Europa Multiple Flyby Mission: Update to CAPS

Transcription

1 Europa Multiple Flyby Mission: Update to CAPS Sept. 15, 2016 Bob Pappalardo Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and the Europa Clipper Science Team 2016 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

2 Europa Mission Science Goal: Explore Europa to investigate its habitability Water: Probable saltwater ocean, implied by surface geology and magnetic field Possible lakes within the ice shell, produced by local melting Chemistry: Ocean in direct contact with mantle rock, promoting chemical leaching Dark red surface materials contain salts, probably from the ocean Energy: Chemical energy might sustain life Surface irradiation creates oxidants Mantle rock-water reactions could create reductants (hydrothermal or serpentinization) radiation-produced oxidants: O 2, H 2 O 2, CH 2 O e -, O +, S +, ~ 100 K Activity: Geological activity stirs the pot Activity could be cyclical, as tied to Io Europa Flyby Mission will test key habitability hypotheses hydrothermally produced reductants: H 2 S, H 2, CH 4, Fe?? 2

3 Europa Remote Sensing Techniques Ultraviolet Spectrograph/Europa (Europa-UVS) PI Dr. Kurt Retherford, SwRI, San Antonio Detect possible water plumes erupting from Europa s surface and provide data about the composition and dynamics of Europa s rarefied atmosphere. Europa Imaging System (EIS) PI Dr. Elizabeth Turtle, APL Wide and narrow angle cameras to map most of Europa at better than 100 m resolution, with areas up to 100 times higher resolution. Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE) PI Dr. Diana Blaney, JPL Probe Europa s composition, identifying and mapping distributions of organics, salts, acid hydrates, ices, and other materials to determine habitability of Europa s ocean. Organics Salts Ices Europa Thermal Emission Imaging System (E-THEMIS) PI Dr. Philip Christensen, Arizona State University, Tempe Provide multi-spectral thermal imaging of Europa to help detect active sites, such as potential vents erupting plumes of water into space. Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) PI Dr. Donald Blankenship, University of Texas, Austin Characterize and sound Europa's icy crust from the near-surface to the ocean, revealing hidden structures and potential water within. HF (9 MHz) VHF (60 MHz) Tides Reconnaissance Subsurface Water Material Exchange 8/4 5/2015 Ice-Ocean Interface 3

4 Europa In Situ Techniques Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry (ICEMAG) PI Dr. Carol Raymond, JPL Magnetometer to measure the magnetic field near Europa and infer the location, thickness and salinity of Europa s subsurface ocean using multi-frequency electromagnetic sounding. Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) PI Dr. Joseph Westlake, APL, Laurel, Maryland In conjunction with a magnetometer, is key to determining Europa's ice shell thickness, ocean depth, and salinity by correcting the magnetic induction signal for plasma currents around Europa. MAss SPectrometer for Planetary EXploration/Europa (MASPEX) PI Dr. Jack (Hunter) Waite, SwRI, San Antonio To determine the composition of the surface and subsurface ocean by measuring Europa s extremely tenuous atmosphere and any surface material ejected into space. SUrface Dust Mass Analyzer (SUDA) PI Dr. Sascha Kempf, University of Colorado, Boulder To measure the composition of small, solid particles ejected from Europa, providing the opportunity to directly sample the surface and potential plumes on low-altitude flybys. 8/4 5/2015 4

5 Europa Mission Science Objectives (1/3): Ice Shell & Ocean Ice Shell & Ocean Objective: Characterize the ice shell and any subsurface water, including their heterogeneity, ocean properties, and the nature of surface-ice-ocean exchange Ice Shell & Ocean Investigations: Characterize the distribution of any shallow subsurface water and the structure of the icy shell [EIS, REASON] Determine ocean salinity and thickness [ICEMAG, MISE, PIMS, SUDA] Constrain the regional and global thickness, heat-flow, and dynamics of the ice shell [E-THEMIS, EIS, Gravity, ICEMAG, PIMS, REASON] Investigate processes governing material exchange among the ocean, ice shell, surface, and atmosphere [EIS, ICEMAG, MASPEX, MISE, REASON, SUDA] 5

6 Europa Mission Science Objectives (2/3): Composition Composition Objective: Understand the habitability of Europa's ocean through composition and chemistry Composition Investigations: Characterize the composition and chemistry of endogenic materials on the surface and in the atmosphere, including potential plumes [EIS, Europa-UVS, ICEMAG, MASPEX, MISE, PIMS, REASON, SUDA] Determine the role of the radiation and plasma environment in creating and processing the atmosphere and surface materials [EIS, Europa-UVS, MASPEX, MISE, PIMS, Radiation, REASON, SUDA] Characterize the chemical and compositional pathways in the ocean [EIS, ICEMAG, MASPEX, MISE, SUDA] 6

7 Europa Mission Science Objectives (3/3): Geology Geology Objective: Understand the formation of surface features, including sites of recent or current activity, and characterize high science interest localities Geology Investigations: Determine sites of most recent geological activity, including potential plumes, and characterize localities of high science interest and potential future landing sites [E-THEMIS, EIS, Europa-UVS, MASPEX, MISE, PIMS, Radiation, REASON, SUDA] Determine the formation and threedimensional characteristics of magmatic, tectonic, and impact landforms [EIS, REASON] Investigate processes of erosion and deposition and their effects on the physical properties of the surface [E-THEMIS, EIS, Europa-UVS, PIMS, Radiation, REASON, SUDA] 7

8 Europa Mission Concept Ensure capability for collecting synergistic data from all instruments (nadir-pointed, ram-pointed) simultaneously and during each flyby Maximizes science return by facilitating in-depth multi-instrument interpretations Minimizes data collection time in the high-radiation environment Enables simple, repeatable operations 16 m radar HF Antenna (2x) Magnetometer boom 5 m Solar Panels 2.2 m x 4.1 m each Forward-pointing in situ instruments Downward-pointing remote sensing instruments Radar VHF Antennas (4x) 8

9 Instrument Accommodation PIMS SUDA MASPEX Europa-UVS solar port MISE EIS WAC REASON VHF (x4) Europa-UVS E-THEMIS REASON HF (x2) PIMS EIS NAC Aug. 11, 2016 Instrument accommodation maximizes clear fields of view and permits simultaneity of instrument observations. 9

10 Altitude (km) S/C Pointing Concept of Operations: Simple & Repeatable Occasional spacecraft scanning for distant observations and calibrations (>34,000 km) Nadir-pointed orientation during flyby period (within ±34,000 km) Solar panels parked for up to an hour bracketing closest approach (REASON, NAC) 150k (-11.52h) Nadir-SunOpt Time and Distance Relative to Closest Approach -12h -11h -10h -9h -8h -7h -6h -5h -4h -3h -2h -1h C/A 100k (-7.44h) 80k (-5.8h) 66k 60k (-4.8h) (-4.4h) Nadir-RamOpt 40k (-2.9h) 10k (-47m) Nadir-RamOpt 1k (-8m) Solar Arrays Europa-UVS Scan Tracking On Scan Hold Hold Parke d Scan Scan Nadir Stare EIS-NAC Survival Standby Gimbal EIS-WAC Survival PB E-THEMIS Survival Warm-up Cal Standby Image Acq (non-cont) Scan Image Acq (non-cont) MISE Cool-down Idle Global Cube Idle Cubes (~8% Duty Cycle) REASON Off ICEMAG Orbital Mode Flyby Mode (18 Re) PIMS Survey Mode Magnetospheric Mode Trans. Iono MASPEX Warm-up Decon Bkgrd Cal Sample SUDA Survival Gravity 10 Angular Off-Nadir Rad 5 S/C Turning & Instrument Instrument On Performing Instrument 2.5 deg of Europa S/C Pointing Settling Calibration Observation/Activity No Conflict 1 deg Warm-up 0 Aug. 11, LGA

11 Trajectory Development (16F11) Europa North Jupiter Jupiter 12/7 8/2015 Altitude Alt. 400 km 400 Alt 1000 km 1000 Alt km This document has been reviewed and determined not to contain export controlled technical data. Europa Velocity 11 Aug. 11,

12 Europa Mission Imaging Potential Europa Imaging System Narrow Angle Camera 12

13