Unit 1: Mechanical Equilibrium

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1 Unit 1: Mechanical Equilibrium Chapter: Two Mechanical Equilibrium Big Idea / Key Concepts Student Outcomes 2.1: Force 2.2: Mechanical Equilibrium 2.3: Support Force 2.4: Equilibrium for Moving Objects 2.5: Vectors An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. Key Concepts An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. You can express the equilibrium rule mathematically as F = 0. For an object at rest on a horizontal surface, the support force must equal the object s weight. Objects at rest are said to be in static equilibrium; objects moving at constant speed in a straight-line path are said to be in dynamic equilibrium. The sum of two or more vectors is called their resultant. At the conclusion of Unit 1 Student will be Explain the idea of equilibrium and define the term force. Explain the idea of equilibrium and define the term force. Discover that when forces acting on an object are balanced the object will be in equilibrium. Visually represent the idea of mechanical equilibrium and balanced forces. Discover that an upward force is provided from the table. Explain how vectors are used and how they can be added. Visually and mathematically combine parallel and perpendicular vectors. 1. What is the difference between force and net force? 2. How are forces visually represented and added? 3. How can you express the equilibrium rule mathematically? 4. How are support force and weight related? 5. How are static and dynamic equilibrium different?

2 Unit 2: Newton s First Law of Motion - Inertia Chemistry of Life Big Idea / Key Concepts Student Outcomes Every object continues in a state of rest, or of uniform speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero net force. At the conclusion of Unit 2 Student will be Explain how force is related to the motion of an object. Chapter: Three 3.3: Galileo on Motion 3.4: Newton s Law of Inertia 3.5: Mass a Measure of Inertia Key Concepts Friction is the force that acts between materials that touch as they move past each other. The property of a body to resist changes to its state of motion is called inertia. Newton s first law states that every object continues in a state of rest, or of uniform speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero net force. The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia and the more force it takes to change its state of motion. Weight is the force of gravity on an object. Weight depends on an object s location. The mass of an object is the same whether the object is located on Earth, on the moon, or in outer space. Define friction and inertia in their own words. Explain Newton s First Law of Motion in their own words. Explain the difference between mass and weight and mathematically solve for each. 1. What is friction and how does it affect motion? 2. What is Newton s First Law of Motion? 3. What relationship does mass have with inertia? 4. How are mass and weight related?

3 Unit 3: Linear Motion Linear Motion Big Idea / Key Concepts Student Outcomes Days You can describe the motion of an object by its position, speed, direction, and acceleration. At the conclusion of Unit 3 Student will be Explain how motion is relative and use a frame of reference to describe motion. Chapter: Four 4.1: Motion is Relative 4.2: Speed 4.3: Velocity 4.4: Acceleration 4.5: Free Fall: How Fast 4.6: Free Fall: How Far 4.7: Graphs of Motion 4.8: Air Resistance and Falling Objects An object is moving if its position relative to a fixed point is changing. You can calculate the speed of an object by dividing the distance covered by time. Speed is a description of how fast an object moves; velocity is how fast and in what direction it moves. You can calculate the acceleration of an object by dividing the change in its velocity by time. The acceleration of an object in free fall is about 10 meters per second squared (10 m/s 2 ). For each second of free fall, an object falls a greater distance than it did in the previous second. On a distance-versus-time graph the slope represents velocity. Describe that speed is a rate of distance traveled in an amount of time. Compare speed and velocity and be able solve the velocity equation. Describe that acceleration is a rate of the change of velocity in an amount of time. Solve problems using the acceleration equation. Describe how speed and distance change for an object in free fall. Explain the meaning of the slope of a distance-versus-time graph. 1. How can you tell if an object is moving? 2. How can you calculate speed?) 3. How is velocity different from speed? 4. How do you calculate acceleration? 5. For a falling object, how does the distance per second change? 6. How is motion represented on a graph?

4 Unit 4: Projectile Motion Projectile Motion Big Idea / Key Concepts Student Outcomes Projectile motion can be described by the horizontal and vertical components of motion. At the conclusion of Unit 4 Student will be Chapter: Five 5.1 Vector and Scalar Quantities 5.2 Velocity Vectors 5.3 Components of Vectors 5.4 Projectile Motion 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally A vector quantity includes both magnitude and direction, but a scalar quantity includes only magnitude. The perpendicular components of a vector are independent of each other. The horizontal component of motion for a projectile is just like the horizontal motion of a ball rolling freely along a level surface without friction. The vertical component of a projectile s velocity is like the motion for a freely falling object. The downward motion of a horizontally launched projectile is the same as that of free fall. 1. How does a scalar quantity differ from a vector quantity? 2. What is the resultant of two perpendicular vectors? 3. How do components of a vector affect each other? 4. Describe the components of projectile motion. 5. Describe the downward motion of a horizontally launched projectile.

5 Unit 5: Newton s Second and Third Law Newton s 2 nd and 3 rd Law Big Idea / Key Concepts Student Outcomes An object accelerates when a net force acts on it. For every force, there is an equal and opposite force. At the conclusion of Unit 5 Student will be Chapter: Six and Seven 6.1 Force Causes Acceleration 6.2 Mass Resists Acceleration 6.3 Newton s Second Law 7.2 Newton s Third Law 7.4 Action and Reaction on Different Masses Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate. For a constant force, an increase in the mass will result in a decrease in the acceleration. Newton s second law states that the acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton s third law states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. A given force exerted on a small mass produces a greater acceleration than the same force exerted on a large mass. 1. What causes an object to accelerate? 2. How does an increase in mass affect acceleration? 3. What is the relationship among an object s mass, an object s acceleration, and the net force on an object? 4. What happens when an object exerts a force on another object? 5. Why do objects that experience the same amount of force accelerate at different rates?