UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 1 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Transcription

1 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 1 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Engage Card Sort A greyhound dog can run about 40 mi/hr. A greyhound dog can run about 40 mi/hr. Canadian geese can fly approximately 75 miles in 3 hours. Canadian geese can fly approximately 75 miles in 3 hours. Monarch butterflies fly 12 mi/hr south as they migrate. Monarch butterflies fly 12 mi/hr south as they migrate. A trip from Austin to Dallas takes about 3 hours going 65 mi/hr north. A trip from Austin to Dallas takes about 3 hours going 65 mi/hr north. A car slows from 60 mi/hr to 25 mi/hr. A car slows from 60 mi/hr to 25 mi/hr. A car increases speed from 30 mi/hr to 65 mi/hr. A car increases speed from 30 mi/hr to 65 mi/hr. A car turns left while maintaining the same speed. A car turns left while maintaining the same speed.

2 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 2 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Task Cards Timekeeper Walkers Keep track of the time by announcing the time every 2 seconds (Ready, set, go, 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.). Follow the walking directions listed on the Walker Card. If you don t understand, ask your teacher for clarification. Tool needed: timing device Tool needed: walker direction description card Distance Markers Use small markers to indicate on the track the distance traveled by the walkers at a specific time. Place, not throw, markers on the ground when your time is announced. Determine the distance traveled and give the data to the recorder in your group. Recorders Record the distance of each marker on a data table. Tools needed: data table, pencil Tool needed: time markers

3 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 3 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Data and Graph Paper Walker 1 30 Time (sec) 0 Distance (m) Distance (m) Time (sec) Page 1 of 4

4 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 3 continued Walker 2 30 Time (sec) 0 Distance (m) Distance (m) Time (sec) Page 2 of 4

5 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 3 continued Walker 3 30 Time (sec) 0 Distance (m) Distance (m) Time (sec) Page 3 of 4

6 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 3 continued Walker 4 30 Time (sec) 0 Distance (m) Distance (m) Time (sec) Page 4 of 4

7 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 4 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Distance Markers seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds seconds

8 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 5 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Walking Description Cards Walker 1 Start at 0 meters. Slowly walk at a constant speed heel-to-toe for the entire 20 seconds. Walker 2 Start at 0 meters. Very slowly walk heel-to-toe, then start going a bit faster at 8 seconds and much faster at 16 seconds until 20 seconds. Walker 3 Walker 4 Start at 0 meters. Slowly walk heel-to-toe until 8 seconds and stop. When 14 seconds is announced, begin walking quickly with long steps until 20 seconds. Start at 0 meters. Walk quickly with long steps for 6 seconds. Stop from 6 to 12 seconds. At 12 seconds, turn around and slowly walk heel-to-toe toward the beginning.

9 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 6 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration KIM Column Key Word Information Memory Clue distance speed velocity acceleration

10 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 7 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration What s the Limit? SPEED LIMIT What does this sign represent? 2. What is the unit of measurement for this sign? What does that mean?

11 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 8 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Graphing Speed Use the graph to answer questions Speed of Migratory Animals Canadian Goose Hummingbird Monarch Butterfly Distance (km) Time (minutes) 1. Which animal has the fastest speed? 2. Which animal travels 5 km in 15 minutes? 3. How far does the hummingbird travel in 60 minutes? 4. How far does the hummingbird travel in 30 minutes? 5. What is the speed in km/hr of the monarch butterfly at 60 minutes? 6. Which of the following statements best describes the velocity of a migrating Canadian goose? A B C D The Canadian goose travels approximately 50 km/hr to the south. The Canadian goose migrates to the north in the summer and to the south in the winter. The Canadian goose travels 48 km/hr during its yearly migration. The Canadian goose travels approximately 15 km/hr faster than migrating hummingbirds.

12 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 9 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Which Is Which? Example of Motion Motion Justification A greyhound dog can run about 40 mi/hr. Canadian geese can fly approximately 75 miles in 3 hours. Monarch butterflies fly 12 mi/hr south as they migrate. A trip from Austin to Dallas takes about 3 hours going 65 mi/hr north. A car slows from 60 mi/hr to 25 mi/hr. A car increases speed from 30 mi/hr to 65 mi/hr. A car turns left while maintaining the same speed.

13 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 10 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Checking for Understanding speed velocity acceleration 1. Butterflies flying south at 12 m/hr 2. A bowling ball rolling 6.4 m/s 3. A roller coaster going over a hill 4. A person biking 12 mi/hr northwest 5. A football just after being kicked 6. A boater canoeing at 26 m/min

14 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 11 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Motion Concept Map WORD BANK acceleration direction distance speed time velocity Changes in motion are measured by uses uses change in and and or No direction required Direction required

15 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 12 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Distance vs. Time 50 F B E Distance (m) C D 0 A Time (sec) 1. Between which two points does the object stop? 2. Between which two points does the object have the greatest speed? 3. Describe and compare the motion of the object between Points A and B to Points B and C. 4. At which points does the object change directions? 5. Calculate the speed at Point E.

16 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 13 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Motion Card Sort Speed Velocity Acceleration The distance traveled in a certain amount of time Speed with a direction A change in the speed or direction A dog is walking 5 meters per minute. A dog is running 18 meters per minute south toward a house. An elevator slows to a stop. A car is traveling 65 mi/hr. A flock of geese flies at a constant speed as it migrates to Canada. A person is parachuting toward Earth. Page 1 of 2

17 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 13 continued A hiker walks 20 miles in 8 hours. A skateboarder travels a constant speed in a northerly direction. A space shuttle lifts off the launch pad. A person hikes 20 miles in one day toward a mountain summit. A bike racer travels 17 mi/hr. A rollercoaster travels on a loop. A football player slows to catch the football and is tackled. Hurricane Ike traveled 9mi/hr WNW (west northwest). A car is traveling on a curved road. Page 2 of 2

18 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 14 Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Assessment Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Choose the best answer for each question. 1 Which of the following is needed to determine velocity? A B C D Direction only Direction and time Distance and direction Distance, time, and direction Use the graph to answer questions 2 and 3. Motorcycle A Motorcycle B 30 Distance (km) Time (minutes) 2 Which motorcycle is the fastest? Explain. 3 Which motorcycle accelerates faster? Page 1 of 4

19 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 14 continued For questions 4 9, identify the appropriate term describing the motion and then support your answer. 4 A motorcycle slows as it comes to a stop sign. 5 A trip from Houston to Galveston will take about 1 hour driving at an average of 60 mi/hr south. 6 A brand new motorcycle goes from 0 to 60 mi/hr in 3 seconds. 7 During rush hour, it takes about 40 minutes to drive to Pasadena travelling at an average of 35 mi/hr. 8 During rush hour, it takes about 45 minutes to drive to Conroe travelling at an average of 40 mi/hr north. 9 A trip to Brownsville will take about 5 hours travelling at an average of 70 mi/hr. Page 2 of 4

20 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 14 continued Use the following diagram to answer questions library 1.2 km friend s house school 3.5 km 1.8 km home 10 A student walks home from school, making two stops on the way home. What is the total distance the student traveled? Use the grid to record your answer to the nearest tenth of a kilometer. Page 3 of 4

21 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 1: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration RM 14 continued 11 The student leaves school at 3 p.m. and arrives home at 5 p.m. What is the student s speed? Use the grid to record your answer to the nearest one-hundredth of a kilometer. 12 What is the unit of measurement for the answer to question 11? A B C D mi/hr cm/min km/min km/hr Page 4 of 4

22 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 15 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Which Way Does It Move? Draw a third arrow on each diagram to show the direction the object will move. Determine if each picture is an example of balanced or unbalanced forces. Then explain why you think the forces are balanced or unbalanced

23 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 16 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Lab Station Cards Station 1 Around and Around 1. Place the marble on the plate. Apply enough force to the marble to make it travel around the lip of the plate without going off the plate. 2. In your science notebook, explain why the marble takes a circular path around the edge of the plate without going off the plate. 3. Place the marble on the lip of the plate that has a section removed. Predict what will happen when you apply enough force to the marble to make it travel around the lip of the plate. Record your prediction. 4. Test your prediction. Explain what occurs. Draw and label a diagram showing the path the marble takes. Analysis Questions 1. How does the edge of the plate exert a force on the marble? 2. How does this activity model the movement of planets in our solar system? 3. How can this model the Moon s movement around Earth? Station 2 Tug of War 1. Place the rubber band on the hooks of two spring scales. 2. Hold the spring scales and apply enough force to have the following readings on each spring scale. 3. Copy the table and record what occurs for each set of readings. 4. Draw and label a diagram for each example. Example Spring Scale A Spring Scale B Movement Result 1 5 N 5 N 2 5 N 10 N 3 10 N 5 N Page 1 of 2

24 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces RM 16 continued Station 3 Dropping the Ball 1. Drop a table tennis ball on a tabletop. Why does the ball fall from your hand to the table? 2. Set the blow-dryer on high speed and low heat. Point the blow-dryer so the air is moving straight up. 3. Hold the table tennis ball about 25 cm above the center of the blow-dryer nozzle. Gently release the ball. If the ball flies off, try again using a different height. Record what happens. 4. Place the table tennis ball above the blow-dryer as directed in step 3. Slowly angle the blow-dryer 90 o to the right or left. Record your observations. Analysis Questions 1. What two forces are exerted on the ball during the investigation? 2. Are the two forces balanced? 3. What do you think happens to an object when forces are balanced? 4. What do you think happens to an object when forces are unbalanced? Page 2 of 2

25 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 17 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Spring Scale A spring scale measures force in units of newtons (N). On Earth, a reading of 100 g of mass on a spring scale indicates about 1 N force of gravity. On the Moon, the force of gravity would be about 1/6 of 1 N of force.

26 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 18 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Balanced and Unbalanced Forces 50 N + 30 N = 80 N net force to the left 50 N to the left 30 N to the left

27 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 19 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Example A Net Forces 1. What is the net force acting on the object? 50 N to the right 50 N to the right 2. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? 3. Describe how the forces will affect the motion of the object. Example B 50 N to the right 50 N to the left 4. What is the net force acting on the object? 5. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? 6. Describe how the forces will affect the motion of the object. Example C 30 N to the left 50 N to the right 7. What is the net force acting on the object? 8. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? 9. Describe how the forces will affect the motion of the object.

28 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 20 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Forces Concept Map Forces can be measured with a are in units of such as can be which results in which causes WORD BANK acceleration balanced change in direction change in motion change in speed friction gravity newtons no change in motion pulls pushes spring scale unbalanced wind

29 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 21 Lesson 2: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Forces Concept Map Answer Key Forces can be measured with a are spring scale pushes pulls in units of such as newtons can be wind gravity friction balanced unbalanced which results in which causes no change in motion change in motion acceleration change in speed change in direction

30 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 22 Lesson 3: Newton s Second Law of Motion Explore Setup Activity 1 cup with opening cut ruler block Activity 2

31 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 23 Lesson 3: Newton s Second Law of Motion Equal Force, Different Masses starting line finish line 50 N 50 N 50 N A 60 g B 40 g C 20 g 1 m 1. How much force is being applied to each ball? 2. Which ball will have the greatest acceleration? 3. How will doubling the force applied to Ball A affect the ball s acceleration?

32 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 24 Lesson 3: Newton s Second Law of Motion Part 1 Assessment Newton s Second Law of Motion A student performs an experiment on Newton s law of force and acceleration. The data collected are listed in the table below but some information is missing. Complete the table. Experiment A F = ma Force (N) = Mass (kg) x Acceleration (m/s 2 ) Experiment B Experiment C Match the student s conclusion statements with the above experiments. 1 The greater the force applied to an object, the more the object accelerates. 2 If the force applied to an object is doubled, the rate of acceleration is also doubled if the mass remains the same. 3 If an equal force is applied to two different objects, the more massive object has a smaller rate of acceleration. Page 1 of 3

33 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 3: Newton s Second Law of Motion RM 24 continued Part 2 Answer each question using complete sentences. A tennis racket hits a tennis ball, exerting a different amount of force on the ball during a tennis game. Swing A Swing B Swing C F = 20 N F = 10 N F = 5 N 4 Which swing results in the greatest acceleration of the ball? Explain. 5 Which swing results in the least acceleration of the ball? Explain. Page 2 of 3

34 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 3: Newton s Second Law of Motion RM 24 continued A 10 N force is applied to each of these objects. Basketball Medium Mass Bowling Ball Large Mass Tennis Ball Small Mass 6 Which object will have the greatest acceleration? Explain. 7 Which object will have the least acceleration? Explain. 8 Which option best describes the object with the greatest force? A A 15 kg mountain bike with an acceleration to 0.6 m/s 2 B A 100 kg motorcycle with an acceleration to 0.09 m/s 2 Page 3 of 3

35 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 25 Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion Lab Station Cards Station 1 Hot Wheels, Fast Cars 1. Place the blocks under the ramp to raise it 5 cm. 2. Tape the marker to the flat surface approximately 10 cm from the end of the ramp. Make sure the marker is perpendicular to the ramp. 3. Place the car at the top of the ramp. 4. Lay a pencil in front of the car, forming a barrier while holding the car in place at the top of the ramp. Hold the pencil in this position. 5. Place the penny on top of the car. 6. Quickly remove the pencil barrier, releasing the car to roll down the ramp. 7. Record your observations. Repeat two more times for consistent results. 8. Use the rubber band to secure the penny to the top of the car. 9. Repeat the above steps three times with the penny attached to the car with a rubber band. 10. Record your results for each trial. Page 1 of 4

36 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 25 continued Station 2 Pennies for Your Thoughts Part A: Catch a Falling Penny 1. Bend your right elbow so your forearm is horizontal and your hand is near your ear. 2. Balance a penny on your elbow. 3. Quickly move your arm down and grab the penny with your right hand before it falls. 4. Stack another penny on the first one and repeat steps 2 and 3. How many pennies can you stack on the first one and still catch the pennies? Record your best score. 5. Repeat the process two more times using the number of pennies in your best score. Part B: Penny on a Finger 1. Make a fist with your palm up and extend your index finger. 2. Balance the small index card on your finger. 3. Place the penny in the center of the card, over the top of your finger. 4. Quickly flick the card with a finger on your other hand. 5. Record your observation. 6. Repeat the process two more times. Page 2 of 4

37 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 25 continued Station 3 What a Drag! 1. Attach the spring scale to the hook or string on the block of wood. 2. Place the block of wood flat on the smooth surface of a tabletop or floor. 3. Pull the spring scale horizontally, making sure the front edge of the wood does not rise up during the pulling force. 4. Pull the spring scale with a steady speed until the scale settles down to a constant reading as you move the wood. 5. Record both the initial high reading and the steady speed reading. 6. Repeat steps 3 5 on the surface of sandpaper. 7. Repeat steps 3 5 on the carpet remnant. Page 3 of 4

38 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 25 continued Station 4 Keep Rolling Along 1. Put on a safety apron. 2. Place a closed container of water in the center of the rolling cart. Allow the water to become still. 3. Walk five steps very slowly, pushing the cart, then stop suddenly. 4. Observe and record what happens to the water. 5. Repeat steps 2 4 walking at a normal pace. Page 4 of 4

39 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 26 Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion Concept Map Newton s first law of motion is also called which states objects in motion objects at rest until

40 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 27 Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion Lab Station Cards Station 1 Book Smarts! 1. Predict what will happen to a stack of books sitting on a rolling chair when the chair suddenly stops after rolling slowly, rolling at a medium pace, and rolling at a fast pace. 2. Neatly stack the books at the front edge of the chair seat. 3. Roll the chair slowly for five steps then stop the chair suddenly. Be careful not to pull the chair back when stopping. 4. Use the meter stick to measure the movement, if any, of the books. 5. Repeat steps 2 4 walking at a normal pace. 6. Repeat steps 2 4 walking at a fast pace. 7. In your science notebook, record your observations. Compare your observations with your prediction. Page 1 of 3

41 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 27 continued Station 2 Bottle Pull Predict what will happen when force is applied to two stationary objects with different masses. 1. Place the partially filled water bottle on a flat surface. Place the spring scale through the loop on the bottle. 2. Pull the bottle horizontally along the surface of the table, making sure the front edge of the bottle does not rise up. 3. Pull the bottle with a steady speed for the length of 1 meter. 4. Observe the spring scale readings when you begin to pull the bottle and as the bottle is pulled along the meter stick. In your science notebook, record the initial reading and the constant readings. 5. Repeat steps 1 4 using the full bottle. In your science notebook, record your observations. Page 2 of 3

42 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 27 continued Station 3 A Magician s Trick 1. Predict what will happen if you place the 2-liter bottle on the sheet of wax paper and pull the paper slowly. In your science notebook, record your prediction. 2. Place the 2-liter bottle on the wax paper 5 cm from the edge and pull the paper slowly and horizontally along the surface. Record your observations. 3. Predict what will happen if you quickly pull the wax paper horizontally from under the bottle. Record your prediction. 4. Place the 2-liter bottle on the wax paper 5 cm from the edge. Very quickly pull the paper horizontally along the flat surface. Practice several times. 5. Repeat the experiment using the sheet of white paper. 6. In your science notebook, record your observations. Compare your observations with your prediction. Page 3 of 3

43 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 28 Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion Observation Chart Station Prediction Results How does Newton s first law of motion relate to this station? 1 2 3

44 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 29 Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion Assessment Newton s First Law of Motion Choose the best answer for each question. Part 1 Use complete sentences to answer question 1. Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 1 While shopping for cars, it is important to consider their safety features. Three different car seats with headrests are pictured. Which car seat would be the safest if you were in a rear-end collision? Support your answer applying Newton s first law of motion. Part 2 Choose the best answer for each question. 2 How does Newton s first law of motion apply to a ball rolling across the gym floor after an unbalanced force is applied? A B C D The ball will stop at the line halfway across the gym. The ball will continue to roll until an unbalanced force is applied. The ball will start bouncing until it hits the wall. The ball will roll in a zigzag pattern to the other end of the gym. Page 1 of 3

45 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 29 continued 3 A person walks out of a store with a pillow at the top of an overflowing shopping cart. While walking to the car, the cart s wheel hits a large rock, causing the cart to suddenly stop. Which of the following is likely to happen as a result of Newton s first law of motion? Direction of Motion F G H J The pillow will slide backwards due to inertia. The pillow will apply a balanced force on the cart. The pillow will slide forward due to inertia. The pillow will not be affected by the sudden stop. 4 The law requires all people riding in a car to wear seat belts. If the car suddenly stops, the seat belts hold the passengers in place. How does Newton s first law of motion apply when a person is not wearing a seat belt? A B C D The passengers will continue moving forward due to inertia. The passengers will move backward into the seat. The passengers will lean into another passenger s seat. The passengers will not be affected by the sudden stop of the car. Page 2 of 3

46 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 4: Newton s First Law of Motion RM 29 continued 5 A space shuttle is preparing for launch. How does Newton s first law of motion apply? F G H J The space shuttle will accelerate into space. The space shuttle applies an unbalanced force on the ground. The space shuttle applies an unbalanced force on the tower. The space shuttle remains at rest until an unbalanced force is applied. Page 3 of 3

47 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 30 Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion Lab Station Cards Station 1 1. Set the spring scales at zero. 2. Place one spring scale on each end of the rubber band. 3. Gently pull on the spring scales and observe what happens to the scales. 4. As one person pulls one spring scale to a specific value, observe the value on the opposite spring scale. 5. Switch roles and repeat steps 2 4. Conclusions 1. In your science notebook, create an illustration and identify the forces. 2. Write a summary of this activity. Page 1 of 3

48 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion RM 30 continued Station 2 1. Have one person sit in each rolling chair. Position one chair behind the other in a row with both people facing the same direction. They should hold their feet off the floor or rest them on the bottom of the chairs. 2. The person seated in back pushes off of the chair in front of them. 3. Reverse order so the other person in the chair gets to push. 4. Observe the motion of both chairs. Conclusions 1. In your science notebook, create an illustration and identify the forces. 2. Write a summary of this activity. Page 2 of 3

49 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion RM 30 continued Station 3 1. Slip the string through the straw. 2. Select one person to blow up the balloon and hold the end shut without tying it. 3. Tape the balloon to the straw on the string. 4. Release the balloon. 5. Observe and record your observations. Conclusions 1. In your science notebook, create an illustration and identify the forces. 2. Write a summary of this activity. Page 3 of 3

50 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 31 Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion Station 1 Explore Activities Station 3

51 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 32 Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion Boat Describe how Newton s third law of motion applies to the picture.

52 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 33 Lesson 5: Newton s Third Law of Motion Balloon Racer Rubric Criteria Points Possible Earned Assessment Self Teacher Traveled minimum distance. Complies with specifications. Diagram of car design with forces indicated by arrows. Description of motion related to Newton s laws of motion. Total

53 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 34 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Which Law Applies? Which Law Applies? Identify the correct Newton s law that relates to each statement by writing the number of the appropriate law. 1. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs. 2. Balanced forces are equal in size but act in opposite directions. 3. The inertia of an object depends on its mass; the greater the mass, the greater the inertia. 4. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force exerted on the object. 5. When the same amount of force is applied to two objects with different masses, the object with the greater mass has less acceleration. 6. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. 7. A stationary object will not move until a force great enough to overcome its inertia is exerted on the object. 8. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration. 9. When you walk on the ground, the ground exerts a force on your foot. Which Law Applies? Identify the correct Newton s law that relates to each statement by writing the number of the appropriate law. 1. Forces occur in action-reaction pairs. 2. Balanced forces are equal in size but act in opposite directions. 3. The inertia of an object depends on its mass; the greater the mass, the greater the inertia. 4. Acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force exerted on the object. 5. When the same amount of force is applied to two objects with different masses, the object with the greater mass has less acceleration. 6. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. 7. A stationary object will not move until a force great enough to overcome its inertia is exerted on the object. 8. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration. 9. When you walk on the ground, the ground exerts a force on your foot.

54 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 35 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Newton s Laws of Motion Puzzle Law of action-reaction Law of acceleration Law of acceleration Law of inertia Colliding continental plates buckle and fold, forming mountains. Law of inertia Wearing a seat belt when riding in a car Law of inertia Law of inertia Law of action-reaction Walking across the floor An unbalanced force accelerates an object in the direction of that force. Law of acceleration Kicking a soccer ball down the field. F = ma F = ma An object s motion remains constant unless an unbalanced force acts on it. Law of inertia Law of action-reaction For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Law of action-reaction Twirling a ball on a string Law of acceleration Law of action-reaction F = ma Knocking over a bicycle with a moving car Launching a rocket from a lift-off pad Law of acceleration Feeling weightless at the very top of the roller coaster ride Law of inertia Law of acceleration Hitting a golf ball off a tee Law of acceleration Law of action-reaction Law of inertia F = ma

55 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 36 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Newton s Laws of Motion Puzzle Template

56 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 37 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Folded Model Template fold here

57 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 38 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Newton s Laws of Motion Picture Cards A D G B E H water out direction of movement C F J Page 1 of 2

58 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 38 continued K N Q L O R M P S Page 2 of 2

59 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy RM 39 Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws Assessment Application of Newton s Laws Choose the best answer for each question. Team A Team B 1 In the picture above, two teams of students are playing tug-of-war. Each team is pulling in the opposite direction, but both teams are moving in the same direction. Which of the following best describes the forces in this situation? A B C D The forces are balanced and the net force is zero. The forces are balanced and Team A is exerting a greater force. The forces are unbalanced and Team A s force is greater. The forces are unbalanced and Team B s force is greater. Page 1 of 6

60 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 39 continued 2 The Pioneer 10 spacecraft was launched in March 1972 to explore the solar system. Pioneer 10 has continued on its journey and is now traveling beyond the solar system. Which statement best explains why Pioneer 10 continues to travel farther in space? F G H J For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Objects in space accelerate at a greater rate than objects on Earth. The force of the solar wind moves objects through space at a constant speed. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by unbalanced forces. 3 When a car suddenly stops at a red light, a book lying on the car seat slides forward. Why does the book continue to move forward? A B C D The book loses its backward force. The car moves in reverse more rapidly than the book. The friction of braking transfers energy to the book. The book s inertia causes it to continue moving. Page 2 of 6

61 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 39 continued Use the table to answer question 4. Toy Car Motion Trial Time in Seconds A toy car is pushed 10 m across an identical section of floor. The table shows the amount of time it took for the car to travel during each trial. The difference in the time recorded for each trial is most likely caused by differences in F G H J force exerted surface friction inertia car mass Page 3 of 6

62 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 39 continued 5 A student sitting in a wheelchair at rest throws a basketball forward. Since the student and the wheelchair have greater mass than the basketball, the student and the wheelchair will A B C D move backward at a slower speed than the basketball moves forward travel the same distance as the basketball but in the opposite direction move backward at a faster speed than the basketball moves forward move with the same forward force as the basketball 6 A child jumps on a trampoline. Which of the following causes the child to rise in the air? F G H J inertia mass a reaction force a gravitational force Page 4 of 6

63 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 39 continued 7 When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves out one end and the balloon moves in the other direction. Which statement does this situation best illustrate? A B C What goes up must come down. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The shape and size of an object affect air resistance. D The acceleration due to Earth s gravity is 9.8 m/s 2. 8 Which of these statements best describes the action-reaction force needed to launch a space shuttle? F G H J The ground pushes up on the rocket when exhaust gases push down on the ground. Exhaust gases push down on air, while the ground pushes up on the rocket. The rocket pushes exhaust gases down, while the exhaust gases push the rocket up. Gravity pulls the rocket exhaust down, while friction pushes up against the atmosphere. Page 5 of 6

64 UNIT 3: Force, Motion, Energy Lesson 6: Application of Newton s Laws RM 39 continued 9 The frog leaps from its resting position at the lake s bank onto a lily pad. If the frog has a mass of 0.5 kg and the acceleration of the leap is 3 m/s 2, what is the force the frog exerts on the lake s bank when leaping? A B C D 0.2 N 0.8 N 1.5 N 6.0 N 10 How much force is needed to accelerate a 5 kg object at a rate of 4m/s 2? F G H J 0.25 N 1.25 N 9 N 20 N Page 6 of 6