1) Which electron would be most likely to emit x-ray electromagnetic energy?

Transcription

1 AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 7) Multiple Choice (40%) 1) Which electron would be most likely to emit x-ray electromagnetic energy? A) n = 1 n = 6 B) n = 2 n = 3 C) n = 6 n = 1 D) n = 3 n = 2 2) Which statement about electromagnetic radiation is false? A) Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength. B) The frequency of violet light is greater than the frequency of orange light. C) The velocity of radio electromagnetic waves is the same as the velocity of ultraviolet electromagnetic waves in a vacuum. D) Photons of infrared light have more energy than photons of green light. E) The wavelength of microwaves is longer than the wavelength of infrared light. 3) Which one is false? A) Alkali metals = ns 1 B) ns 2 np 1 = +3 oxidation number C) ns 2 np 6 = relatively high ionization energy D) nd 6 = 4 unpaired electrons E) ns 2 np 5 = +1 oxidation number 4) What is the ending electron configuration for Br? A) 4p 5 B) 5p 4 C) 3p 5 D) 5p 3 E) None of these 5) Which one is generally true? A) Metals have higher electron affinities than nonmetals. B) Metals have lower ionization energies than nonmetals. C) Metals have greater effective nuclear charges than nonmetals. D) Metals readily become anions in a simple ionic compound. E) None of these are true. 6) Which one illustrates all true statements? I) The d-orbital has 5 spatial orientations. II) One p-orbital holds two electrons. III) A full set of f-orbitals holds 14 electrons. IV) The f-orbital has 14 spatial orientations. V) The 4p orbital fills after the 3d orbital. A) II, IV B) II, III, IV C) I, III, V D) IV, V E) I, II, III, V

2 7) If the following set of quantum numbers represents one of the ending configuration electrons in the ground state electron configuration of an element according to the Aufbau Principle, which one of the following could be the element? n = 4, l = 3, m l = 2, m s = + ½ A) Ni B) Eu C) Nb D) U E) None of these 8) Which quantum number is not possible for m l = +2? A) n = 3 B) m s = + ½ C) l = 3 D) l = 2 E) n = 2 9) Which set of quantum numbers is allowed? A) n = 3, l = 3, m l = 0, m s = + ½ B) n = 1, l = 0, m l = +1, m s = ½ C) n = 4, l = 1, m l = 2, m s = + ½ D) n = 6, l = 1, m l = 1, m s = ½ 10) Within the same period of elements, which one would have the greatest electron affinity? A) ns 2 np 2 B) ns 2 nd 10 C) ns 2 np 5 D) ns 1 E) ns 2 np 1 11) An element has the following valence Aufbau diagram. Which one would be its oxidation number in simple ionic compounds? _ ns np np np A) +6 B) 6 C) +2 D) 2 12) Which one best describes an emission spectrum? A) A cold gas absorbs some wavelengths of white light. B) A cold gas emits some wavelengths of light. C) A hot gas absorbs some wavelengths of white light. D) A hot gas emits some wavelengths of light.

3 13) Which one best describes an absorption spectrum? A) Electrons absorb certain frequencies of white light = E. B) Electrons absorb certain frequencies of white light = + E. C) Electrons emit certain frequencies of white light = E. D) Electrons emit certain frequencies of white light = + E. 14) Which one is true for an electron? A) E leads to n = 5 n = 3 which is energy absorption. B) E leads to n = 3 n = 5 which is energy absorption. C) + E leads to n = 5 n = 3 which is energy absorption. D) + E leads to n = 3 n = 5 which is energy absorption. 15) Which one of the following pairs contains isoelectronic species? A) F and K + B) Ba 2+ and I C) Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ D) Na + and S 2- E) As 3+ and Br 16) Which one illustrates an excited state electron? A) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 9 5s 1 B) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 C) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 12 D) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 1 17) Which one is true about an atom of Mg? A) 1 st IE < 2 nd IE < 3 rd IE <<<<< 4 th IE B) 1 st IE > 2 nd IE >>>>>> 3 rd IE C) 1 st IE < 2 nd IE < 3 rd IE D) 1 st IE < 2 nd IE <<<<<< 3 rd IE 18) Which set of elements is arranged in order of increasing electron affinity? A) Sr, V, As, S, O B) O, S, As, V, Sr C) As, S, O, V, Sr D) Sr, V, O, S, As E) None of these are correct. 19) Which species has the greatest atomic radius? A) K + B) Y 3+ C) Zn 2+ D) As 3 E) Se 2 20) Which set of elements is arranged in order of decreasing atomic radius? A) Ca, Fe, Ru, Sb, P, S B) Sb, Ru, S, P, Fe, Ca C) Sb, Ru, Fe, Ca, S, P D) Ru, Sb, Ca, Fe, P, S E) None of these are correct.

4 Problems and Free Response (60%) PLEASE SHOW ALL YOUR WORK FOR ANY CREDIT! 1) 1.20 m 3.52 m 4.7 s (3 pts) A) What is the amplitude? (3 pts) B) What is the period? (3 pts) C) What is the wavelength? (3 pts) D) What is the velocity? (3 pts) E) What is the frequency? 2) Please consider gamma electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.33 X hertz (wave (5 pts) A) What is the wavelength of gamma waves? (5 pts) B) What is the energy of gamma photons? 3) Please consider the species, Cs + and I. (5 pts) A) Please give the electron configuration for one of the species. Please indicate which species. (5 pts) B) Which species has a greater ionization energy? Why?

5 4) Element Q has the following first four ionizations. I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 (kj/mole) Q (5 pts) What is the most likely formula for the simple ionic compound of element Q with phosphorous? Please explain the choice of formula on the basis of the ionization energies. 5) The ( ) indicates energy being released and the (+) indicates energy being required. Briefly (in one to three sentences) explain each of the following in terms of atomic structure. (5 pts) A) In general, there is an increase in electron affinity across a period. (5 pts) B) The electron affinity of N is lower than that of C. (5 pts) C) The electron affinity of Be is lower than that of Li. (5 pts) D) The noble gases generally require energy to add electrons. Why?