Unit Assessment: Relationship Between Force, Motion, and Energy

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1 Assessment Unit Assessment: Relationship Between Force, Motion, and Energy Instructions Check your understanding with this assessment. 1) Lifting a 20,000 N anvil one meter requires 20,000 joules (newtons/meter). How much effort is required to raise a 5,000 N anvil one meter? A) 20,000 joules (newtons/meter) B) 5,000 joules (newtons/meter) C) 40,000 joules (newtons/meter) D) 500 joules (newtons/meter) The correct response is B. Work = force x distance; so 5,000 N x 1 meter = 5,000 joules (newtons/meter). 2) If an object is moving at a constant speed and a force pushes it in the same direction, the object will. A) stop moving B) slow down C) accelerate D) keep moving in the same direction The correct answer is C. The object will accelerate because the new force is pushing it in the same direction. 3) If a force of 10 newtons acts on an object and an additional force of 6 newtons acts in the same direction, what will be the net force on the object? A) 16 newtons B) 4 newtons C) 6 newtons D) 60 newtons The correct answer is A. Since the two forces act in the same direction, they will add to produce a total of 16 newtons. 4) If two opposite forces act on a stationary object at the same time, and one pushes north at 16 newtons and the other pushes south at 12

2 newtons, which way will the object move? A) It will not move. B) east or west C) north D) south The correct answer is C. Because the forces are opposite, the object will move in the direction of the greatest force. 5) One force pushes a stationary object east at 10 newtons, and another force pushes west at 5 newtons. Which way will the object move? A) east B) west C) north or south D) it will not move The correct answer is A. Because the forces are opposite, the object will move in the direction of the greatest force. 6) If two opposite forces act on a stationary object at the same time, and one is stronger than the other, which way will the object move? A) It will move toward the stronger force. B) It will move toward the weaker force. C) It will move at right angles to the two forces. D) It will not move. The correct answer is B. Because the forces are opposite, the object will move in the direction of the stronger force. 7) Two bags of oranges are dropped from a roof at the same time. One bag has two oranges, and the other has 14. Which of the following statements is true? A) Bag two is seven times heavier than bag one so it falls seven times faster than bag one. B) Bag two has seven times the force acting on seven times the mass so it falls as fast as bag one. C) Bag one is seven times lighter than bag two so it falls seven times slower than bag two. D) The force acting on bag one and the force acting on bag two are the same. The correct answer is B. The small force / the small mass = the large force / the large mass since both will fall together at gravity's acceleration rate. 8) How much force does a soccer goalie experience when stopping a ball with the mass of 0.25 kg that accelerates at the rate of 12 meters per second 2? A) 3 N B) N C) 48 N D) N The correct answer is A. Force = mass x acceleration, so 0.25 kg x 12 meters per second 2 = 3 N. 9) An object is accelerating when. A) it is not moving B) it is spinning around C) it is changing speed or direction D) it continues at the same speed The correct answer is C. When an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction, it is accelerating. 10) When the net force applied to a rocket is tripled, its acceleration will be. A) doubled B) tripled C) unaffected D) one-third The correct answer is B. Tripling the force will triple the rocket's acceleration because acceleration = force / mass, and the rocket's mass does not change. 11) What is the mass of a stone that accelerates at the rate of 2 meters/second 2 when a force of 500 N is placed on it? A) 125 kg B) 250 kg C) 1,000 kg D) 2,000 kg 2

3 The correct answer is B. Mass = force/ acceleration, so 500 N/2 meters/second 2 = ) A bicyclist is traveling at 5 meters per second. Going up a hill, the velocity increases to 8 meters per second in 3 seconds. What will the acceleration rate be going down the hill? A) 1 meter per second 2 B) 9 meters per second 2 C) 39 meters per second 2 D) 4.3 meters per second 2 The correct answer is A. (Final velocity - initial velocity) / time; so (8-5)/3 = 1. 13) Two identical plastic bottles are dropped at the same time from a high tower. One of the bottles is completely filled with water and the other is only half full of water. Which of the following statements is true? A) The amount of water doesn't matter because there is no air resistance. B) The bottles have the same air resistance, but the filled bottle is heavier and will hit the ground first. C) The bottles experience different air resistances so the lighter bottle will hit before the filled bottle. D) The bottles will hit at the same time because they are accelerating due to gravity and they encounter the same air resistance. The correct answer is D. The bottles have the same shape so, therefore, the same air resistance, and any effect on their acceleration due to gravity would be the same. 14) On Earth a gallon of milk has the same mass as a gallon of milk in space, but it has a different. A) weight B) inertia C) amount of matter D) volume The correct answer is A. An object's weight depends on the amount of gravity present. Its mass is the same regardless of gravity. 15) The force that prevents a ball rolling on the ground from continuing on its path forever is. A) inertia B) gravity C) friction D) mass The correct answer is C. Friction is a force that acts in a direction opposite the motion of a moving object. 16) Newton's first law states that an object must travel at a constant speed and in, unless some outside force compels it to change. A) a straight line B) a curved path C) a cyclic motion D) a wave-like manner The correct answer is A. An object will follow a straight line path unless some force causes it to change. 17) Mass is a measure of which of the following quantities? A) energy B) matter C) space D) motion The correct response is B. Mass is one measure of matter. 18) What happens to an object thrown in space? A) It continues to move in the same direction, but eventually it slows down by itself. B) It continues in the same direction, speeding up all the time. C) It continues to move in a circular path. D) It continues to move in the same direction unless it hits something or is affected by gravity or another force. The correct answer is D. An object in motion stays in motion unless it hits something or is affected by another force. 19) A hammer striking a nail drives it into a surface. What effect does the nail have on the hammer?

4 A) It has no effect. B) It pushes back against the hammer. C) It speeds up the hammer. D) It has no effect on the hammer but it moves the nail. The correct answer is B. Forces occur in pairs, so the nail resists the motion of the hammer, as does the surface. 20) Forces occur in pairs. If the first one is called the action force, the second would be the. A) moving force B) resistance force C) reaction force D) normal force The correct answer is C. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs. 21) Newton's third law of motion states that. A) for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction B) an object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant velocity C) acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object D) whenever an object is falling, gravity pulls it down The correct answer is A. When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force. 22) Which of the following best completes this sentence? In every interaction, forces occur in. A) specific places B) single units C) one direction only D) pairs The correct answer is D. Force must occur in pairs because without an action force there cannot be a reaction force. 23) A ball is dropped from a bridge, and the force of gravity pulls it toward the ground. Ignoring air resistance, how does the force the ball exerts on Earth compare to the force of gravity? A) It is the same, and it pulls Earth toward the ball. B) It is much smaller than gravity and does not affect Earth. C) It is much smaller than gravity and pulls Earth toward the ball. D) It is the same and has no effect on Earth. The correct answer is A. Earth and the ball pull each other equally. Since Earth's mass is so much larger than the ball's mass, the ball accelerates much faster toward Earth than Earth accelerates toward the ball. 24) A balloon is inflated and then released. What causes it to fly forward? A) The air around it pulls it forward. B) The shrinking of the balloon moves it forward. C) Air escaping from the back of the balloon pushes in the direction opposite the motion. D) Air escaping from the back surrounds the balloon and pulls it forward. The correct answer is C. For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. 25) The rate an object accelerates depends on. A) whether it is already moving B) its mass and the strength of the force C) how long the force acts on it D) the direction of the force The correct answer is B. The rate of acceleration depends on the strength of the force and the mass of the object on which the force is acting. 26) The same force acts on four objects with different masses. Which mass would experience the greatest acceleration? A) 20 grams B) 60 grams C) 100 grams D) 200 grams The correct answer is A. The smaller mass would experience the greatest acceleration. 27) A force acting on an object will cause it to. A) increase its mass

5 B) move at a constant speed C) decrease its mass D) accelerate The correct answer is D. A force acting on an object will cause it to accelerate. 28) What's the relationship between acceleration and velocity? A) Acceleration is a change in velocity. B) Velocity is a change in acceleration. C) Velocity and acceleration are the same thing. D) Acceleration is velocity just in a straight line. 29) When does a car accelerate? A) only when it slows B) only when it speeds up C) when it speeds up, slows, or turns D) when it travels at a constant speed 30) When a car goes around a corner at 20 mph, why do we say it accelerates? A) The car is accelerating because the velocity is constant. B) The car accelerates because it's going 20 mph. C) Cars accelerate when they are in motion. D) The car is accelerating because it's changing direction. 31) km per hour (kph) is a unit that describes which of the following? A) velocity B) direction C) position D) speed 32) Knowing both distance and time are necessary to determine which quantity? A) position B) direction C) speed D) motion 33) Which statement about velocity is true? A) If you know velocity, you know speed. B) If you know only speed, you know velocity. C) You do not know direction if you know velocity. D) You can know velocity even if you do not know direction. 34) The following statement is incorrect: Velocity describes how fast an object is moving. Which of the following makes it correct? A) Speed describes how fast an object is moving. B) Velocity describes in what direction an object is moving. C) Velocity describes how fast an object is moving in a unit of time. D) Velocity describes the motion and position of an object. 35) What quantities are needed to describe velocity? A) distance, location, and speed B) distance, time, and direction C) direction, time, and position D) time, direction, and area

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