PROTOPLASMATOLOGIA HANDBUCH DER PROTOPLASMAFORSCHUNG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON MITHERAUSGEBER
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1 PROTOPLASMATOLOGIA HANDBUCH DER PROTOPLASMAFORSCHUNG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON L. V. HEILBR UNN UND F. WEBER PHILADELPHIA GRAZ MITHERAUSGEBER W. H. ARISZ-GRONINGEN. H. BAUER-WILHELMSHAVEN. J. BRACHET BRUXELLES. H. G. CALLAN-ST. ANDREWS. R. COLLANDER-HELSINKI. K. DAN-TOKYO E. FAURE-FREMIET-PARIS. A.FREY-WYSSLING-ZURICH L. GEITLER-WIEN. K. HbFLER-WIEN. M. H. JACOBS PHILADELPHIA. D. MAZIA-BERKELEY. A. MONROY-PALERMO. J. RUNNSTRbM-STOCKHOLM ' W. J. SCHMIDT - GIESSEN. S. STRUGGER - MUNSTER BAND VIII PHYSIOLOGIE DES PROTOPLASMAS 3 MOTILITAT a PROTOPLASMIC STREAMING WIEN SPRINGER -VERLAG 1959
2 PROTOPLASMIC STREAMING BY NOBURO KAMIYA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, OSAKA UNIVERSITY WITH 82 FIGURES WIEN SPR IN GER -VERLAG 1959
3 ALLE RECHTE, INSBESONDERE DAS DER UBERSETZUNG [N FREMDE SPRACHEN, VORBEHALTEN. OHNE AUSDRUCKLlCHE GENEHMIGUNG DES VERLAGES 1ST ES AUCH NICHT GESTATTET, DlESES BUCH ODER TEILE DARAUS AUF PHOTOMECHANISCHEM WEGE (PHOTOKOPIE, MIKROKOPIE) ZU VERVIELFALTIGEN. BY SPRINGER VERLAG IN VIENNA 1959.,softeover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1959 ls13n ~)7H-a-211-H ls13n 97H-: a (cbook) DOl !J7H-:J-70!Jl-i17i10-:J
4 Proto plasm atologi a VIII. Physiologie des Protoplasmas 3. Motilitiit a) Protoplasmic Streaming Protoplasmic Streaming By NOBURO KAMIYA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka University With 82 Figures Contents 1. Introduction 4 II. Types of Streaming 5 1. General survey 5 a) Agitation. 6 b) Circulation. 7 c) Rotation 8 d) Fountain streaming 10 e) Protoplasmic streaming occurring along definite tracks 10 f) Protoplasmic streaming in fungal hyphae (tidal streaming) 11 g) Protoplasmic streaming in myxomycete plasmodia (shuttle streaming) Change in streaming type a) Transition of streaming patterns in intact cells 14 b) Development of order in an isolated drop of protoplasm 16 III. Rate and Intensity Intracellular velocity distribution a) Rhizoid cell of Nitella b) Leaf cell of Nitella c) Plasmodial strand 2. Rate.... a) Methods of measurement 22 b) Size of particles and its relation to their rate of movement 25 c) Length of the cell and its bearing to the rate of flow d) Spontaneous changes in the rate of flow in myxomycetc plasmodium e) Rate of protoplasmic streaming in various materials Course and direction of rotational streaming Transport-volume and intensity of flow 34 a) Flow intensity in Nitella cells b) Intensity of intracapillary streaming in the myxomycete pi asmodium 35 Protolllasmatologia VIII, 3 a Page
5 2 VITI, 3 a: N. KAMIYA, Protoplasmic Streaming IV. Motive Force Responsible for the Protoplasmic Streaming Motive force of the rotational streaming 38 a) Principle of measurement b) Experimental data Motive force of the protoplasmic streaming in myxomycete plasmodium..., 40 a) Outline of the double-chamber method b) The curve representing autonomous changes in the motive force -"dynamoplasmogram (DPG)" c) Polarity of the motive force d) General characteristics of the dynamoplasmogram of the plasmodium e) Simultaneous measurement of the motive force and the potential difference f) Simultaneous measurement of the motive force and respiration 49 V. Rhythmicity Rhythm of motive force generation in the plasmodium a) Analysis of dynamoplasmogram b) Polyrhythmicity of motive force generation in the plasmodium -concept of intraplasmic interference c) Approaches to the study of the causes of rhythmic flow Rhythmicity of the protoplasmic motion in plant cells 61 a) Bacillaria 61 ~~~ ~ c) Spirogyra 62 d) Nitella. 62 VI. Energetics of Protoplasmic Streaming Oxygen tension Metabolic inhibitors. 67 a) Cyanide b) Carbon monoxide 69 c) 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) 69 d) Monoiodoacetate (MIA) and fluoride The role of ATP in the protoplasmic flow 74 a) ATP as the energy source for the motive force production in the myxomycete plasmodium b) Effect of ATP on the protoplasmic streaming in plant cells Availability of ATP VII. Influences of External Factors Temperature a) Relation between temperature and rate of streaming 81 b) Factors participating in the effect of temperature on the streaming rate c) The effect of temperature on the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming d) Supraoptimal temperature. 87 e) Sudden change in temperature Light Ultraviolet rays and other radiations Osmotic pressure ~4 5. Plasmolysis 96
6 Contents 3 6. Hydrostatic pressure Mechanical pressure Gravity Centrifugal force Electric current ActiOon current Magnetic field Hydrogen ions Carbon dioxide Salts Auxins Fat solvents Miscellaneous substances 126 VIII. Biology and Function of Protoplasmic Streaming Inducement of protoplasmic streaming 129 a) Chemodinesis b) Photodinesis Transport of substances Locomotion Correlation with some physiological activities and seasonal variations 137 IX. Experimental Approaches to the Mechanism of Protoplasmic Streaming Seat of the motive force in rotational streaming a) Deduction from the velocity distribution b) Additional evidences showing the participation of cortical layer in rotation Streaming caused passively by difference in internal pressure Protoplasmic motion in an isolated protoplasmic fragment 144 a) Effusion of endoplasm b) Protoplasmic motion in an endoplasmic drop c) Sliding motion of protuberances at the protoplasmic surface Moving fibrils in protoplasm , The phenomenon of shifting occurring in the plasmagel Causal relation between potential difference and the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming The mechanochemical system of the protoplasmic streaming 160 a) Properties of myosin B in the myxomycete plasmodium 160 b) Properties of the glycerinated cell 163 X. Theories Rotational streaming a) Action of endoplasm-vacuole interface 164 b) Action of cell surface c) Inherent property of streaming protoplasm 165 d) Action of sol-gel interface Streaming in trans vacuolar protoplasmic strand Streaming in myxomycete plasmodium Independent motion of prootooplasmic particles 1?1 XI. COoncluding Remarks 173 Acknowledgements 175 BibliOography 175 Aut h 00 r I n d e x 190 Subject Index 1~ 1*
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