Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties A quantitative study

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1 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties A quantitative study Maarten Van Craenenbroeck Silke Puystiens Lars De Laet Danny Van Hemelrijck Marijke Mollaert

2

3 Biaxial testing of fabrics is not standardised for various reasons Young material

4 Biaxial testing of fabrics is not standardised for various reasons Young material Complex material

5 Biaxial testing of fabrics is not standardised for various reasons Young material Complex material Protection of technologies

6 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties Testing methodologies Deriving the material parameters Inter-laboratory research

7 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties Testing methodologies Deriving the material parameters Inter-laboratory research

8 Biaxial samples have been tested on the in-house biaxial rig using various protocols

9 The fabric used in these tests was a regular type 2 polyester-pvc fabric Sioen T2107 Polyester-PVC fabric Weight 1050g/m² Tensile strength warp 80kN/m Tensile strength weft 80kN/m Tear strength warp 600N Tear strength weft 500N

10 The protocol described in MSAJ M is still the only real standard when testing fabrics

11 An adaptation from the MSAJ protocol was used as default testing protocol

12 As a first variation the order of load ratios was changed

13 The second variation used a different starting ratio

14 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties Testing methodologies Deriving the material parameters Inter-laboratory research

15 For the standard protocols, changing the start ratio impacted the results the most Stress (kn/30cm) :1 Warp Weft Default profile Altered sequence Altered start ratio Stress (kn/30cm) 7 6 Stress (kn/30cm) 1:2 Weft 2:1 7 6 Warp Warp 4 3 Weft

16 For the standard protocols, changing the start ratio impacted the results the most Stress (kn/30cm) :1 Warp Weft Default profile Altered sequence Altered start ratio Stress (kn/30cm) 7 6 Stress (kn/30cm) 1:5 Weft 5:1 7 6 Warp Warp 2 1 Weft

17 Even with the intermediate 1:1 ratio in place, slight changes of the protocol can impact the results Ex Strain minimisation Stress minimisation Default profile Altered sequence Altered start ratio Ey

18 Even with the intermediate 1:1 ratio in place, slight changes of the protocol can impact the results vx Strain minimisation Stress minimisation Default profile Altered sequence Altered start ratio vy

19 Further research aims to quantify the practical impact and extend the testing possibilities Change the loading limits Change the prestress ratio Impact on various computational simulations Impact of the testing equipment

20 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties Testing methodologies Deriving the material parameters Inter-laboratory research

21 Different institutions have different technologies and methodologies Newcastle University (NCL) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Politecnico di Milano (PoliMi)

22 By investigating different parts, variations in the results can be quantified Compare biaxial test data Looking at the raw stress-strain data Compare resulting constants Investigating the influence of small variations on the processed data Compare different material models Modelling the biaxial test using various material models and compare these to reality

23 Next to testing fabrics, the biaxial test will be modelled using various material models Linear elastic cable net (Easy; VUB) Linear elastic with variable Poisson s coefficient (Sofistik; EMPA) Hyperelastic (Abaqus; PoliMi) Elasto-plastic (Abaqus; UGent) Neural Networks (NCL)

24 All data is compared to each other and simulations are compared to the reality ε xx DIC Visualisation ε yy DIC Visualisation

25 All data is compared to each other and simulations are compared to the reality 3 test institutions VUB, NCL, PoliMi 5 material models = 28 comparisons

26 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties Testing methodologies Deriving the material parameters Inter-laboratory research

27 Biaxial testing of fabric materials and deriving their material properties A quantitative study Maarten Van Craenenbroeck Silke Puystiens Lars De Laet Danny Van Hemelrijck Marijke Mollaert

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