1 Science/Physics. 2 Motion. GS 104, Exam Review

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Sharyl Shields
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1 1 Science/Physics 1. Homework #1 questions: Look over units of measure questions and solutions. 2. Name a subfield within science 3. Name a subfield within physics m = meter? (Prefix) m = meter? (Prefix) 6. Review prefixes for 10 3, 10 6, 10 9, Review prefixes for 10 2, 10 3, 10 6, Name and describe one aspect always included in the lab write-ups. 9. Give one reason why lab notebooks are crucial to the scientific process. 10. Describe one measuring tool with both metric (SI) and imperial units. 11. What is the language of physics (and science)? 12. Define accuracy and precision. 13. Describe an everyday physics phenomena. 2 Motion 1. Homework #2 questions: Particularly the graphing solutions. 2. Define a scalar. 3. Define a vector. 4. Define position. 5. Define speed. Two measurements needed to calculate average speed are...? 6. Define velocity including units. 7. Define acceleration including units. 8. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with constant velocity. 9. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with positive constant acceleration. 10. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with negative constant acceleration. 11. If given an acceleration graph, how do you find the velocity graph? 12. If given a velocity graph, how do you find the position graph? 13. If given a position graph, how do you find the velocity graph? 14. If given a velocity graph, how do you find the acceleration graph? 15. Practice actually finding these graphs, not just knowing how. 1

2 3 Gravity 1. Homework #3 questions: Particularly the graphing solutions. 2. Value of g on Earth including units and direction. 3. Is g (gravity) a force or acceleration? 4. What is (universal) gravity dependent on? What object causes gravity? 5. A lead brick and a wood brick of the same shape and size are dropped from the top of Madrone Hall. Ignoring air resistance (or assuming it is the same for both bricks due to same shape), is there a time difference between the two objects reaching the ground? 6. Draw a motion diagram of a ball being released from the top of Madrone Hall. 7. Does the ball dropped fall a longer distance near the roof or near the ground given a 0.1 second time frame? Why? 8. If Madrone Hall is 20m tall, how many seconds does it take for the ball to fall? 9. My keys are thrown straight up. What is the velocity at the top of its flight? 10. My keys are thrown straight up. What is the acceleration at the top of its flight? 11. Describe the changing velocity of my keys. Similar to Problem 5 in HW 3. 2

3 4 Projectile Motion 1. Homework #4 questions 2. Look over Projectile Motion simulation. 3. What does 2D mean? What are those 2Ds? What are the two axes of projectile motion? 4. Describe what projectile motion is. Give a real world example. 5. Define component. (Don t worry about the trig [sines and cosines] stuff) 6. Is free fall a type of projectile motion? 7. Given a ball rolled across the table and a ball dropped at the instant the rolled ball leaves the table, do the balls hit the ground at the same time? Problem 2 in HW Does changing the mass of the projectile change the location the object hits on the ground? 9. To hit the same location on the ground, as the speed increases, what does the (absolute value) angle do? 10. Which angle(s) give you the largest range (horizontal distance)? 11. Which angle(s) give you the largest height (vertical distance)? 12. Is the vertical component of velocity constant or non-constant in projectile motion? 13. Is the horizontal component of velocity constant or non-constant in projectile motion? 14. Write out and understand the three kinematic equations. (Let this be last on the list. Do what you can.) 3

4 5 Forces 1. What is a force? 2. Is weight a force? 3. Define weight and mass. 4. Describe normal force. 5. List one contact and one non-contact force 6. What causes an initially moving hockey puck to finally come to rest? 7. Describe Newton s 2nd Law in words. 8. Describe Newton s 1st Law in words. 9. Describe Newton s 3rd Law in words. 10. When riding in a car and someone quickly hits the brake, you fall forward. Which of Newton s laws explain why? 11. I am pushing a box across a carpet. How many forces are acting on the box and what are they called? 12. In a game of tug-of-war, I pull with 100 N and your group pulls with 100 N. If there were a spring scale in the middle, what would it read (in N)? 13. When no forces act on moving objects, their paths are normally...straight, circles, ellipses, or all the previous? *This is from circular motion. Don t stress over this question.* 4

1 Science/Physics 1. Homework #1 questions: Look over units of measure questions and solutions. 2. Name a subfield within science: Biology, Chemistry, Physics,... 3.

5 1 Science/Physics 1. Homework #1 questions: Look over units of measure questions and solutions. 2. Name a subfield within science: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Name a subfield within physics: Biophysics, astrophysics, quantum physics, theoretical and experimental physics, nuclear physics, acoustics, thermodynamics, optics, m = millimeter m = nanometer m = kilometer, 10 6 m = megameter, 10 9 m = gigameter, m = terameter m = centimeter, 10 3 m = millimeter, 10 6 m = micrometer, 10 9 m = nanometer. 8. Name and describe one aspect always included in the lab write-ups: Title, Lab members, Objective, Experimental set-up, Graphs. 9. Give one reason why lab notebooks are crucial to the scientific process: Reproducibility, Record keeping, prevents repetition of unproductive experiments/work, growth of knowledge, reminder or mistakes/changes. 10. Describe one measuring tool with both metric (SI) and imperial units: Speedometer has mph and km/hr. 11. What is the language of physics (and science)? Mathematics! 12. Define accuracy and precision: Accuracy means actual value, known value, highly reproduced value, accepted value. Precision refers to the quality in multiple measurements. See image below. 13. Describe an everyday physics phenomena. 5

6 GS 104, Exam Review 2 Motion 1. Define a scalar: magnitude, pure number or value 2. Define a vector: number (magnitude) with a direction 3. Define position: The location of an object. Vector. 4. Define speed: Rate of change of an object s position in time. Distance/time. Scalar. 5. Two measurements needed to calculate average speed are...? Time and distance. 6. Define velocity including units: Speed with a direction. Vector. (m/s) 7. Define acceleration including units: Rate of change of an object s velocity in time. Velocity/time. Vector. (m/s2 ) 8. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with constant velocity. 9. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with positive constant acceleration. 10. Draw a motion diagram of a person running with negative constant acceleration. 11. If given an acceleration graph, how do you find the velocity graph? Area under acceleration plot. 12. If given a velocity graph, how do you find the position graph? Area under velocity plot. 13. If given a position graph, how do you find the velocity graph? Slope of position plot. 14. If given a velocity graph, how do you find the acceleration graph? Slope of velocity plot. 15. Practice actually finding these graphs, not just knowing how. 6

7 3 Gravity 1. Homework #3 questions: Particularly the graphing solutions. 2. Value of g on Earth including units and direction: g = 9.8 m/s 2 and always points toward the ground (the negative is accounted for by saying it points toward the ground). 3. Is g (gravity) a force or acceleration? g is an acceleration. 4. What is (universal) gravity dependent on? What object causes gravity? Mass or the Earth. 5. A lead brick and a wood brick of the same shape and size are dropped from the top of Madrone Hall. Ignoring air resistance (or assuming it is the same for both bricks due to same shape), is there a time difference between the two objects reaching the ground? No, both will hit at the same time. 6. Draw a motion diagram of a ball being released from the top of Madrone Hall. 7. Does the ball dropped fall a longer distance near the roof or near the ground given a 0.1 second time frame? Why? Near the ground. The initial velocity is zero near the roof and larger near the ground. 8. If Madrone Hall is 20m tall, how many seconds does it take for the ball to fall? 2 seconds. 9. My keys are thrown straight up. What is the velocity at the top of its flight? Zero. 10. My keys are thrown straight up. What is the acceleration at the top of its flight? -9.8 m/s Describe the changing velocity of my keys. Similar to Problem 5 in HW 3. 4 Projectile Motion 1. Homework #4 questions 2. Look over Projectile Motion simulation. 3. What does 2D mean? What are those 2Ds? What are the two axes of projectile motion? 2D means two-dimensions. Horizontal (x) and Vertical (y) distance. 4. Describe what projectile motion is. Give a real world example. Combination between horizontal and vertical components of motion. 5. Define component. (Don t worry about the trig [sines and cosines] stuff) A vector is made up of horizontal and vertical components. The components are elements or parts that make up the vector. The component of a vector is the influence of that vector in a given direction (horizontal or vertical). 6. Is free fall a type of projectile motion? Yes, free fall is a special case of projectile motion in which the horizontal motion is entirely zero. Only the vertical motion is changing. 7. Given a ball rolled across the table and a ball dropped at the instant the rolled ball leaves the table, do the balls hit the ground at the same time? Problem 2 in HW 4. Yes. The horizontal component (in line with the table) of speed does not change the time it takes for the ball to fall to the ground. Both balls will hit the ground at the same time. 8. Does changing the mass of the projectile change the location the object hits on the ground? No. 7

8 9. To hit the same location on the ground, as the speed increases, what does the (absolute value) angle do? Increases. 10. Which angle(s) give you the largest range (horizontal distance)? 45, exact middle between 0 and Which angle(s) give you the largest height (vertical distance)? Is the vertical component of velocity constant or non-constant in projectile motion? Non-constant. Gravity. 13. Is the horizontal component of velocity constant or non-constant in projectile motion? Constant. No acceleration in the horizontal direction. 14. Write out and understand the three kinematic equations. (Let this be last on the list. Do what you can.) x f = x 0 + v 0 t at2 (1) v f = v 0 + at (2) x f = x (v f v 0 )t (3) 8

9 5 Forces 1. What is a force? Push or Pull. 2. Is weight a force? Yes. 3. Define weight and mass: Weight = mass*gravity = F g. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. 4. Describe normal force: Force pushing up by a support structure like a table. 5. List one contact and one non-contact force: Contact - applied, normal, friction. Non-contact - gravity. 6. What causes an initially moving hockey puck to finally come to rest? Friction. 7. Describe Newton s 2nd Law in words: The sum of the forces of an object indicates how the object will behave. If the object has a net force, the object will accelerate. If the object does not have a net force, the object will remain in its previous state. A constant velocity has no acceleration. So an object with no net force could remain moving at a constant velocity forever. 8. Describe Newton s 1st Law in words: A special case of Newton s 2nd law, in which the net force is zero. An object is motion, remains in motion. An object at rest, remains at rest. Unless otherwise acted upon. 9. Describe Newton s 3rd Law in words: Two objects in contact have an equal and opposite pointing push or pull on each other. It is difficult to tell which object is doing the pushing or pulling. Depends on the system! 10. When riding in a car and someone quickly hits the brake, you fall forward. Which of Newton s laws explain why? Newton s 1st. 11. I am pushing a box across a carpet. How many forces are acting on the box and what are they called? Four forces. Force due to gravity (F g ), normal force (F N ), applied pushing force by me (F A ), frictional force (F f ). 12. In a game of tug-of-war, I pull with 100 N and your group pulls with 100 N. If there were a spring scale in the middle, what would it read (in N)? 100 N. You can think of it as each side pulling 50 N. 13. When no forces act on moving objects, their paths are normally...straight, circles, ellipses, or all the previous? Straight. *This is from circular motion. Don t stress over this question.* 9

1 Science/Physics. 2 Motion. GS 104, Final Exam Review

1 Science/Physics. 2 Motion. GS 104, Final Exam Review 1 Science/Physics 1. Homework #1 questions: Look over units of measure questions and solutions. 2. Name a subfield within science 3. Name a subfield within physics 4. 10 3 m = meter? (Prefix) 5. 10 9 m