L2 product comparison: 28 May, night Attenuated Backscatter Vertical Feature Mask Aerosol Clouds

7 Major Saharan dust outbreak, May 2008 L2 product comparison: 30 May, day Misclassification of Saharan dust as low ice cloud north of 50 N

8 Major Saharan dust outbreak, May 2008 Optical data products: Leipzig, 27 May 2008 Backsc. Extinc. Lidar rat. Angstr. Depol. Dust layer Layer-mean values 0.9±0.2 Mm -1 sr ±0.2 Mm -1 sr -1 47±5 Mm -1 54±6 sr 1.1±0.3 Mm -1 sr -1 50±6 Mm -1 46±3 sr 0.09± ± ±0.10 Statistics of many layers from many stations Pappalardo et al. JGR 2010

9 Systematic dust observations over Europe Number of events ( ) Courtesy of Lucia Mona, based on Papayannis et al. JGR 2008

10 Systematic dust observations over Europe AOD at 355 nm inside the dust lofted layers ( ) Courtesy of Lucia Mona, based on Papayannis et al. JGR 2008

11 Systematic dust observations over Europe Lidar ratio at 355 nm inside the dust lofted layers ( ) Courtesy of Lucia Mona, based on Papayannis et al. JGR 2008

12 Model evaluation: BSC DREAM8b at Potenza station Geometrical features of dust layer are well described by the model in terms of center of mass. Good correlation between optical properties and concentration profiles apart from cases with low dust amount (AOD < 0.1) On average we found an underestimation in the model extinction profiles. Difference in extinction higher when convection processes are enhanced. Mixing processes are likely to be the main source of the observed differences. Courtesy of Lucia Mona

13 EARLINET database Database of extinction and backscatter profiles in a standardized NetCDF format (CF compliant dataformat) Organized in 10 categories (climatology, saharan dust, volcanic, forest fires, calipso, etc.) Data availability: internal (first year from data acquisition) external (freely available from and ACTRIS data portal) DOI database with quality-checked files in publication Number of files Number of files All Climatol Calipso Saharan Volcanic DiurnalCycle Cirrus Others Category Year Pappalardo et al. AMTD 2014

14 EARLINET database

15 EARLINET data at WDCC

16 LIVAS: Combining EARLINET and CALIPSO LIdar Climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for Space-Based Lidar Simulation Studies LIVAS provides a global and extensive aerosol and cloud optical database, to be used for current and future lidar end to end simulations of realistic atmospheric scenarios as well as retrieval algorithm testing activities. The climatology aims to address the wavelength dependency of aerosol optical properties for the laser operating wavelengths of 355, 532, 1064, 1570 and 2050 nm. The database is delivered under a portal with specific web graphical user interface.

17 LIVAS datasets and models Datasets/Models Purpose CALIPSO Backscatter and and 1064nm + EARLINET AERONET + OPAC MIE scattering models Backscatter and extinction related conversion factor (CF) and lidar ratio (LR) for UV/VIS Typical size distributions and refractive indexes for MIE scattering simulations Mie scattering models (T-matrix non-spherical approximations) for IR ** Optical properties and conversion factors will be calculated for typical aerosol types, based on the classification of CALIPSO In particular regarding dust, the EARLINET lidar ratio is used to convert CALIPSO backscatter to extinction/optical depth Amiridis et al. ACP 2013

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19 References Amiridis, V., Wandinger, U., Marinou, E., Giannakaki, E., Tsekeri, A., Basart, S., Kazadzis, S., Gkikas, A., Taylor, M., Baldasano, J., Ansmann A Optimizing CALIPSO Saharan dust retrievals. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, , doi: /acp Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A. P., Comerón, A., Eixmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., Ginoux, P., Komguem, L., Linné, H., Márquez, M. Á. L., Manoj, S., Matthias, V., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Pelon, J., Sauvage, L., Sobolewsky, P., Stohl, A., Torres, O., Vaughan, G., Wandinger, U., Wiegner, M Long-range transport of Saharan dust to northern Europe: The October 2001 outbreak observed with EARLINET. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4783, 2003JD Müller, D., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Dubovik, O., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A Saharan dust over a Central European EARLINET-AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4345, 2002JD Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A., de Tomasi, F., Grigorov, I., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Pérez, C., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Trickl, T., Wiegner, M., Gerding, M., Mamouri, R. E., D'Amico, G., Pappalardo, G Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET ( ). J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10204, 2007JD Pappalardo, G., Wandinger, U., Mona, L., Hiebsch, A., Mattis, I., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Linné, H., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Chaikovsky, A., D Amico, G., De Tomasi, F., Freudenthaler, V., Giannakaki, E., Giunta, A., Grigorov, I., Iarlori, M., Madonna, F., Mamouri, R.-E., Nasti, L., Papayannis, A., Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Rizi, V., Rocadenbosch, F., Russo, F., Schnell, F., Spinelli, N., Wang, X., Wiegner, M EARLINET correlative measurements for CALIPSO: First intercomparison results. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H19, doi: /2009jd Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Linné, H., Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., D Amico, G., Mattis, I., Mona, L., Wandinger, U., Amiridis, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., Wiegner, M EARLINET: Towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network, submitted to AMTD