Physical Cosmology 4/4/2016. Docente: Alessandro Melchiorri
|
|
- Irene Walton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physical Cosmology 4/4/2016 Docente: Alessandro Melchiorri
2 Suggested textbooks Barbara Ryden, Introduction to Cosmology
3 Suggested textbooks An introduction to General Relativity, Sean Carroll
4 Suggested textbooks Modern Cosmology, Scott Dodelson
5 Suggested textbooks T. Padmanabhan, structure formation in the universe
6 Cosmological Constant - Current cosmological data suggest the presence of a cosmological constant at high significance. Assuming a flat universe, as confirmed by CMB observations (we will see this in a future lecture), SN-Ia (JLA) data gives: - But a cosmological constant is of extremely difficult theoretical interpretation! orders of magnitude difference (smaller) with the vacuum fluctuations energy expected in Quantum Field Theory! - Why now problem? why we live with a cosmological constant today?
7 Major goal of modern cosmology - Do we really need a cosmological constant? - Maybe data could be explained by a different component? - We need to falsify a cosmological constant! - A cosmological constant has: Constant with time (redshift) energy density We need to test these two things! Constant with time (redshift) equation of state and equal to -1!
8 Dark Energy As a first step we can fit the data with a component with a generic equation of state w constant with redshift. From the continuity equation. As we can see if w is different from -1 energy density is evolving with z! Assuming a flat universe, current SN-Ia(JLA)+CMB data gives: Very close to a cosmological constant!!!!
9 Dark Energy with CPL But, in principle, the equation of state must be redshift dependent if we want at least to address the why now? problem! A possible (widely used) parametrization is the CPL parametrization: (Integrating the continuity equation) This model has an equation of state equal to w0 at low redshift that converges to w0+wa at high redshifts. It recovers a cosmological constant for w0=-1 and wa=0.
10 Constraints on CPL Betoule et al., 2014 Gray region is SN-Ia (JLA) + CMB (Planck+WP) + Galaxy Clustering (BAO) Cosmological constant (two dashed lines) is ok. Constraints are weaker on w0 respect to w constant. Constraints on wa are very weak!!!
11 More General Parametrizations Another possible parametrization is the following one: Constraints inside the bins are correlated. With current data, an increase in the number of bins does not change the result. BSH is BAO, SN-Ia and Hubble constant constraint.
12 Quintessence But do we have physical models different from a cosmological constant that can lead to an accelerated universe? If we consider a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity the action can be written as: where and is the field potential. Varying the action respect to the field we have the equation of motion:
13 Quintessence The energy momentum tensor can be written as: Energy and pressure densities of the field are given by: Leading to the Friedmann equations:
14 Quintessence The equation of state can be written as: Note: w is always larger than -1! We therefore have an accelerating universe (w<-1/3) if And we expect a time-evolving equation of state! Example: And we have acceleration with p>1
15 Quintessence Tracking Most of these models show a tracking behaviour.
16 Quintessence Several model of quintessence (and even of modified gravity as DGP) are well mapped by the CPL parametrization. The current models of quintessence that provide the best fit to observations are of the type of thawing quintessence. These models have w=-1 at high redshifts. For thawing models actually one parameter is enough, fixing:
17 Quintessence - There are plenty of Quintessence models. - Quintessence tracks the dominant energy component, this helps in solving the why now problem. - The transition to an accelerating universe is often connected to the radiation-matter equality. - Problems with Quintessence: energy scale too low, long range forces not observed.
18 Modified Gravity On the other hand, one could consider cosmic acceleration as a failure of General Relativity at cosmic scales. One possibility to modify gravity is to include a function of the Ricci Scalar in the action: New term Energy Content: ordinary matter!
19 Modified Gravity - f(r) This brings to new Friedmann equations: In practice, there are 2 workable f(r) models: Hu and Sawicki Hu W., Sawicki I., 2007, arxiv: v1 Starobinski Starobinsky A.A., 2007, JETP Lett., 86, 157 When compared with observations, the best fit parameters of the models produce an acceleration very close to lambda.
20 Hu-Sawicki If fitted as a dark energy component, the Hu-Sawicki model provides an equation of state that varies with redshift and crosses w=-1. Current constraints on this model are weak.
21 Angular Diameter Distance We can measure the distance of an object by measuring its angular size and knowing its size (standard ruler). In the comoving reference frame we have: The angular diameter distance of an object at redshift z is:
22 Angular Diameter Distance In cosmology, the angular diameter distance and the luminosity distance of the same object can be completely different!
23 Angular Diameter Distance:SZ+X ray clusters The hot gas in a cluster of galaxies produces a distortion in the blackbody spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background that is frequency dependent. (Inverse compton scattering, photons are shifted to higher energies).
24 SZ Effect in CMB maps Abel GHz 217 GHz 70 GHz 100 GHz 353 GHz 143 GHz 545 GHz
25 X ray emission from Clusters Cluster of galaxies also emit X-ray radiation due to bremsstrahlung of ionized hot ( megakelvins) intracluster gas
26 Angular diameter distance To put it simply we have that: SZ: absorption X-ray: emission Integral over the cluster volume Free electrons density If the cluster is almost spherical we have: By measuring absorption and emission we measure the size of the cluster and we can get its angular distance!
27 Angular distance from clusters Useful for measuring the Hubble constant. Bonamente et al.,
28 Etherington s distance duality In principle, we can use standard candles and standard rulers at the same redshift to test this relation. It is a fundamental prediction of an expanding universe.
29 Test of distance duality Assuming eta as a constant:
30 Lookback time The time that a photon emitted at redshift z has spent to reach us is given by (omitting radiation): This time is clearly the difference between the age of the universe minus the age of the object that sent the photon and the age of the universe at the redshift of formation of the object: Age of the universe Age of the object Age of the Universe at z of object s formation
31 H(z) from cosmic chronometers The Hubble parameter depends on the differential age of the universe in function of redshift. Differential redshift Differential Age If we measure the age and redshift of different objects for close enough redshifts and ages we could estimate the derivative and so H(z).
32 H(z) from ages Left Panel: age of passively evolving galaxies obtained from stellar population synthesis models in function of z. Right Panel: H(z) obtained from differential ages from the same catalog. See
33 Constraints on w Open: just CMB Filled: CMB+H(z) (from cluster ages)
with Matter and Radiation By: Michael Solway
Interactions of Dark Energy with Matter and Radiation By: Michael Solway Advisor: Professor Mike Berger What is Dark Energy? Dark energy is the energy needed to explain the observed accelerated expansion
More informationCosmology. Jörn Wilms Department of Physics University of Warwick.
Cosmology Jörn Wilms Department of Physics University of Warwick http://astro.uni-tuebingen.de/~wilms/teach/cosmo Contents 2 Old Cosmology Space and Time Friedmann Equations World Models Modern Cosmology
More informationThe early and late time acceleration of the Universe
The early and late time acceleration of the Universe Tomo Takahashi (Saga University) March 7, 2016 New Generation Quantum Theory -Particle Physics, Cosmology, and Chemistry- @Kyoto University The early
More informationModern Cosmology / Scott Dodelson Contents
Modern Cosmology / Scott Dodelson Contents The Standard Model and Beyond p. 1 The Expanding Universe p. 1 The Hubble Diagram p. 7 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis p. 9 The Cosmic Microwave Background p. 13 Beyond
More informationReally, really, what universe do we live in?
Really, really, what universe do we live in? Fluctuations in cosmic microwave background Origin Amplitude Spectrum Cosmic variance CMB observations and cosmological parameters COBE, balloons WMAP Parameters
More informationIntroduction. How did the universe evolve to what it is today?
Cosmology 8 1 Introduction 8 2 Cosmology: science of the universe as a whole How did the universe evolve to what it is today? Based on four basic facts: The universe expands, is isotropic, and is homogeneous.
More informationCosmology II: The thermal history of the Universe
.. Cosmology II: The thermal history of the Universe Ruth Durrer Département de Physique Théorique et CAP Université de Genève Suisse August 6, 2014 Ruth Durrer (Université de Genève) Cosmology II August
More informationAdvanced Topics on Astrophysics: Lectures on dark matter
Advanced Topics on Astrophysics: Lectures on dark matter Jesús Zavala Franco e-mail: jzavalaf@uwaterloo.ca UW, Department of Physics and Astronomy, office: PHY 208C, ext. 38400 Perimeter Institute for
More informationCH 14 MODERN COSMOLOGY The Study of Nature, origin and evolution of the universe Does the Universe have a center and an edge? What is the evidence
CH 14 MODERN COSMOLOGY The Study of Nature, origin and evolution of the universe Does the Universe have a center and an edge? What is the evidence that the Universe began with a Big Bang? How has the Universe
More informationTo Lambda or not to Lambda?
To Lambda or not to Lambda? Supratik Pal Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata October 17, 2015 Conclusion We don t know :) Partly based on my works with Dhiraj Hazra, Subha Majumdar, Sudhakar Panda, Anjan
More informationIs inflation really necessary in a closed Universe? Branislav Vlahovic, Maxim Eingorn. Please see also arxiv:
Is inflation really necessary in a closed Universe? Branislav Vlahovic, Maxim Eingorn North Carolina Central University NASA University Research Centers, Durham NC Please see also arxiv:1303.3203 Chicago
More informationDark Energy and Dark Matter Interaction. f (R) A Worked Example. Wayne Hu Florence, February 2009
Dark Energy and Dark Matter Interaction f (R) A Worked Example Wayne Hu Florence, February 2009 Why Study f(r)? Cosmic acceleration, like the cosmological constant, can either be viewed as arising from
More informationTESTING GRAVITY WITH COSMOLOGY
21 IV. TESTING GRAVITY WITH COSMOLOGY We now turn to the different ways with which cosmological observations can constrain modified gravity models. We have already seen that Solar System tests provide
More information2. OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY
2. OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY 1. OBSERVATIONAL PARAMETERS i. Introduction History of modern observational Cosmology ii. Cosmological Parameters The search for 2 (or more) numbers Hubble Parameter Deceleration
More informationD.V. Fursaev JINR, Dubna. Mysteries of. the Universe. Problems of the Modern Cosmology
Mysteries of D.V. Fursaev JINR, Dubna the Universe Problems of the Modern Cosmology plan of the lecture facts about our Universe mathematical model, Friedman universe consequences, the Big Bang recent
More informationAnnouncements. Homework. Set 8now open. due late at night Friday, Dec 10 (3AM Saturday Nov. 11) Set 7 answers on course web site.
Homework. Set 8now. due late at night Friday, Dec 10 (3AM Saturday Nov. 11) Set 7 answers on course web site. Review for Final. In class on Thursday. Course Evaluation. https://rateyourclass.msu.edu /
More informationOBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY. Marco Roncadelli INFN Pavia (Italy)
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY Marco Roncadelli INFN Pavia (Italy) ABSTRACT Assuming KNOWN physical laws, I first discuss OBSERVATIONAL evidence for dark matter in galaxies and
More informationCosmic Acceleration from Modified Gravity: f (R) A Worked Example. Wayne Hu
Cosmic Acceleration from Modified Gravity: f (R) A Worked Example Wayne Hu Aspen, January 2009 Outline f(r) Basics and Background Linear Theory Predictions N-body Simulations and the Chameleon Collaborators:
More informationGalaxies 626. Lecture 3: From the CMBR to the first star
Galaxies 626 Lecture 3: From the CMBR to the first star Galaxies 626 Firstly, some very brief cosmology for background and notation: Summary: Foundations of Cosmology 1. Universe is homogenous and isotropic
More information4.3 The accelerating universe and the distant future
Discovering Astronomy : Galaxies and Cosmology 46 Figure 55: Alternate histories of the universe, depending on the mean density compared to the critical value. The left hand panel shows the idea graphically.
More informationCosmology Dark Energy Models ASTR 2120 Sarazin
Cosmology Dark Energy Models ASTR 2120 Sarazin Late Homeworks Last day Wednesday, May 1 My mail box in ASTR 204 Maximum credit 50% unless excused (but, better than nothing) Final Exam Thursday, May 2,
More informationPhysical Cosmology 6/6/2016
Physical Cosmology 6/6/2016 Alessandro Melchiorri alessandro.melchiorri@roma1.infn.it slides can be found here: oberon.roma1.infn.it/alessandro/cosmo2016 CMB anisotropies The temperature fluctuation in
More informationPHY326/426:Lecture 19
PHY326/426:Lecture 19 Dark Energy Finish WIMP signals Evidence for Dark Energy Type Ia Supernovae What is Dark Energy The fate of the Universe The Distance-Redshift relation Recall from lecture 2: The
More informationConstraining Modified Gravity and Coupled Dark Energy with Future Observations Matteo Martinelli
Coupled Dark University of Rome La Sapienza Roma, October 28th 2011 Outline 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Accelerated Expansion Cosmological data agree with an accelerated expansion of the Universe d L [Mpc] 16000
More informationThe Cosmological Principle
Cosmological Models John O Byrne School of Physics University of Sydney Using diagrams and pp slides from Seeds Foundations of Astronomy and the Supernova Cosmology Project http://www-supernova.lbl.gov
More informationNonparametric Inference and the Dark Energy Equation of State
Nonparametric Inference and the Dark Energy Equation of State Christopher R. Genovese Peter E. Freeman Larry Wasserman Department of Statistics Carnegie Mellon University http://www.stat.cmu.edu/ ~ genovese/
More informationLecture 1 General relativity and cosmology. Kerson Huang MIT & IAS, NTU
A Superfluid Universe Lecture 1 General relativity and cosmology Kerson Huang MIT & IAS, NTU Lecture 1. General relativity and cosmology Mathematics and physics Big bang Dark energy Dark matter Robertson-Walker
More informationVU lecture Introduction to Particle Physics. Thomas Gajdosik, FI & VU. Big Bang (model)
Big Bang (model) What can be seen / measured? basically only light _ (and a few particles: e ±, p, p, ν x ) in different wave lengths: microwave to γ-rays in different intensities (measured in magnitudes)
More informationCosmological Constraints on Dark Energy via Bulk Viscosity from Decaying Dark Matter
Cosmological Constraints on Dark Energy via Bulk Viscosity from Decaying Dark Matter Nguyen Quynh Lan Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam (University of Notre Dame, USA) Rencontres du Vietnam:
More informationDefining Cosmological Parameters. Cosmological Parameters. Many Universes (Fig on pp.367)
Cosmological Parameters Composition of the universe What fraction is in the form of matter? m Always positive. What fraction is in the form of curvature? k Can be positive (hyperbolic) or negative (spherical).
More informationCosmology. Introduction Geometry and expansion history (Cosmic Background Radiation) Growth Secondary anisotropies Large Scale Structure
Cosmology Introduction Geometry and expansion history (Cosmic Background Radiation) Growth Secondary anisotropies Large Scale Structure Cosmology from Large Scale Structure Sky Surveys Supernovae Ia CMB
More informationBAO & RSD. Nikhil Padmanabhan Essential Cosmology for the Next Generation VII December 2017
BAO & RSD Nikhil Padmanabhan Essential Cosmology for the Next Generation VII December 2017 Overview Introduction Standard rulers, a spherical collapse picture of BAO, the Kaiser formula, measuring distance
More informationSTUDY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE USING GALAXY CLUSTERS
STUDY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE USING GALAXY CLUSTERS BÙI VĂN TUẤN Advisors: Cyrille Rosset, Michel Crézé, James G. Bartlett ASTROPARTICLE AND COSMOLOGY LABORATORY PARIS DIDEROT UNIVERSITY
More informationA5682: Introduction to Cosmology Course Notes. 11. CMB Anisotropy
Reading: Chapter 8, sections 8.4 and 8.5 11. CMB Anisotropy Gravitational instability and structure formation Today s universe shows structure on scales from individual galaxies to galaxy groups and clusters
More informationLecture 19. Dark Energy
Dark Energy ΛCDM Recall the lectures on cosmology The universe is flat Total energy density is 1 We know matter and baryon density So far, we called the rest Dark Energy We treated DE in the Friedmann
More informationAstronomy 233 Winter 2009 Physical Cosmology Week 3 Distances and Horizons Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz
Astronomy 233 Winter 2009 Physical Cosmology Week 3 Distances and Horizons Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz Astronomy 233 Physical Cosmology Winter 2009 Class meets MW 2-3:45PM, ISB 231
More informationThe Expanding Universe
Announcements (this page posted as part of lecture notes on Angel) Homework 7 due late at night Monday April 23 (6:30AM Apr 24) Homework 8 now available on Angel Due late at night Friday April 27 (6:30AM
More informationModel Universe Including Pressure
Model Universe Including Pressure The conservation of mass within the expanding shell was described by R 3 ( t ) ρ ( t ) = ρ 0 We now assume an Universe filled with a fluid (dust) of uniform density ρ,
More informationRedshift-Distance Relationships
Redshift-Distance Relationships George Jones April 4, 0. Distances in Cosmology This note considers two conceptually important definitions of cosmological distances, look-back distance and proper distance.
More informationAstronomy 422. Lecture 15: Expansion and Large Scale Structure of the Universe
Astronomy 422 Lecture 15: Expansion and Large Scale Structure of the Universe Key concepts: Hubble Flow Clusters and Large scale structure Gravitational Lensing Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Expansion and age
More informationMIT Exploring Black Holes
THE UNIVERSE and Three Examples Alan Guth, MIT MIT 8.224 Exploring Black Holes EINSTEIN'S CONTRIBUTIONS March, 1916: The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity Feb, 1917: Cosmological Considerations
More informationThe Friedmann Equation R = GM R 2. R(t) R R = GM R GM R. d dt. = d dt 1 2 R 2 = GM R + K. Kinetic + potential energy per unit mass = constant
The Friedmann Equation R = GM R R R = GM R R R(t) d dt 1 R = d dt GM R M 1 R = GM R + K Kinetic + potential energy per unit mass = constant The Friedmann Equation 1 R = GM R + K M = ρ 4 3 π R3 1 R = 4πGρR
More informationIf there is an edge to the universe, we should be able to see our way out of the woods. Olber s Paradox. This is called Olber s Paradox
Suppose the Universe were not expanding, but was in some kind of steady state. How should galaxy recession velocities correlate with distance? They should a) be directly proportional to distance. b) reverse
More informationThe Expanding Universe
Cosmology Expanding Universe History of the Universe Cosmic Background Radiation The Cosmological Principle Cosmology and General Relativity Dark Matter and Dark Energy Primitive Cosmology If the universe
More informationLecture 9. Basics Measuring distances Parallax Cepheid variables Type Ia Super Novae. Gravitational lensing Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
Lecture 9 H 0 from the Hubble diagram Basics Measuring distances Parallax Cepheid variables Type Ia Super Novae H 0 from other methods Gravitational lensing Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect H 0 from the Hubble
More informationCosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Chapter Twenty-Eight. Guiding Questions
Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Chapter Twenty-Eight Guiding Questions 1. What does the darkness of the night sky tell us about the nature of the universe? 2. As the universe expands,
More informationModified Gravity and the Accelerating Universe Sean Carroll
Modified Gravity and the Accelerating Universe Sean Carroll Something is making the universe accelerate. Could gravity be the culprit, and if so how will we know? Degrees of Freedom We live in a low-energy
More informationAstr 102: Introduction to Astronomy. Lecture 16: Cosmic Microwave Background and other evidence for the Big Bang
Astr 102: Introduction to Astronomy Fall Quarter 2009, University of Washington, Željko Ivezić Lecture 16: Cosmic Microwave Background and other evidence for the Big Bang 1 Outline Observational Cosmology:
More informationFrontiers: Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
Frontiers: Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect An effect predicted more than four decades ago, the S-Z effect has come into its own as a probe of cosmological conditions, due to instrumental advances and a certain
More informationModeling the Universe A Summary
Modeling the Universe A Summary Questions to Consider 1. What does the darkness of the night sky tell us about the nature of the universe? 2. As the universe expands, what, if anything, is it expanding
More informationDark Matter and Dark Energy
Dark Matter and Dark Energy Sean Carroll, University of Chicago Our universe, as inventoried over the last ten years: 5% Ordinary Matter 25% D ark M atter 70% Dark Energy Dark Energy Dark Matter Ordinary
More informationA Framework for. Modified Gravity. Models of Cosmic Acceleration. Wayne Hu EFI, November 2008
A Framework for Modified Gravity Models of Cosmic Acceleration Wayne Hu EFI, November 2008 Candidates for Acceleration Cosmological constant (cold dark matter) model ΛCDM is the standard model of cosmology
More informationEnergy Source for Active Galactic Nuclei
Quasars Quasars are small, extremely luminous, extremely distant galactic nuclei Bright radio sources Name comes from Quasi-Stellar Radio Source, as they appeared to be stars! Can have clouds of gas near
More informationParameterizing. Modified Gravity. Models of Cosmic Acceleration. Wayne Hu Ann Arbor, May 2008
Parameterizing Modified Gravity Models of Cosmic Acceleration Wayne Hu Ann Arbor, May 2008 Parameterizing Acceleration Cosmic acceleration, like the cosmological constant, can either be viewed as arising
More informationTheoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology
Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology What is COSMOLOGY? -The study of the Universe as a whole, namely as the collection of its matter/energy components and its constituent phenomena, and of its evolution.
More informationAstronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Astronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe Prof. Josh Frieman Lecture 10 Nov. 11, 2015 Today Hot Big Bang I: Cosmic Microwave Background Assignments This week: read Hawley and Holcomb, Chapter
More informationTheoretical developments for BAO Surveys. Takahiko Matsubara Nagoya Univ.
Theoretical developments for BAO Surveys Takahiko Matsubara Nagoya Univ. Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Photons and baryons are strongly coupled by Thomson & Coulomb scattering before photon decoupling (z
More informationBrief Introduction to Cosmology
Brief Introduction to Cosmology Matias Zaldarriaga Harvard University August 2006 Basic Questions in Cosmology: How does the Universe evolve? What is the universe made off? How is matter distributed? How
More informationImplications of the Hubble Law: - it is not static, unchanging - Universe had a beginning!! - could not have been expanding forever HUBBLE LAW:
Cosmology and the Evolution of the Universe Edwin Hubble, 1929: -almost all galaxies have a redshift -moving away from us -greater distance greater redshift Implications of the Hubble Law: - Universe is
More informationCosmology and the Evolution of the Universe. Implications of the Hubble Law: - Universe is changing (getting bigger!) - it is not static, unchanging
Cosmology and the Evolution of the Edwin Hubble, 1929: -almost all galaxies have a redshift -moving away from us -exceptions in Local Group -with distance measurements - found a relationship greater distance
More informationUltrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays propagation I
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays propagation I Microwave background Energy loss processes for protons: - photoproduction interactions - pair production interactions - adiabatic loss due to the expansion of
More informationCorrelations between the Cosmic Microwave Background and Infrared Galaxies
Correlations between the Cosmic Microwave Background and Infrared Galaxies Brett Scheiner & Jake McCoy Based on work by Goto, Szapudi and Granett (2012) http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/2012mnras.422l..77g
More informationLecture 03. The Cosmic Microwave Background
The Cosmic Microwave Background 1 Photons and Charge Remember the lectures on particle physics Photons are the bosons that transmit EM force Charged particles interact by exchanging photons But since they
More informationDark Matter. Homework 3 due. ASTR 433 Projects 4/17: distribute abstracts 4/19: 20 minute talks. 4/24: Homework 4 due 4/26: Exam ASTR 333/433.
Dark Matter ASTR 333/433 Today Clusters of Galaxies Homework 3 due ASTR 433 Projects 4/17: distribute abstracts 4/19: 20 minute talks 4/24: Homework 4 due 4/26: Exam Galaxy Clusters 4 distinct measures:
More informationCosmic Acceleration from Modified Gravity: f (R) A Worked Example. Wayne Hu
Cosmic Acceleration from Modified Gravity: f (R) A Worked Example Wayne Hu CalTech, December 2008 Why Study f(r)? Cosmic acceleration, like the cosmological constant, can either be viewed as arising from
More informationCosmology: An Introduction. Eung Jin Chun
Cosmology: An Introduction Eung Jin Chun Cosmology Hot Big Bang + Inflation. Theory of the evolution of the Universe described by General relativity (spacetime) Thermodynamics, Particle/nuclear physics
More informationWhy is the Universe Expanding?
Why is the Universe Expanding? In general relativity, mass warps space. Warped space makes matter move, which changes the structure of space. Thus the universe should be dynamic! Gravity tries to collapse
More informationPhysics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy ad Cosmology
Physics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy ad Cosmology Lecture 4; January 15 2014 Previously The dominant force on the scale of the Universe is gravity Gravity is accurately described by the theory of general
More informationTheoretical Explanations for Cosmic Acceleration
Theoretical Explanations for Cosmic Acceleration Eanna Flanagan, Cornell Physics Colloquium, University of Guelph, 17 October 2006 Outline Recent observations show that the expansion of the Universe is
More informationHomework. 1. Hubble. 2. Go to What is the distances for the following things in light years.
Homework 1. Hubble. (a) What did Edwin Hubble observe in 1929 and how did he observe this. Be as specific as possible and sketch a graph of his data, with clearly labeled x and y axes and units given for
More informationElise Jennings University of Chicago
Pacific 2014 Testing gravity with large scale structure dynamics Elise Jennings University of Chicago THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE ENRICO FERMI INSTITUTE EJ, B. Li, C.M. Baugh, G. Zhao, K. Kazuya 2013
More informationAy1 Lecture 17. The Expanding Universe Introduction to Cosmology
Ay1 Lecture 17 The Expanding Universe Introduction to Cosmology 17.1 The Expanding Universe General Relativity (1915) A fundamental change in viewing the physical space and time, and matter/energy Postulates
More informationObservational Cosmology
(C. Porciani / K. Basu) Lecture 7 Cosmology with galaxy clusters (Mass function, clusters surveys) Course website: http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~kbasu/astro845.html Outline of the two lecture Galaxy clusters
More informationClusters and Groups of Galaxies
Clusters and Groups of Galaxies X-ray emission from clusters Models of the hot gas Cooling flows Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect X-ray surveys and clusters Scaling relations Evolutionary effects X-ray emitting
More informationTesting GR on Cosmological Scales
Testing GR on Cosmological Scales f(r) and DGP Worked Examples Wayne Hu Harvard Smithsonian Conference May 2012 Outline Testing Gravity Cosmologically f(r) (chameleon) and DGP (Vainshtein) worked examples
More information20 Lecture 20: Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation continued
PHYS 652: Astrophysics 103 20 Lecture 20: Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation continued Innocent light-minded men, who think that astronomy can be learnt by looking at the stars without knowledge of
More informationLecture #24: Plan. Cosmology. Expansion of the Universe Olber s Paradox Birth of our Universe
Lecture #24: Plan Cosmology Expansion of the Universe Olber s Paradox Birth of our Universe Reminder: Redshifts and the Expansion of the Universe Early 20 th century astronomers noted: Spectra from most
More informationOlbers Paradox. Lecture 14: Cosmology. Resolutions of Olbers paradox. Cosmic redshift
Lecture 14: Cosmology Olbers paradox Redshift and the expansion of the Universe The Cosmological Principle Ω and the curvature of space The Big Bang model Primordial nucleosynthesis The Cosmic Microwave
More informationSecondary CMB Anisotropy
Secondary CMB Anisotropy III: Dark Energy Wayne Hu Cabo, January 2009 Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect Smooth Energy Density & Potential Decay Regardless of the equation of state an energy component that
More informationThe State of the Universe [2010] There is only data and the interpretation of data (green text = assumptions)
The State of the Universe [2010] There is only data and the interpretation of data (green text = assumptions) Current thinking in cosmology says that the universe is filled with dark matter and dark energy.
More informationHighlights from Planck 2013 cosmological results Paolo Natoli Università di Ferrara and ASI/ASDC DSU2013, Sissa, 17 October 2013
Highlights from Planck 2013 cosmological results Paolo Natoli Università di Ferrara and ASI/ASDC DSU2013, Sissa, 17 October 2013 On behalf of the Planck collaboration Fluctuation and GW generator Fluctuation
More informationPower spectrum exercise
Power spectrum exercise In this exercise, we will consider different power spectra and how they relate to observations. The intention is to give you some intuition so that when you look at a microwave
More informationThe X-Ray Universe. The X-Ray Universe
The X-Ray Universe The X-Ray Universe Potsdam University Dr. Lidia Oskinova Wintersemester 2013-2014 lida@astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de/~lida/x-ray.html Chandra X-ray, HST optical,
More informationSupernovae explosions and the Accelerating Universe. Bodo Ziegler
Nobel Prize for Physics 2011 Supernovae explosions and the Accelerating Universe Institute for Astronomy University of Vienna Since 09/2010: ouniprof University of Vienna 12/2008-08/10: Staff member European
More informationAn analogy between four parametrizations of the dark energy equation of state onto Physical DE Models
An analogy between four parametrizations of the dark energy equation of state onto Physical DE Models Ehsan Sadri Physics Department, Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Abstract In order
More information3 Observational Cosmology Evolution from the Big Bang Lecture 2
3 Observational Cosmology Evolution from the Big Bang Lecture 2 http://www.sr.bham.ac.uk/~smcgee/obscosmo/ Sean McGee smcgee@star.sr.bham.ac.uk http://www.star.sr.bham.ac.uk/~smcgee/obscosmo Nucleosynthesis
More informationYou may not start to read the questions printed on the subsequent pages until instructed to do so by the Invigilator.
MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS Part III Thursday 3 June, 2004 9 to 12 PAPER 67 PHYSICAL COSMOLOGY Attempt THREE questions. There are four questions in total. The questions carry equal weight. You may not start to
More informationDark Energy vs. Dark Matter: Towards a unifying scalar field?
Dark Energy vs. Dark Matter: Towards a unifying scalar field? Alexandre ARBEY Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, March 2nd, 2007. Introduction The Dark Stuff
More informationFive pieces of evidence for a Big Bang 1. Expanding Universe
Five pieces of evidence for a Big Bang 1. Expanding Universe More distant galaxies have larger doppler shifts to the red, so moving faster away from us redshift = z = (λ λ 0 )/λ 0 λ 0 = wavelength at rest
More informationCosmology. Assumptions in cosmology Olber s paradox Cosmology à la Newton Cosmology à la Einstein Cosmological constant Evolution of the Universe
Cosmology Assumptions in cosmology Olber s paradox Cosmology à la Newton Cosmology à la Einstein Cosmological constant Evolution of the Universe Assumptions in Cosmology Copernican principle: We do not
More informationCosmology ASTR 2120 Sarazin. Hubble Ultra-Deep Field
Cosmology ASTR 2120 Sarazin Hubble Ultra-Deep Field Cosmology - Da Facts! 1) Big Universe of Galaxies 2) Sky is Dark at Night 3) Isotropy of Universe Cosmological Principle = Universe Homogeneous 4) Hubble
More informationPhysical Cosmology 18/5/2017
Physical Cosmology 18/5/2017 Alessandro Melchiorri alessandro.melchiorri@roma1.infn.it slides can be found here: oberon.roma1.infn.it/alessandro/cosmo2017 Summary If we consider perturbations in a pressureless
More informationDark Energy and the Accelerating Universe
Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe Dragan Huterer Department of Physics University of Michigan The universe today presents us with a grand puzzle: What is 95% of it made of? Shockingly, we still
More informationStructure in the CMB
Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies = structure in the CMB Structure in the CMB Boomerang balloon flight. Mapped Cosmic Background Radiation with far higher angular resolution than previously available.
More information6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
What we can learn about stars from their light: II Color In addition to its brightness, light in general is characterized by its color (actually its wavelength) 6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell
More informationExperimental Tests and Alternative Theories of Gravity
Experimental Tests and Alternative Theories of Gravity Gonzalo J. Olmo Alba gonzalo.olmo@uv.es University of Valencia (Spain) & UW-Milwaukee Experimental Tests and Alternative Theories of Gravity p. 1/2
More informationPast, Present and Future of the Expanding Universe
Past, Present and Future of the Expanding University of Osnabrück, Germany Talk presented at TEDA College on the occasion of its Tenth Anniversary October 17, 2010 Past, Present and Future of the Expanding
More informationThe Early Universe John Peacock ESA Cosmic Vision Paris, Sept 2004
The Early Universe John Peacock ESA Cosmic Vision Paris, Sept 2004 The history of modern cosmology 1917 Static via cosmological constant? (Einstein) 1917 Expansion (Slipher) 1952 Big Bang criticism (Hoyle)
More informationIoP. An Introduction to the Science of Cosmology. Derek Raine. Ted Thomas. Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics An Introduction to the Science of Cosmology Derek Raine Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester, UK Ted Thomas Department of Physics and Astronomy
More informationAstr 2320 Tues. May 2, 2017 Today s Topics Chapter 23: Cosmology: The Big Bang and Beyond Introduction Newtonian Cosmology Solutions to Einstein s
Astr 0 Tues. May, 07 Today s Topics Chapter : Cosmology: The Big Bang and Beyond Introduction Newtonian Cosmology Solutions to Einstein s Field Equations The Primeval Fireball Standard Big Bang Model Chapter
More information