Solid State Physics (Major, 8 ECTS)

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1 Solid State Physics (Major, 8 ECTS) 1 physicist over 3 in US declares to be a condensed matter physicist (CMP) CMP: solids, amorphous materials, liquids, soft materials 20 CMP physics Nobel prizes + 5 in chemistry This course Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale = Solid State Physics P. Mendels M. Civelli A. Barthélémy

2 SSP: some milestones, electronic properties Transistor: electronic devices, nano-devices

3 SSP: some milestones, electronic properties Superconductivity SQUID, MRI, levitation

4 SSP: some milestones, Les supraconducteurs electronic properties

5 Step 1: periodic structures Polonium CuO 2 plane

6 Energy bands Step 2: From individual atoms to CMP Solide Atome

7 Hamiltonian: let s model!

8 Exploring the k space: e - plane wave (k) hv θ e - φ Crystal

9 Graphene 2010

10 e - Transport properties

11 Summary Course prerequisites and corequisites: Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics. Book : Quantum Mechanics by C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, F. Laloë (vol. I and II), Ed Wiley Fundamentals of Statistical Physics. Book : Statistical Mechanics by K. Huang, Ed Wiley. Concepts of Statistical Physics needed for this course can be easily learnt in parallel. Philippe Mendels Fabrice Bert Contents: I Basic model of metals : the free electron gas I-5 Scanning tunneling microscope I-6 Quantization of levels in a magnetic field: quantum oscillations II Crystalline Solids II-1 Structures: crystal lattice and primitive unit cell II-4 Diffraction in practice: lab. X-rays, synchrotron and neutron facilities, electronic microscopy: from formulas to hands on experiments II-5 Beyond crystals: introduction to amorphous solids and soft matter III- Electronic structure of solids IV- Dynamics of electrons V- Electrons at the nanoscale V-1 Coulomb blockade V-2 Band tailoring: heterostructures VI- Semiconductors VI-1 General introduction: Silicium, Germanium, III-V and II-VI families VI-5 Towards applications: diode, LED, solar cells,

12 Magnetism Philippe Mendels Fabrice Bert Agnès Barthélémy

13 From individual spins to magnets

14 Giant magnetoresistance 2007 (Orsay, 1988, système Fe/Cr) ~ + 80% V I

15 Magnetism Basics in magnetism : from atomic magnetism to collective magnetism Macroscopic properties : domains, walls, magnets Spintronics, magnetic recording

16 M2 openings Fundamental concepts in physics: condensed matter physics quantum physics Nanoscience : nanophysics nanodevices

PHY564B Nanomaterials and electronic applications (Minor, 4ECTS) This module introduces recent developments in the field of

The following subjects are addressed: Disordered semiconductors: amorphous, nano- and polycrystalline silicon Silicon

spectroscopies, etc. Electronic applications: photovoltaics, flat panel displays, transistors, sensors, etc.

17 PHY564B Nanomaterials and electronic applications (Minor, 4ECTS) This module introduces recent developments in the field of silicon- and carbon-based semiconducting nanomaterials, as well as their principal electronic applications. The following subjects are addressed: Disordered semiconductors: amorphous, nano- and polycrystalline silicon Silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene: structure and synthesis Characterization techniques for nanomaterials: near-field spectroscopies, etc. Electronic applications: photovoltaics, flat panel displays, transistors, sensors, etc. Requirements : Fundamentals of quantum and statistical physics Si nanowires graphene structure nanowire transistor contact: razvigor.ossikovski@polytechnique.edu

Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) P. Simon & M.

with a small number of degrees of freedom Spins in a magnetic field NMR - A

Bloch sphere quantum superposition of states -2 Quantum communication and quantum

18 Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) P. Simon & M. Ferrier 1st part : Quantum information and quantum computing -1 Quantum systems with a small number of degrees of freedom Spins in a magnetic field NMR - A qubit, contrary to a bit is continuous valued, describable by a direction on the Bloch sphere quantum superposition of states -2 Quantum communication and quantum computing - EPR paradox and Bell inequalities - Quantum teleportation - qubits, computing and decoherence

Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) 1 st part

Bose-Einstein Condensation and superfluidity Bose-Einstein

&Wiemann Fountain effect: consequence of the superfluidity of

19 Quantum Effects at Macroscopic Scale (Minor, 6 ECTS) 1 st part : Superconductivity, superfluids and condensate -1 Bose-Einstein Condensation and superfluidity Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Rb gas observed in Boulder by Cornell &Wiemann Fountain effect: consequence of the superfluidity of Helium-4-2 Superconductivity : macroscopic aspects, microscopic theory, and thermodynamics

20 So# Condensed Ma,er

21 Whar is so# ma,er 20

22 Whar is so# ma,er SM Scale 20

23 A lot of stuff we are familiar with

25 Microscopic Descrip=on Macroscopic Descrip=on

26 Microscopic Descrip=on Sta=s=cal Mechanics Macroscopic Descrip=on

27 Microscopic Descrip=on Sta=s=cal Mechanics Macroscopic Descrip=on

28 Lucasian Chair of Mathema=cs Isaac Newton Years Mathema=cs And Physics Paul Dirac Years Physics Stephen Hawking Years Physics

New Lucasian Chair of Mathema=cs Mike Cates 2015 Sta=s=cal Mechanics and So# Condensed Ma,er The field of so# ma,er is highly interdisciplinary, bringing together methods from areas such as

29 New Lucasian Chair of Mathema=cs Mike Cates 2015 Sta=s=cal Mechanics and So# Condensed Ma,er The field of so# ma,er is highly interdisciplinary, bringing together methods from areas such as elas=city, fluid mechanics, sta=s=cal mechanics, and computa=onal science. In recent years it has expanded to address many problems in biology, including the proper=es of cellular cytoskeletons and collec=ve behaviour of mo=le cells

30 This so# ma,er! FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE Theory Experiment Computer simula.on APPLICATIONS

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Winter Semester 2013 Lecture 02 rachel.grange@uni-jena.de http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/multiphoton Lecture 2: outline 2 Introduction to Nanophotonics Theoretical