Ultracold Quantum Gases
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1 Ultracold Quantum Gases
2 Thomas Busch
3 Ultracold Quantum Gases Group
4 founded
5 2006
6
7
8
9 Currently
10 4 group members
11 Thomas Busch
12 John Goold
13 Suzanne McEndoo
14 Brian O'Sullivan
15 Tony Blake Donal O'Donoghue Tomas Ramos Brendan Cahill Colm Kelleher Jimmy Brophy
16
17 we
18 are
19 a theoretical group
20 however
21 sometimes
22 we
23 like to
24 do
25 experimental talks.
26 what do we work on?
27 (as the title suggests)
28 ultracold quantum gases
29 however...
30
31 will not talk about
32 specific work we do
33 but
34 rather about
35 why we do the things we do
36 or
37 in different words
38 why we bother with
39 ultracold quantum gases
40 Two reasons, really
41
42 we want to know
43 what are their
44 fundamental properties?
45
46 How can we make them useful?
47 Ad
48
49 (fundamental properties)
50 why choose ultracold atoms?
51 answer:
52 (very general answer)
53 matter in extreme conditions is always interesting
54 don't believe me?
55 ask
56 Paddy
57 Denise
58 Paul
59 Sile
60 Niall
61 Mike
62 John
63 Frank
64 Andy
65 Stephen
66 Michel
67 Dave, Paul, Andrew or Bob
68 who will
69 (hopefully)
70 enthusiastically talk about
71 fast hot small extremely large far away slow dense theoretical
72 etc...
73 so
74 what kind of extreme
75 gives us our transcendental kick?
76 cold
77 ultracold
78 atoms
79 @
80 nano-kelvin
81 T~10-9 K
82 pico-kelvin
83 T~10-12 K
84 which are
85 (modestly speaking)
86 simply
87 the coldest systems in the universe
88 and they are available
89 right here
90 in lots of labs on earth!
91 Now
92 because T is low
93 energies are low
94 dynamics is restricted
95 which means that
96 fundamental effects appear very clearly!
97 Example: Higgs Boson
98 (high energy)
99
100 Example: Bose-Einstein Condensate
101 (low energy)
102
103 dramatic difference
104 clean signals
105 which
106 help to
107 isolate fundamental effects
108 to better understand
109 fundamental theories:
110 1. quantum mechanics
111 2. statistical physics
112 the other side we care about
113 Ad
114
115 applications
116 you might wonder:
117 applications???
118 YES!
119 there are quite a few...
120 1. precision metrology
121 which includes
122 interferometry
123 and
124 atomic clocks
125 2. model systems
126 to isolate effects in other (not so clean) systems
127 a. solid state
128 highly complex systems
129 fundamental effects shadow each other
130 meet
131 optical lattices
132 1. take standing waves in three spatial direction 2. trap atoms in the intensity extrema
133
134 advantage
135 clean, cold, highly controllable
136 a) simulate all kinds of known solid state systems
137 e.g.
138 high T C superconductivity
139 b) find new states of matter
140 example
141 b. high energy physics & astro physics
142 believed theoretical phase diagram of strong interaction
143 i.e. what do quarks when?
144
145 centre of neutron stars
146 (Paul???)
147
148 are these really all the phases physically possible?
149 Theory: NO
150 FFLO phase (predicted by Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin & Ovchinnikov)
151 anisotropic, crystalline 'BCS' state
152 Experimentalists:
153 well
154 kind of hard to do experiments in the centre of a neutron star
155 (two spin electrons: Meissner effect)
156 meet
157 ultracold quantum gases
158 turns out that the
159 existence
160 FFLO phase
161 depend only on
162 differences in Fermi energies
163 between the different quarks
164 (given by their different masses)
165 and
166 Fermi energies
167 at low temperatures
168 depend on particle numbers only
169 BCS ΔE F
170 the question
171 ultracold quantum gases
172 therefore can answer is:
173 will the system still be
174 superfluid?
175 molecules Cooper pairs MIT
176 3. quantum computing
177 what do I need?
178 highly controllable systems
179 controllable on quantum scale
180 and
181 at the same time
182 low decoherence
183 Does that sound like
184 impossible, like?
185 well
186 no
187 ultracold quantum gases
188 combined with
189 quantum optical tools
190 are perfect!
191 ultracold quantum gases almost no phonon modes essential for quantum computing almost no interactions quantum optical tools essential for quantum computing highly developed techniques
192 therefore
193 LAST but not LEAST
194 4 th Year Project
195 How
196 can one create
197 the most general
198 spatial quantum superposition state of a single atom?
199 START:
200
201 carry out a physical process
202 FINAL STATE:
203
204 where we want to have full control over!
205 But
206 when I said
207 'carry out a physical process'
208 I meant
209 one is only allowed to move the atom.
210 Nothing else.
211 Interested?
212 CONCLUSION
213 if you
214 are interested
215 want to work with us
216 have questions
217 are completely confused
218 please come and talk to us
219 John Goold
220 Suzanne McEndoo
221 Brian O'Sullivan
222 KB 202
223 Thomas Busch
224 KB 215B
225 thank you for your patience and attention (in case you have questions about neutron stars, you are probably better off phoning extension 3211)
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