ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY :: NAGARJUNANAGAR CBCS -B. Sc. GEOLOGY Syllabus With effective from

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1 ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY :: NAGARJUNANAGAR CBCS -B. Sc. GEOLOGY Syllabus With effective from S.No Semester Title of the Paper Max.Marks. 1 Semester-I P-I Physical Geology & Crystallography Lab-I Physical Geology & Crystallography External -- 75Marks Internal -- 25Marks Assignments - 5 Marks Attendance - 5 Marks Mid Exam - 15 Marks Total: Marks

2 ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY :: NAGARJUNANAGAR CBCS -B. Sc. GEOLOGY Syllabus With effective from SEMESTER-I Paper- I - Physical Geology&Crystallography Unit -I General aspects. Definition of geology - Basic assumptions of Geology - Its relationship with other sciences - Branches of geology - Aim and applications of geology.earth as a planet: its shape, size, and density - movement and then effects. Origin and age of the earth. Geological process - exogenic and endogenic.definition of weathering- types of weathering of rocks- Physical and chemical; Definition of erosion and denudation, cycle of erosion; erosion, transportation and deposition; agents of erosion. (12 hrs) Unit-II Rivers: Erosion, transportation and deposition of river (fluvial) cycle in different stages -Development of typical land forms by river erosion and deposition. V or V-Shaped valley.u-shaped valley.waterfall alluvial form, meander, ox-bow lake-flood plane, natural plane, peneplain and deltas.types of rivers. Groundwater: Storage of ground water - porosity, permeability, aquifer, water table, zone of saturation, artesian well, spring, geysers - development of typical land form by erosion and deposition by groundwater [Karst toppography] sinkhole, cavern, Stalactities and stalagmites. Glaciers: Definition of a glacier - types of glaciers - development of typical land forms by glacial erosion and deposition cirque, hanging valley, Rocks-monadnocks. Morains, drum-line, kames, eskorsand varves. Characteristic features of glaciated regions (12 hrs) Unit-III Seas: offshore profile - land forms of sea - marine deposits and coral reefs. Lacustrine deposits. Wind: Development of characteristic features by wind (arid cycle), erosion and deposition - pedestal rock - mushroom topography - Incelberg - Ventifacts-sand dunes. Earthquakes: Cause, kinds of earthquake waves, and mode of propagation, intensity of earthquakes, Ritchers scale - seismograph and seismogram. Effects of earthquakes, earthquake zones - Interior of the earth based on seismic theory - Volcanoes: origin, products of Volcanoes. Introduction of concepts of Continental Drift & Plate tectonics: (12hrs) Unit-IV Definition of a crystal - amorphous and crystalline states. Morphology of Crystals - face, edge, solid angle, interfacial angle.forms: Simple, combination, closed 2

3 and open forms.symmetry: Plane, axis, center. Crystallographic axes. Parameters,indices; crystallographic notation - parameter system of Weiss, index system of Miller. Classification of crystals into systems. Morphological study of the following classes of symmetry I. Cubic system Galena type II. Tetragonal system - Zircon type Unit-V Morphological study of the following classes of symmetry III. Hexagonal system - Beryl type IV. Trigonal system - Calcite type. V. Orthorhombic system - Barites type VI. Monoclinic system - Gypsum type - VII. Triclinic system - Axinite type Twinning: Definition of twinning, Laws of twinning and Types of twinning Text books: 1. Holmes Principles of Physical Geology- D.L. Holmes 2. Physical Geology - A.N. Stracher 3. A book of Physical Geology - A K Datta 4. An Introduction to Crystallography - R.C. Phillips 5. Essential of Crystallography- E. Flint. (12 hrs References: 1. Basic Physical Geology- E.S. Robinsion 2. The evolving Earth: A text in Physical Geology - E.S. Sawkins. et al. 3. Physical Geology- B.F. Malloryand D.N. Gargo 4. A textbook of mineralogy - E.S. Dana and W.E. Ford 3

4 ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY :: NAGARJUNANAGAR LAB-I (Practicals) 100 Marks At the end of First semester Practical-I- Physical Geology &Crystallography Identification of geomorphological featuresof Geomorphological Models. Study of symmetry, and form of the Normal classes of seven crystal systems of the following: I. Cubic system Normal (Galena) II. Tetragonal system Zircon type III. Hexagonal system Beryl type IV. Trigonal system Calcite type V. Orthorhombic system Barites type VI. Monoclinic system Gypsum type VII. Triclinic system Axinite type 4

5 Acharya Nagarjuna University B.Sc Geology SEMESTER-II Paper-II- Mineralogy & Optical Mineralogy Unit - I Definition of a mineral - classification of minerals into rock forming and ore forming minerals. Physical properties of minerals - Colour, streak, transparency, lustre, form, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, fracture and specific gravity. Silicate structures- isomorphism, solid solution, polymorphism, allotropy,pseudomorphism and radioactivity Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the following mineral groups: Olivine, Garnet and Aluminium silicates. (12 hrs) Unit-II Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the following mineral groups: Pyroxenes, Amphiboles and Mica (12 hrs) Unit-III Study of physical properties, chemical properties and mode of occurrence of the following mineral groups: Quartz and its varieties, Feldspars, and feldspathoids Miscellaneous: Staurolite, Tourmaline, Zircon, Calcite, Corundum and Apatite. (12 hrs) Unit-IV General Principles of optics, Refraction, Reflection Snell s law, Critical angle, total reflection.isotropic and anisotropic minerals. Polarised light, refractive index, double refraction, uniaxial and biaxial minerals Nicol prism and its construction. (12hrs) Unit-V Petrological microscope (Polarising) - its mechanical and optical parts optical properties of Minerals - extinction, pleochroism and interference colours.optical Properties of important minerals (12hrs) 5

6 Text books: 1.A textbook of mineralogy - E.S. Dana and W.E. Ford. 2. Rutleys elements of mineralogy - H.H. Reed 3. Elements of Crystallography - F.A.Wade and R.B.Matrix Reference Books: 1. Manual of mineralogy - C.S. Hurlbut and C.Klein 2. Mineralogy for students - M.H. Batey. 3. An introduction to rock forming minerals - Deer, Howie, and zussman. 4. Elements of mineralogy - Mason and Bern. 5. Essential of Crystallography- E. Flint. LAB-II (Practicals) 50 Marks At the end of Second semester Practical-II- Mineralogy and Optical mineralogy Study of physical properties and diagnostic features of the following mineral: Quartz Jasper, Agate, Chalcedony, Amethyst, Orthoclase, Microcline, Anorthite, Enstatite, Hypersthene, Augite, Hornblende, Actinolite, Tremolite, Asbestos, Muscovite, Biotite, Phlogopite, Olivine, Epidote, Garnet, Kyanite, Sillimanite, Andalusite, Beryl, Zircon, Apatite, Corundum, Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Flurospar and Serpentine. Study of optical properties of the following minerals: Quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline, Plagioclase, Hypersthene, Augite, Tremolite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite, Olivine, Epidote, Garnet, Kyanite, Beryl, Calcite, Chlorite, sillimanite and Leucite. 6

7 Acharya Nagarjuna University B.Sc Geology III-SEMESTER Paper- I I I - Igneous Petrology and Sedimentalogy U n i t - I N a t u r e a n d s c o p e o f p e t r o l o g y - d e f i n i t i o n o f r o c k, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f r o c k s i n t o i g n e o u s, s e d i m e n t a r y a n d m e t a m o r p h i c. D i s t i n g u i s h f e a t u r e s o f t h r e e t y p e s o f r o c k s. F o r m s - L a v a f l o w s, I n s t r u s i o n s, s i l l s, l a c c o l i t h, l o p o l i t h, d y k e s, r i n g d y k e s - v e s i c u l a r, a m y g d a l o i d a l, b l o c k l a v a, r o p y l a v a, p i l l o w, f l o w, a n d s h e e t s t r u c t u r e s. C o l u m n a r a n d p r i s m a t i c s t r u c t u r e s U n i t - I I T e x t u r e s - D e f i n i t i o n o f t e x t u r e, m i c r o - s t r u c t u r e, d e v i t r i f i c a t i o n - H y p i d i o m o r p h i c, p a n d i o m o r p h i c, p o r p h y r i t i c, p o i k i l i t i c, o p h i t i c, i n t e r g r a r t u l a r, i n t e r s e r t a l, t r a c h y t i c, g r a p h i c a n d m i c r o - g r a p h i c t e x t u r e s. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f i g n e o u s r o c k s - C I P W a n d Tyrrellt a b u l a r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n. D e s c r i p t i v e s t u d y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g r o c k t y p e s : G r a n i t e, S y e n i t e, D i o r i t e, P e g m a t i t e, G a b b r o, P y r o x e n i t e, D u n i t e, D o l e r i t e, R h y o l i t e, T r a c h y t e a n d B a s a l t U n i t - I I I C o m p o s i t i o n a n d c o n s t i t u t i o n o f m a g m a - C r y s t a l l i s a t i o n o f m a g m a - U n i c o m p o n e n t, b i n a r y s y s t e m, e u t e c t i c a n d s o l i d s o l u t i o n s. Origin o f i g n e o u s r o c k s - B o w e n ' s r e a c t i o n p r i n c i p l e, d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n a n d a s s i m i l a t i o n o f m a g m a. Unit - IV S o u r c e s o f s e d i m e n t s - m e c h a n i c a l a n d c h e m i c a l w e a t h e r i n g, m o d e s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n, s t r a t i f i c a t i o n. S e d i m e n t a r y s t r u c t u r e s - T y p e s o f b e d d i n g, s u r f a c e m a r k s, d e f o r m e d bedding, s o l u t i o n s t r u c t u r e s. U n i t - V C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s ; c l a s t i c - r u d a c e o u s, a r e n a c e o u s, a r g i l l a c e o u s, n o n - c l a s t i c - - c a l c a r e o u s, c a r b o n a c e o u s, e v a p o r i t i e s. D e s c r i p t i v e s t u d y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s - c o n g l o m e r a t e, B r e c c i a, S a n d s t o n e, G r i t t, A r k o s e, S h a l e a n d l i m e s t o n e. 7

8 T e x t b o o k s 1. P r i n c i p l e s o f p e t r o l o g y - G. W. T y r r e l l 2. S e d e m e n t a r y R o c k s - F. J. P e e t t i j o h n Reference Books: 1. Igne ous Petrology - Hyndman 2. A Text book of sedime ntary petrology - Verma& Prasad 3. Petrology of the se dimentary rocks - J.T. Greehsmith 4. Pe trology of the igne ous rocks - F.KHatch, Wells and Wells. L A B - I I I ( P r a c t i c a l s ) 5 0 M a r k s A t t h e e n d o f T h i r d s e m e s t e r P r a c t i c a l - I I - Igneous Petrology and Sedimentalogy M e g a s c o p i c a n d m i c r o s c o p i c s t u d y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i g n e o u s r o c k s : D u n i t e, P e r o d o t i t e, G r a n i t e, S y e n i t e, D i o r i t e, G a b b r o. D o l e r i t e, R h y o l i t e, B a s a l t a n d P e g m a t i t e. M e g a s c o p i c a n d m i c r o s c o p i c s t u d y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s : C o n g l o m e r a t e, B r e c c i a, S a n d s t o n e, A r k o s e, G r i t t, S h a l e, L i m e s t o n e a n d i t s v a r i e t i e s. 8

9 Acharya Nagarjuna University B.Sc Geology IV-SEMESTER Paper-IV- Metamorphic Petrology and Structural Geology U n i t - I M e t a m o r p h i s m - a g e n t s o f m e t a m o r p h i s m, t y p e s o f m e t a m o r p h i s m, g r a d e s a n d z oneso f m e t a m o r p h i s m. S t r u c t u r e s o f m e t a m o r p h i c r o c k s - C a t a c l a s t i c, m a c u l o s c, s c h i s t o s e, g r a n u l o s e a n d g n e i s s o s e. T e x t u r e s o f m e t a m o r p h i c r o c k s - c r y s t a l l o b l a s t i c, x e n o b l a s t i c. U n i t - I I C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ofm e t a m o r p h i c r o c k s. C a t a c l a s t i c m e t a m o r p h i s m o f a r g i l l a c e o u s a n d a r e n a c e o u s r o c k s. T h e r m a l m e t a m o r p h i s m o f argillaceous,arenaceous and calcareous rocks. Dynamothermal me tamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous and igne ous rocks. Descriptive study of the following me tamorphic rocks - Gne iss, schist, slate, phyllite, quartzite, marble, Charmockite and khondalite. Unit-III Definition of structural geology - aim and objectives of the structural Ge ology; importance of study of structures - primary and secondary structures; outcrop, attitude of beds strike and dip. Use of clinometer and Brunton compass. Folds -de scription, nomenclature of folds - Ge ometrical and genetic classification. Recognition of folds in the field. Unit-IV Joints-Classification of Joints- ge ometrical and genetic classification. Faults geometrical and ge netic classification of faults, re cognition of faults in the field. Unit-V U n c o n f o r m i t i e s - t y p e s o f u n c o n f o r m i t i e s. R e c o g n i t i o n o f u n c o n f o r m i t i e s i n t h e f i e l d. D i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e f a u l t s f r o m u n c o n f o r m i t i e s. D e f i n i t i o n s o f o v e r l a p, o u t l i e r, c l e a v a g e, s c h i s t o s i t y, f o l i a t i o n a n d l i n e a t i o n 9

10 Text books 1. The principles of petrology - G. W. Tyrrell 2. Metamorphic petrology - B.Bhaskar Rao 3. Structural Ge ology - Marlarid. F. Billings. Reference Books: 1. P e t r o l o g y o f I g n e o u s a n d M e t a m o r p i c r o c k s. - H y n d m a n 2. Structural Geology - L.U. De Setter 3.An outline of structural Geology - E.S. Hills L A B - I V ( P r a c t i c a l s ) 5 0 M a r k s A t t h e e n d o f F o u r t h s e m e s t e r P r a c t i c a l - I V : M e t a m o r p h i c P e t r o l o g y a n d S t r u c t u r a l G e o l o g y M e g a s c o p i c a n d m i c r o s c o p i c s t u d y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g r o c k s : S c h i s t, G n e i s s, Q u a r t z i t e, M a r b l e, s l a t e, p h y l l i t e, c h a r n o c k i t e a n d k h o n o d o l i t e. S t u d y o f t o p o g r a p h i c a l m a p s : I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f s i m p l e g e o l o g i c a l m a p s w i t h h o r i z o n t a l a n d i n c l i n e d b e d s. U n c o n f o r m i t y, f o l d s a n d f a u l t s w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e t o p o g r a p h y a n d s t r u c t u r e, g e o l o g i c a l s u c c e s s i o n a n d h i s t o r y. G e o l o g i c a l S e c t i o n d r a w i n g ( a t l e a s t 8 m a p s ) P r o b l e m s d e a l i n g w i t h t r u e d i p a n d a p p a r e n t d i p. B o r e - h o l e d a t a t h i c k n e s s a n d w i d t h o f t h e o u t c r o p a n d d i p o f t h e b e d s ( A t l e a s t 8 p r o b l e m s f o r e a c h m e t h o d ). 10