The role of power electronics in electrical power utilization

Transcription

1 Lecture 1 - Introduction The role of power electronics in electrical power utilization Power Input Input Filter Switching onverter Output Filter Power Output Load ontroller Electrical and mechanical variables eference Inputs The reference inputs almost invariably have multiple objectives, such as input power factor, EMI containment, tight regulation of output voltage, current or frequency, output ripple or waveform quality, efficiency, protection and so on. Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-1 F. ahman

2 Linear VS switched-mode converter + v DS or v E Transformer v GS or i B ontroller v d V ref + V o Load A Supply Diode ectifier Filter Voltage egulator Load v d (t) max range min V o t Δi or Δv B gs Δv or Δv E Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-2 F. ahman DS

3 An example of switched mode converter: T v oi L V o D Load V sense I sense ontroller v L - V o 0 t V o v oi V o 0 t on i L t off I L = I o t Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-3 F. ahman

4 Applications of power electronic converter circuits esidential efrigeration Space heating Air conditioning ooking Lighting Transportation Electric trains, trams, vehicles Battery chargers Subways onveyor systems apid transit systems Power supplies for consumer products omputers ommercial Heating, ventilating, airconditioning efrigeration Lighting omputers & office equipment Uninterruptible power supplies Utility Systems High-voltage D-D transmission Static VA compensation enewable energy sources (wind, PV, fuel cells) Boiler feed systems Energy storage Elevators Industrial Pumps ompressors Blowers and fans Machine tools Aerospace Space vehicle power systems Satellite power systems Aircraft power systems Aircraft controls Arc and induction furnaces Lighting Welding Process plants Telecommunications Battery chargers Power supplies Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-4 F. ahman

5 Types of converter circuits Broad classification (building blocks of more complex systems): 1. A - D (uncontrolled) * 2. A - D (controlled) 3. D - D (non isolated) * 4. D - D (isolated) * 5. D A * 6. Hard switched & soft switched * 7. esonant 8. A-A * onverter circuits which will be covered in this course. Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-5 F. ahman

6 ommonly used converter circuits T L V o D Load V sense I sense ontroller The Step-down (Buck) converter and controller V o < ******************************************** i d i L D i D + v L T i c V o + I o (Load) The Step-Up (Boost) converter V o > ******************************************** Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-6 F. ahman

7 T D i D i L L V o i d + I o The Buck-Boost onverter V o > or < ******************************************** i d N 1 :N 2 D i o v 1 v 2 T i T Isolated Flyback (Buck-boost) converter Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-7 F. ahman

8 i d N 1 : N 2 D1 i D1 L i L I o v 1 v 2 D2 + v L V o T v T i T Isolated Forward (Buck) converter ******************************************** N 1 N 2 D 1 i L L v 1 v 1s v oi + v L V o v 2 v 2s N 1 N 2 T 1 T 2 D 2 Isolated push-pull converter ******************************************** Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-8 F. ahman

9 1 T 1 /2 + v 1 N 2 N 2 D 1 i D1 L i L I o + v oi + v L V o 2 T 2 N 1 D 2 Isolated Half-bridge converter D s1 i L L T 1 T 4 T 3 D 1 D 3 + v 1 N 1 D T 2 4 D 2 N 2 N 2 v 1s v 2s + v L v oi V o I o D s2 Isolated Full-bridge converter Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-9 F. ahman

10 B T1 D1 A L T2 Half-bridge D-A single-phase inverter i d T 1 D 1 A i o L + v o T 3 B D 3 T 4 D 4 T 2 D 2 Full-bridge D-A single-phase inverter Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-10 F. ahman

11 P i d + /2 0V T1 D1 T3 A T5 D3 D5 B i a i b i c T4 D4 T6 D6 T2 D2 N /2 A B Three-phase D-A inverter i 1 D 1 i L v s i p V max sinωt v o L Vmax sinωt i 2 D 2 Single-phase A-D rectifier circuits Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-11 F. ahman

12 v o n v an v bn v cn i a i b i c D 1 D 3 D 5 D 4 D 6 D 2 i L Load L Three-phase A-D rectifier circuit 3-phase A Supply I d /2 I d /2 I d Load Six-phase A-D rectifier Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-12 F. ahman

13 Vmax sinωt Single-phase boost rectifier for sinusoidal input current v o n v an v bn i a i b i c D 1 D 3 D 5 i L L D 4 D 6 D 2 v cn Three-phase A-D boost rectifier for sinusoidal input current. * Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-13 F. ahman

14 ~ ~ ~ 3-phaseA T1 T4 D1 A D4 T3 T6 D3 B D6 T5 T2 D5 D2 Three-phase A-D boost rectifier with bi-directional power flow * Diode-clamped multilevel inverter/rectifier (m = 5) * Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-14 F. ahman

15 Five-level capacitor-clamped multilevel converter Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-15 F. ahman

16 a b c a i a i A A i a i b i c S Aa S Ba Sa S Aa S Ab S Ac i A A b i b S Ab S Bb S b i B B SBa SBb SBc i B B c i c i S a S b S c i SAc S Bc S c = or etc. (a) (b) Three-phase to three-phase matrix converter i p T1 T3 i L + V max sinωt v o T4 T2 Single-phase A-D phase controlled rectifier. Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-16 F. ahman

17 v o n v an v bn v cn ia i b i c T 1 T 3 T 5 D 4 D 6 D 2 i L L Three-phase A-D phase controlled rectifier. 3-phase A Supply I d /2 I d /2 I d Six-phase A-D phase controlled rectifier. Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-17 F. ahman

18 Single- and multi-stage power converters A/D Input from Utility onverter A/D Output to Load Single-stage conversion A/D from Utility onverter 1 onverter 2 A/D Output to Load ontrol circuits ontrol circuits Two-stage conversion Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-18 F. ahman

19 Examples PV Array 100V 340V Grid Boost onverter PV inverter systems Single-phase inverter Generator ectifier/inverter Ind Gen A B A B Grid onverter for wind energy systems Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-19 F. ahman

20 Automobile traction drive systems Lecture 1 - Introduction 1-20 F. ahman