Resolving Enceladus Plume Production Along the Fractures. Ben Southworth, Sascha Kempf 13 Aug., 2017
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1 Resolving Enceladus Plume Production Along the Fractures Ben Southworth, Sascha Kempf 13 Aug., 217
2 New results
3 New results (not 5kg/s)
4 New results (not 5kg/s) More large particles
5 New results (not 5kg/s) More large particles Temporal variability
6 New results (not 5kg/s) More large particles Temporal variability More questions than answers
7 Outline Plumes - what, where and why? Resolving mass production Implications on particle distributions and tilted jets
8 Outline Plumes - what, where and why? Resolving mass production Implications on particle distributions and tilted jets
9
10 W 9 W Alexandria Damascus Cairo Baghdad 27 W 18 W
11 CH4 and N2 fraction in plume gas High Old Faithful Cold Faithful Plume Which Type? one? Frigid Faithful Frigid Faithful Deep Source Deep Source Ice plume stratification Strong
12 CH4 and N2 fraction in plume gas High Old Faithful Cold Faithful Plume Which Type? one? Frigid Faithful Frigid Faithful Deep Source Deep Source Ice plume stratification Strong
13 Plume Model Deep source particle speed distribution taken from Schmidt et al. (28): p(v r) r=.1um r=.2um r=.6um r=1um r=3um Velocity (km/s).5.6.7
14 Plume Model Deep source particle speed distribution taken from Schmidt et al. (28): p(v r) r=.1um r=.2um r=.6um r=1um r=3um Velocity (km/s).5.6.7
15 Plume Model Deep source particle speed distribution taken from Schmidt et al. (28): Size distribution follows power law with slope α
16 Plume Model Deep source particle speed distribution taken from Schmidt et al. (28): Size distribution follows power law with slope α Assume particles ejected azimuthally uniform
17 Plume Model Deep source particle speed distribution taken from Schmidt et al. (28): Size distribution follows power law with slope α Assume particles ejected azimuthally uniform Assume polar ejection angle follows cos 2 - distribution
18 Equations of motion Accounts for planet s gravity and second moment, moon s gravity, and particle charging.
19 Equations of motion Accounts for planet s gravity and second moment, moon s gravity, and particle charging. > Simulate millions of particles
20 Equations of motion Accounts for planet s gravity and second moment, moon s gravity, and particle charging. > Simulate millions of particles Create quasi-steady state model of plume
21 Equations of motion Accounts for planet s gravity and second moment, moon s gravity, and particle charging. > Simulate millions of particles Create quasi-steady state model of plume Create impact rate profile on surface of moon
22 Outline Plumes - what, where and why? Resolving mass production Implications on particle distributions and tilted jets
23 Two low-altitude flybys E7 W E21 W C/A 2s C/A 1s C/A 1s 9 W C/A 27 W 9 W C/A 27 W Damascus Damascus C/A+2s C/A+1s Alexandria Cairo Baghdad C/A+1s Alexandria Cairo Baghdad 18 W C/A+2s 18 W Number Density of Grains >1.7µm (m -3 ) Number Density of Grains >1.6µm (m -3 )
24 E7 flyby Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>1.7μm 3 2 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>3.μm r>6.5μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7:43 Spacecraft time: 21, day 12
25 E21 flyby r >1.6μm 2 Altitude to Enceladus (km) 1 Impact rate (particles/sec) r >2.7μm r >6.μm 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 All jets, M + =25kg/s CDA impact rate 15:23:2
26 What happened in E21? Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>1.7μm 3 9 W E21 C/A 49 km C/A 15s 74 km W E7 C/A 99 km C/A 2s 13 km 27 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r>3.μm r>6.5μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7: r >1.6μm km C/A+15s 131 km C/A+2s 18 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r >2.7μm r >6.μm 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 All jets, M + =25kg/s CDA impact rate 15:23:2
27 What happened in E21? Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>1.7μm 3 9 W E21 C/A 49 km C/A 15s 74 km W E7 C/A 99 km C/A 2s 13 km 27 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r>3.μm r>6.5μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7: r >1.6μm km C/A+15s 131 km C/A+2s 18 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r >2.7μm r >6.μm 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 All jets, M + =25kg/s CDA impact rate 15:23:2
28 Temporal variation Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>1.7μm 3 9 W E21 C/A 49 km C/A 15s 74 km W E7 C/A 99 km C/A 2s 13 km 27 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r>3.μm r>6.5μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7: r >1.6μm km C/A+15s 131 km C/A+2s 18 W Impact rate (particles/sec) r >2.7μm r >6.μm 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 All jets, M + =25kg/s CDA impact rate 15:23:2
29 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.6μm r>2.7μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>6.μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 15:23:2 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.7μm r>3.μm r>6.5μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7:43 Spacecraft time: 21, day 12
30 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.6μm r>2.7μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>6.μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 15:23:2 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.7μm r>3.μm r>6.5μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7:43 Spacecraft time: 21, day 12 Estimates vary from 5 kg/s to > 5 kg/s
31 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.6μm r>2.7μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) r>6.μm M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 15:22: 15:22:2 15:22:4 15:23: Spacecraft time: 215, day 31 15:23:2 Impact rate (particles/sec) r>1.7μm r>3.μm r>6.5μm Altitude to Enceladus (km) M + = 25 kg/s, α = 2.8 M + = 25 kg/s, α = 3.1 CDA impact rate 2 7:41 7:42 7:43 Spacecraft time: 21, day 12 Estimates vary from 5 kg/s to > 5 kg/s CDA data most direct measurement of mass production ~25 kg/s
32 Outline Plumes - what, where and why? Resolving mass production Implications on particle distributions and tilted jets
33 Size distribution Simulated size-distribution slope C/A 15s 74 km W Size-distribution slope as measured by CDA C/A 15s 74 km W 5 C/A 2s 13 km C/A 2s 13 km W C/A 49 km C/A 99 km 27 W 9 W C/A 49 km C/A 99 km 27 W 4 74 km C/A+15s 74 km C/A+15s 131 km C/A+2s 18 W 131 km C/A+2s 18 W 3.5
34 Size distribution Simulated size-distribution slope C/A 15s 74 km W Size-distribution slope as measured by CDA C/A 15s 74 km W 5 C/A 2s 13 km C/A 2s 13 km W C/A 49 km C/A 99 km 27 W 9 W C/A 49 km C/A 99 km 27 W 4 74 km C/A+15s 74 km C/A+15s 131 km C/A+2s 18 W 131 km C/A+2s 18 W 3.5
35 Speed vs. size distribution
36 Speed vs. size distribution 7 Monte Carlo weights Size distribution slope at CA Altitude at CA (km) Altitude at CA (km)
37 Thank you for your attention! [1] B. S. Southworth, S. Kempf, and J. N. Spitale. Surface Deposition of the Enceladus Plume and the Angle of Emissions. Icarus (submitted).
38 Outline Plumes - what, where and why? Resolving mass production Implications on particle distributions and tilted jets
39 Why surface deposition?
40 Why surface deposition? (1) How long have plumes been active?
41 Why surface deposition? (1) How long have plumes been active? (2) Have the same plumes always been active?
42 Why surface deposition? (1) How long have plumes been active? (2) Have the same plumes always been active? (3) Where are plumes active?
43 Why surface deposition? (1) How long have plumes been active? (2) Have the same plumes always been active? (3) Where are plumes active? (4) What is the plume emission structure?
44 Why surface deposition? (1) How long have plumes been active? (2) Have the same plumes always been active? (3) Where are plumes active? (4) What is the plume emission structure?
45 Competing theories of emissions
46 Competing theories of emissions Jets ~1 discrete jets proposed in Porco et al. (214). Provide location and angle with respect to surface.
47 Competing theories of emissions Jets ~1 discrete jets proposed in Porco et al. (214). Provide location and angle with respect to surface. Curtain Joseph Spitale suggested some jets formed in Porco et al. are phantom jets. Instead, plume is mostly a curtain.
48 Color maps Enceladus Colour Map 9 3 Colour Map -9 9 IR/UV Map Schenk et al., GRL, subm.
49 9 9 Color maps Simulation Matches Data Enceladus Colour Map 3Simulation Colour Map log IR/UV Map IR/UV Map Mass deposition dominated by south pole sources 18 Schenk et al., GRL, subm.
50 Jets vs. curtains log IR/UV Map 9 Jets Curtain 9 36 W 18 W W 36 W 18 W W Ice Deposition (mm/yr)
51 Effects of tilted jets log IR/UV Map 9 Jet 23 Jet W 18 W W 36 W 18 W W Ice Deposition (mm/yr)
52 Effects of tilted jets log IR/UV Map 9 All jets Jet zenith < 3º Jet zenith < 2º 9 36 W 18 W W36 W 18 W W 36 W 18 W W Ice Deposition (mm/yr) 1-1
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