Survivable Virtual Topology Mapping To Provide Content Connectivity Against Double-Link Failures
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1 BONSAI Lab Srvivable Virtal Topology Mapping To Provide Content Connectivity Against Doble-Link Failres Ali Hmaity Massimo Tornatore Franceo Msmeci
2 OUTLINE Motivations Srvivable virtal topology mapping problem Network connectivity Vs content connectivity Problem statement Case-stdy & reslts Conclsions & ftre works Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 2
3 CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS (CDNS) Improved ser experience Bandwidth Redce probability of link congestion Redce energy consmption Redce delay Availability A single server is easily overloaded Load balancing Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 3
4 THE EVOLUTION OF CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS Social media Online gaming Electronic payment transactions Mltimedia streaming...etc End-to-end End-to-content Sorce: Index, Cio Visal Networking. "Forecast and Methodology, White Paper, Cio, 2015." Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 4
5 DATA LOSS IN THE CLOUD Leading cases of Data loss Hardware or software malfnction 32% Hman error 44% Others 16% 8% Natral disasters Sorce: Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 5
6 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRUPTIONS FOR CDN PROVIDERS (I) Total loss of connectivity More than 6 hors to recover from failre Failre de to hardware malfnction Sorce: Q State of the Internet Report - AKAMAI Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 6
7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRUPTIONS FOR CDN PROVIDERS (II) Partial loss of connectivity More than 1 week to recover from failre Failre de fiber ct ndersea Sorce: Q State of the Internet Report - AKAMAI Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 7
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRUPTIONS FOR CDN PROVIDERS (III) Total loss of connectivity More than 3h to restore connectivity Government shtting down internet dring national exams days Sorce: Q State of the Internet Report - AKAMAI Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 8
9 HOW CAN A CDN PROVIDER OVERCOME TOTAL LOSS OF CONNECTIVITY DURING FAILURE EVENTS? The idea is to perform a srvivable design combined with an optimal content placement to allow the CDN provider to contine the content distribtion ntil the failre recovery from single/mltiple failres is done. Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/2016 9
10 IMPACT OF PHYSICAL LAYER FAILURES CDN provider Logical network Vertical correlated caading failres case failres of mltiple logical connections in the pper layers. Physical network Horizontal correlated caading failres case more failres on the physical layers. Initial failre introdces loss of mltiple network elements. Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
11 NETWORK CONNECTIVITY VS CONTENT CONNECTIVITY Traditional metric: Network connectivity Reachability of all nodes from any point in the network. B C Proxy server Origin server A F D New metric : Content connectivity H E Reachability of the content from any point in the network. CDN provider virtal network ** Falt-Tolerant Virtal Network Mapping to Provide Content Connectivity in Optical Networks, M. F. Habib et al. Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
12 NETWORK CONNECTIVITY VS CONTENT CONNECTIVITY (II) Network connectivity Content connectivity Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
13 CONTENT CONNECTIVITY AGAISNT DOUBLE-LINK FAILURES Two factors: Srvivable virtal topology mapping Optimal content placement Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
14 NETWORK CONNECTED SURVIVABLE MAPPING B C B C A D A D F E F E A Logical Topology B C D A B Non-Srvivable Mapping C D No possible srvivable mapping F E F E **Menger s theorem Physical Topology Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/ Network-Connected Srvivable Mapping**
15 CONTENT CONNECTED SURVIVABLE MAPPING B C A D F E A Logical Topology B C D A B C D Content Connectivity is still garanteed F E Physical Topology F E Content-Connected Srvivable Mapping Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
16 PROPOSED DESIGN SCENARIOS Design enario Failre type Srvivable mapping Content connectivity ** (CC1) Optimal content placement Single-link - Network connectivity (NC1) Network connectivity + Content connectivity (NC1+NC2) Single-link - Doble-link Content connectivity (CC2) Doble-link - Network connectivity (NC2) Doble-link - ** Falt-Tolerant Virtal Network Mapping to Provide Content Connectivity in Optical Networks, M. F. Habib et al. Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
17 PROBLEM STATEMENT Given Physical topology Logical topology Potential data center locations Objective Minimize the resorce sage (i.e., wavelength channels) While Flow constraints Data center placement constraints Capacity constaints Otpts Optimal roting Optimal placement of data centers Integer Linear programming Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
18 VARIABLES P st ij 0,1 : s, t E L mapped over physical link i, j E A d 0,1 : Virtal node s V L can get content c C in data center d D Mapping virtal links to physical links Content placement R d c 0,1 : Content c C is replicated at data center d D α z st 0,1 : Failre of physical link z E disrpts the logical link (s, t) E L F c st z {0,1}: Virtal node V L can get content c C sing logical link (s, t) E L after a failre occrs in z Z Select distrbed Virtal links Reachability to data center after single-link failres T st z1 z 2 0,1 : Virtal node V L can get content c C sing logical link (s, t) E L after a first failre occrs in z 1 E and a second failre occrs in z 2 E h that z 1 z 2 Reachability to data center after doble-link failres Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
19 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) S V L, (i, j) E Mapping virtal links to physical links s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E P st ij W (s,t) i, j E Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
20 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) P st ij W (s,t) S V L, (i, j) E i, j E Content placement s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
21 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) P st ij W (s,t) S V L, (i, j) E i, j E s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E Select disrpted virtal links Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
22 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) S V L, (i, j) E s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E P st ij W (s,t) i, j E Srvivable mapping constraint Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
23 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) S V L, (i, j) E s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E P st ij W (s,t) i, j E Capacity constaint Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
24 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) P st ij W (s,t) S V L, (i, j) E i, j E s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E Reachability constraints Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
25 INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FORMULATION (NC1+CC2) 1 i = s σ j: i,j E P st ij σ j: j,i E P st ji = ቐ 1 i = t 0 otherwise s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E R cd A d d D, c C, s V L F c st st z α z F c st zi F c st zi V L, c C, s, t E L, z E + F c st zj 1 V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E, F st zj V L, c C, s, t E L ; z i, z j E R cd K c C d D P st ij /M α st z (i,j) z (i,j) z P ij st s, t E L, z Z j: i,j E T ts zi z j j: j,i E 1 A d = s D 1 = s A d s D 0 otherwise P st ij + P st ji < CS(S, V L S) s,t CS(S,V L S) P st ij W (s,t) S V L, (i, j) E i, j E s, t E L, c C, (i, j) E, z i, z j E Objective fnction: Minimize σ (s,t) EL σ (i,j) E P ij st Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
26 CASE STUDY & RESULTS Physical topology Logical topologies DC DC NSFNET (14 Nodes, 22 bidirectional links) Connectivity degree (β) Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
27 Nmber of Wavelenght channels RESOURCE USAGE COMPARISON Disaster locations: All Physical links Limited set of potential data center locations Nmber of data centers: 2 Limited nmber of wavelength per link CC1 CC2 NC1 NC1+CC2 NC2 0 0,29 0,47 0,57 0,71 1,00 β Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
28 Nmber of wavelength channels EFFECT OF REPLICAS Assmptions: Logical topology β = CC1 CC2 NC1 NC1+CC2 NC2 60 All nodes are assmed to hold a data center Nmber of data centers Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
29 CONCLUSIONS For the proposed logical topologies, we show that it is possible to garantee content connectivity with minimm resorces and with a limited nmber of data centers. CC1 reqires almost the same amont of resorces as NC1 for all design enarios No impact of the logical topology It is possible to garantee continity of the service after doble-link failres with less resorces NC1 + CC2 reqires 53% less resorces with respect to NC2 on 8 node mesh virtal network with average node degree eqal to 3 Especially when NC2 is not applicable Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
30 Nmber of wavelength channels FUTURE WORKS Investigate theoritical bonds of content connectivity Design an heristic to solve the problem for large instances Solve the problem nder new constraints h as latency, storage capacity and content categorization CC1 CC2 NC Nmber of data-centers Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
31 Q & A Thank yo Ali Hmaity - DEIB - Politecnico Di Milano DRCN 2016 PARIS 15-17/03/
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