3-dimensional joint torque calculation of compression sportswear using 3D-CG human model
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1 3-dimensional joint torque calculation of compression sportswear using 3D-CG human model Akihiro Matsuda, University of Tsukuba Hirokazu Tanaka, University of Tsukuba Hitoshi Aoki, University of Tsukuba Takatsugu Shimana, Mizno Corp.
2 Introduction Mechanical effect of compression wear to human body is important design issues Measurement of stress distribution of compression wear in dynamic motion is difficult One concept of the design for competitive swimwear is to keep the flat body One concept of the design for compression sportswear is to support knee joint 2
3 Objective Our purpose is to develop numerical methods To visualize force and deformation of swimwear and compression sportswear To calculate joint torque generated by swimwear and compression sportswear 3
4 Hard Compression Sportswear Current compression wear and swimwear are made of chemical fiber Show high extensibility and anisotropy Can compress and deform human body But, it shows different stiffness on tensile direction σ Warp soft ε Weft Hard 4
5 Compression Sportswear Current competitive swimwear are made of chemical fiber They shows stress softening Shows softening according to the experienced maximum elongation For example, we tensile sportswear material as elongations correspond to 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8. They shows stress softening
6 Material modeling 6
7 Anisotropic Hyperelastic Model Anisotropic hyperelastic model Represent the mechanical properties by a strain energy function W Strain energy function W Give stress by W S 2 C We divided W into three parts W Total W Isotropic W (1) Anisotropi c W (2) Anisotropi c
8 Anisotropic Hyperelastic Model Stress Softening Function Represents the stress softening according to experienced elongation of warp and weft fibers by the following equation Stress softening of warp and weft fibers are represented independently 1 (1) (1) S( I ) 111 exp max 11 I4 max 4 (2) (2) S( I ) 122 1exp max 22 I4 max ( 1 ) ( 2 ) I 4 max, I 4 max : The experienced elongation,, γ 11, γ : Material Parameters α11 α
9 Anisotropic Hyperelastic Model Stress Softening Function Finally, We propose following potential function to consider nonlinear anisotropic elasticity stress softening according to experienced elongation W Total W Isotropic S( I (1) 4 max ) W (1) Anisotropi c S( I (2) 4 max ) W (2) Anisotropi c 9
10 Cyclic Tensile Loading Test Test specimen 73% of Nylon and 27% of Polyurethane 30mm in width 120mm in length 0.20mm in Thickness Fiber orientation angle θ θ = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 Cyclic tensile test 5 cycles of tensile loading correspond to stretch of 1.4(40%), 1.5(50%), 1.6(60%), 1.7(70%) and 1.8(80%) were applied to specimens Loading speed:1.0 mm/sec 10
11 Comparison with Test Results 0 Material parameters of theoretical formula were identified using the test results (0, 45 and 90 ) Nonlinear anisotropic elasticity and stress-softening are considerable 11
12 3-Dimensional Computer Graphics of Human Model 12
13 3-Dimensional Computer Graphics of Human Model Computer graphical model of human body were prepared to investigate human motions during exercise Swimming, running Strain of skins were calibrated by human subjects 3D-CG of human Swimwear model Compression wear model 13
14 Deformation of Sub-mesh Assumptions of simulation 1. The swimwear and compression sportswear were fixed to human body 2. Displacement and deformation of sub-mesh were same as 3- dimensional human model (friction is not considered) % of stretch in horizontal direction and 120% in vertical direction were applied as initial stretch 14
15 Stress Calculation Result: Crawl MPa One cycle motion was represented by 3D-CG images of 45 sheets Maximum Cauchy stress in length direction are plotted Reproduced that maximum Cauchy stress in left and right half were alternately increased 0 15
16 Calculation Result: Butterfly MPa Butterfly motion was represented by 33 sheets of 3D-CG images Reproduced that maximum Cauchy stress in left and right half were symmetric 0 16
17 Calculation Results: Running High stress distribution were found around hip and knee joints 17
18 Evaluation of Hip Joint Torque Calculate hip joint torque of crawl using the following equation : R i : F i W i : T N i 1 W i R i F Position vector of each node from the hip joint Load vector of each node Weight function to hip torque i Positive torque 18
19 Torque Calculation Results: Crawl Hip joint torques in crawl were plotted Positive value mean extension torque Wearing this swimwear gives us extensional support 19
20 Effect of Initial Stretch on Hip Joint Torque Average torque [N m] Hip joint Initial nominal stretch of width direction Average torque [N m] Hip joint Initial nominal stretch of body length direction Hip joint torques were calculated with different initial stretch in width and length direction to evaluate the effect of wearing the swim wear Initial stretch in horizontal(width) direction is effective to produce better support 20
21 Effect of Fiber Orientation Angle on Hip Joint Torque Average torque [N m] Hip joint Fiber orientation angle [ º] Effect of fiber orientation angle on hip joint torque was possible to calculate by proposed anisotropic model Fiber orientation angle between 150 to 180 degree show better support to keep flat body 21
22 Conclusion Stress distribution and hip joint torque were calculated using the combination of the proposed material model and 3-dimensional computational graphic model. From the cyclic tensile loading test of sportswear, an anisotropic material modeling was proposed. From numerical simulation, some design key-points like hip joint torque from swimwear and knee support function of compression wear were investigated. Now, we working on evaluation of knee joint torque given by compression sportswear to calibrate our simulation method. 22
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