The Input-Output Analysis of Construction Industry in West China. Ke Bin Zhang 2, b

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1 Applied Mechaics ad Materials Olie: ISSN: , Vols , pp doi:1.428/ 214 ras ech Publicatios, Switzerlad he Iput-Output Aalysis of Costructio Idustry i West Chia Hog Bo Li 1, a Ke Bi Zhag 2, b 1, 2 School of Civil Egieerig, Kumig Uiversity of Sciece ad echology, Kumig, Chia a Lihb213213@163.com, b @qq.com Key Words: costructio idustry, data evelopmet aalysis (DEA), iput-output, west of Chia. Abstract: I order to obectively evaluate the iput-output efficiecy of the costructio idustry i the wester regio, this passage aalyzes the iput ad output status of each costructio areas i the west i 212 by establishig DEA model, ad i compare with the atioal average. Results showed that: i 212, the iput-output efficiecy of costructio, the highest values i the wester regio is Guagxi Provice, the lowest i ibet, ad the overall efficiecy of the maority of the wester regio higher tha the atioal average, Fially, the passage poited out the isufficiecies about iput-output of costructio idustry developmet i some wester areas, ad propose recommedatios for improvemet. Itroductio I recet years, such mai of costructio market as the atioal key proects, urba public trasport ad other ifrastructure costructio, real estate developmet ad costructio of ew socialist coutryside are growig vitally. I 27 the costructio output value of west regio of Chia was 84. billio RMB, i 212 was billio RMB, a icrease of billio RMB at a average growth rate of 24.8%, the growth is very fast. I 212, the umber of employees i the costructio idustry of the wester regio accouts for about 18% of the total of coutry [1]. Costructio idustry provides a large umber of obs for urba ad rural residets, ad trasfers the rural surplus labor. With the deepeig of urbaizatio ad cotiuous developmet of the wester regio, the developmet of the wester regio will take advatage of the ifrastructure ad resources to build a prosperous costructio market. However, the developmet of Chia's costructio idustry to a large extet depeds o active fiscal policy of years ad rapid growth of the scale of Chia's fixed asset ivestmet. Overall, Chia's costructio idustry is still growig i scale, maagemet is extesive ad less effective. he costructio idustry as a importat pillar idustry of atioal ecoomy, is i its ogoig process of developmet, its total output ot oly gets attetio, but the productivity should also be icreasigly cocered. Data evelopmet aalysis (DEA) method is a very effective method used to evaluate the relative effectiveess with the same structure decisio makig uit (DMU), is maily used to deal with typical problem of multi-iput multi-output[2]. Whe usig the DEA model to evaluate the efficiecy of the decisio-makig uit, o eed to cosider ay form of expressio betwee iput output idicators, distictive black box approach. herefore, DEA method with multiple iput ad multiple output idicators evaluate the relative efficiecy of decisio makig uits is very effective. All rights reserved. No part of cotets of this paper may be reproduced or trasmitted i ay form or by ay meas without the writte permissio of ras ech Publicatios, (ID: , Pesylvaia State Uiversity, Uiversity Park, USA-4/3/16,2:44:3)

2 2354 Architecture, Buildig Materials ad Egieerig Maagemet IV Methodology Data evelopmet aalysis (Data Evelopmet Aalysis, DEA) was first proposed by Chares, Cooper ad Rhodes i 1978, which is a o-parametric method evaluated multiple decisio makig uit (DMU) efficiecy ad effectiveess. Its basic idea is to set up a mathematical programmig model, make the relative efficiecy evaluatio of each decisio makig uit[3]. his paper selects CCR ad BCC evaluatio model is most widely used i the DEA method to evaluate respectively comprehesive efficiecy ad techical efficiecy of each decisio makig uit, ad ca calculate the scale efficiecy by comprehesive efficiecy ad techical efficiecy (comprehesive efficiecy = techical efficiecy scale efficiecy) [4]. CCR model is as follows: output for each divisio.θ as the comprehesive efficiecy idex, (1) Where, assumig there are decisio uio DMU, ad m kids of iput ad s kids of λ is the weight vector of iput or output. x = ( x1 x2 x m) > is the iput idex vector of the decisio makig uit, y = ( y1 y2 y s) > is the output idex vector of the decisio makig uit, he two colum vectors ( s ad s + ) stad for slacks regardig iputs ad outputs. e = (1,1,,1) E m, e = (1,1,,1) E s. Whe θ = 1, weak DEA efficiet; Wheθ = 1, ad s = s + =, DEA effective; Whe θ <1, DEA is ivalid[3]. I order to determie the effectiveess of techology, as log as λi =1 is itroduced ito the formula (1), a BCC-DEA model ca be obtaied. i= 1 m i + θ ε ( e s + e s ) s. t. = 1 λ x + s = θ x + λ y s = y = 1 λ, = 1, 2,..., + s, s I view of the above model ca ot do further evaluatio ad compariso for relatively efficiet DMUs. herefore, to use the improved super efficiecy DEA model for sortig DEA effective decisio-makig uit[5]. Super efficiecy DEA model [4]is as follows: m i + θ ε ( e s + e s ) s. t. λ = 1 = 1 λ x + s = θ x + y s = y, = 1, 2,..., s λ, s + (2)

3 Applied Mechaics ad Materials Vols he basic idea of this model is: I the evaluatio of a decisio makig uit, the decisio makig uit itself excluded from the collectio of the decisio-makig uits, compare the evaluated uit with the liear combiatio of all other evaluatio uit, you ca get improved DEA model---super efficiecy DEA model ad its related parameters iterpretatio with (1) the same. Results Figures ad tables.i order to clearly describe the costructio of the wester regios of the iput-output efficiecy, this study regard the wester regios as the decisio-makig uits, costructio ivestmet (costructio idustry total assets(x 1 ), the umber of employees i the costructio idustry(x 2 ), costructio eterprises at the ed of its ow costructio machiery et(x 3 )) as iput idicators, costructio idustry output (he total output value of costructio idustry(y 1 ), the total profit ad tax of costructio eterprises (Y 2 )) as output idicators. Use iput ad output idicators data of 212 wester regioal costructio[1], through the establishmet ad use of CCR, BBC model ad the modified super efficiecy SE-DEA model, ad applicatio of software MALAB programmig to calculate. O the costructio idustry i wester regios i 212 iput-output efficiecy aalysis, results i table 1. Area ab.1 he computed results based o iput ad output idicators Output Iput idicators idicators Comprehesive redudat iadequate Efficiecy θ Y 1 Y 2 X X X echical Scale Efficiecy Efficiecy Returs to scale λ Super-efficiecy K= value θ Chogqig Sichua Guizhou Yua ibet Guagxi Shaxi Gasu Qighai Nigxia Xiiag Ier Mogolia Natioal average Aalysis of Result. he results i table 1, it ca be foud that: (1) O the comprehesive efficiecy evaluatio valueθ. Comprehesive efficiecy evaluatio value θ betwee ad 1, the higher the θ value, the higher the ratio of output to iput[6]. he θ value of 1 idicates that compared with other regios of the iput-output ratio reached the best

4 2356 Architecture, Buildig Materials ad Egieerig Maagemet IV results. I the table, comprehesive efficiecy valueθ = 1 has seve provices ad regios, ad are higher tha the atioal average he θ value of 1 idicates that seve regios of at least weak DEA effective, there may be valid DEA. Further observatios of these seve areas there is o redudat iput ad output does ot lack, so they are valid DEA. I other words, the iputs ad outputs of these seve areas relative to the rest of the wester regios are relatively reasoable, ratioal allocatio ad optimizatio of productio factors. he rest regios are i DEA ivalid state, ad are affected by scale efficiecy. ibet, which is most affected by the scale efficiecy, makig the ibet comprehesive efficiecy is the lowest i the etire wester regio. (2) O techical efficiecy ad scale efficiecy. echical efficiecy value reflects the amout of ivestmet i a give premise decisio uit for maximum output capacity was the size, scale efficiecy is reflected i the decisio makig uit is put uder the most appropriate scale of operatio[7]. echical efficiecy of calculatio results are i most areas relatively active. Oly Yua, Gasu ad Qighai three regioal techology i a relatively ivalid state, which leads to the existece of redudat iput i these three areas. he reaso is that these three regios did ot ivest i techology to achieve the best results, the local costructio eterprises iadequate ivestmet i research ad techology, less efficiecy of techology ito productivity. he effective scale has seve regios ad these regios techology effective, so the overall efficiecy of a seve areas i a relatively optimal state. Void where more scale ad the scale of the etire costructio idustry i Chia are i a relatively iactive state, ad ultimately affect the overall efficiecy ad scale gais value. Ad is see by the scale value : Sichua, ad are ow i the coutry decreasig returs to scale throughout the state led to a declie i efficiecy scale, ad Yua, Gasu ad Qighai three regios i terms of scale ad techology are relatively ieffective, ad the overall efficiecy value is low, it descriptio of these three areas over the previous scale itegratio ot oly from the wester regio but also from improved techology ad equipmet to improve efficiecy, thereby improvig the local costructio idustry iput-output efficiecy. (3) O the Ecoomies of scale. Maily depeds o the ecoomies of scale of K value, if K= 1, idicates the costat returs to scale decisio makig uit, which meas that a ivestmet i a retur. If K<1, showig that the decisio makig uit i the state of icreasig returs to scale. Referrig to relative to the origial iputs, outputs, icreased each iput ca be more tha oe output. If K>1, showig that the decisio makig uit i the state of decreasig returs to scale[3]. I the table, Sichua ad atioal returs to scale K values more tha 1, i the state of decreasig returs to scale. Idirect also shows the developmet of the costructio idustry i most regios heavily depedet o the growth of scale, however, the wester regio is ot the same. Returs to scale value K=1, there are seve regios, plus the comprehesive efficiecy of the value of these areas are a further descriptio of the costructio idustry iputs ad outputs of these areas are relatively reasoable, effective ad efficiet way should keep this sustaiable developmet. Despite Yua, ibet, Gasu, Qighai ad Nigxia s θ <1, but its K<1, explai that these areas despite the existece of certai iputs, outputs irratioality, but have a greater potetial for developmet. However, although the ibet techology is relatively i effective state, but the scale efficiecy idex is oly.643, thus due to the ifluece by special geographical ad climatic factors i ibet, to large-scale developmet i the local costructio idustry there are certai difficulties. (4) O the super-efficiecy value. Super-efficiecy SE-DEA model for DEA ieffective decisio makig uit calculatio results are cosistet with the results calculated CCR model, ad for effective decisio-makig uit DEA calculatios are greater tha 1, so the DEA efficiecy of decisio makig uits for further compariso. Super efficiecy values idicate a effective decisio uit ca icrease their iput ad remais the largest proportio of the value of the relative

5 Applied Mechaics ad Materials Vols effectiveess[4]. Such as Guagxi, the maximum super efficiecy value of the wester regio, which meas that the costructio idustry i Guagxi Provice, the largest ivestmet i accordace with the origial expad times ad still remai relatively active. Combied with returs to scale value ca be see i the wester regios except Sichua Provice, the costructio developmet i the rest of regio has a big potetial. It seems that i the coutry, a large degree of developmet of the costructio idustry depeds o the growth of scale. Coclusios hrough the aalysis of the wester regioal costructio iput-output ca be see: (1) Overall, he regios of the wester costructio idustry i differet stages of the developmet. Yua, ibet, Gasu ad Qighai i stage of iadequate ivestmet scale. Ad Yua, Gasu ad Qighai i the techology relatively ivalid state, ad Sichua i the state of decreasig ecoomies of scale. Blidly expad the scale of ivestmet i the costructio idustry ad the shortage of advaced techology pheomeo exists, resultig i a overall efficiecy is ot high, so we ca see the developmet i most areas of the costructio idustry is still extesive. Advaced iformatio techology, maagemet techiques should gradually apply to all eterprises, makig the costructio of a sigle labor itesive idustries toward the directio of capital itesive, techology itesive, labor-itesive combiatio develop. (2) Ecoomies of scale K i some provices value greater tha 1.Such as Sichua ad the atioal average, it should be timely ad reasoable to reduce the ivestmet scale, avoidig ivestmet i low resource utilizatio which led to a waste of resources. Especially i ibet ad Qighai costructio iput-output efficiecy at a low level i the wester regio, although the techology is relatively effective, but o ecoomies of scale, so it should arouse local attetio to the developmet process of costructio idustry, reasoable expasio of ivestmet scale, optimize the allocatio of resources. I the light of the area that ecoomies of scale K value is less tha 1 should icrease ivestmet i advaced techology ad maagemet experiece, etc., reasoable expasio of ivestmet scale, give full play to the wester regio of the costructio idustry potetial. So, i the ratioal use of idustrial policy, developmet of scale ecoomy, promotig idustrial structure adustmet at the same time, icrease the techical reewal ad techological trasformatio of the capital iput to improve the productio efficiecy of Chia's costructio idustry. (3) Level of developmet of the costructio idustry is closely coected with the coutry's ecoomic developmet level, the developmet of ecoomy support the costructio idustry, ad the developmet of the costructio idustry promote the developmet of ecoomy. Although there is a certai gap betwee the costructio idustry i west regio ad Easter relatively developed area compared to the level, but the wester developmet strategy makes the wester regio's ecoomy develop rapidly, the costructio idustry has great potetial for developmet. Refereces [1] Iformatio o [2] W. Rodder, E. Reucher. Advaced X-efficiecies for CCR- ad BCC-models-towards Peer-based DEA cotrollig. Europea Joural of Operatioal Research,212(219): [3] Qualig Wei. Data Evelopmet Aalysis [M] Beiig: Sciece Press, 24. [4] Zheli Wei, Peg Zhao. Efficiecy Evaluatio of Beiig Itelliget raffic Maagemet System Based o super-dea, Joural of rasportatio, 212, 12(3):19-23.

6 2358 Architecture, Buildig Materials ad Egieerig Maagemet IV [5] Yao C. Rakig efficiet uits i DEA. he Iteratioal Joural of Maagemet Sciece, 24, 32(6): [6] I.M.Horta,A.S.Camaho. Performace assessmet of costructio compaies: A study of factors promotig fiacial soudess ad iovatio i the idustry. Joural of Productio Ecoomics, 212(137): [7] Zhogfu Li, Huimo Wag. A Study o Productio Efficiecy of Chiese Costructio Idustry Based o DEA. Joural of Systems ad Maagemet,211, 2(3):

7 Architecture, Buildig Materials ad Egieerig Maagemet IV 1.428/ he Iput-Output Aalysis of Costructio Idustry i West Chia 1.428/