High Energy Density Physics related to Inertial Fusion with Intense Ion and Laser Beams at GSI and FAIR in Darmstadt

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1 High Energy Density Physics related to Inertial Fusion with Intense Ion and Laser Beams at GSI and FAIR in Darmstadt Dieter H.H. Hoffmann Radiation- and Nuclear Physics Technical University Darmstadt HEDgeHOB Collaboration Currently guest at : Chinese Acad. Science, IMP, Lanzhou IAEA Vienna March 2015 Workshop Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion

2 Topics: Remarks on Inertial Fusion Properties of Heavy Ion Beams Ion Beam Plasma Interaction Generating WARM DENSE MATTER with Ion Beams Diagnostics: Proton Microscopy 2

3 Physics Technology and Fusion Energy 40 years

4 Indirectly heated Fusion -Target Hohlraumtarget Compression Burn Surface heating by radiation Ignition

5 Fast Ignition Scenario with Heavy Ion Driver M. Roth, TU-Darmstadt

6 Heavy Ion Driven Ignition Facility (HIDIF)

7 Ion- and Laserbeam Interaction with Matter

8 PHASE DIAGRAM OF MATTER Lg N Z 4 HE Γ~ 1 Metals nλ 3 ~ 1 Sparc arc Semicond. Γ~ 1 Flames Γ~10 4 TF Jupiter Γ~ Heavy Ion Beams Ionization Plasma processing Ry MHD Z, Θpinch White Dwarth SUN B. Dwarth Debye Fusion-IC Relativistic T ~ mc 2 Tokamak e + e - pairs Stellar Corona 1 Tb FAIR 1 Gb 1 Mb Big Bang Big Bang Lg T V.E. Fortov

9 Ion Beam Facilities for HEDP (Past) GSI, Darmstadt ИТЭФ, Москва HIFS-VNL, Berkeley IMP, Lanzhou

10 Rare Isotope Science Project M. Chung Korea 10

11 Nazarbayev University at Astana, Kazakhstan is building a facility for HIF/HEDP research

12 The NURA Facility for HIF and HEDP Research Control Room Target Fab and Experiment Prep Clean Room Accelerator Hall NDCX-2 is 14.5m 3MeV Li + Diagnostic Laser The new NURA beam line is ~ 12 m long Drive Laser Compressor From Drive Laser Target Area Clean Room

13 Uniform ion beamheating to create WDM (~ 1 evtemperature) ~mm spot-size ~µm thickness ~30 nc Li at 3 MeV (NDCX-2) ~1 ns high intensity, short pulse ion beam

14 Ion Beam Facilities for HEDP (Future) FAIR, Darmstadt HIAF, China (Lanzhou)

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16 Beam Parameters SIS-18 FAIR(Ph-I) HIAF (V1) E 0 0.4GeV/u 1 GeV/u 1.1 GeV/u N E total 0.06 kj 15kJ 40 kj S f ~1 mm ~1 mm 1mm-0.5 mm τ 130 ns 50 ns 130ns-33ns E s ~1kJ/g 120 kj/g 300 kj/g-1.2mj/g E ρ J/m J/m J/m J/m 3

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20 Copper target with Au coating C. Maurer, L. Bozyk, P. Spiller

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22 Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

23 Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

24 Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

25 Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

26 Intense Beam Diagnostics Said El Moussati, S. Udrea

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34 HEDgeHOB Experimental Program 34

35 Heating Matter with Intense Ion Beams Ne 10+ beam at E 0 =300MeV/u penetrating into a Kr crystal Intense Pulse of Heavy Ions Bragg Peak

36 Physics of Generating High Energy Density in Matter with Ion Beams P ρ = E τ ρ b de dx = π r 2 N τ b [ g J ] s Eρ: Specific Deposition Energy [J/g] τ b : Beam bunch length [s] Pρ :Specific Deposition Power [W/g]

37 What are the most interesting problems for the next 10 years? What type of experiments can be done at new international facilities HED regions of the phase diagram accessible by intense heavy ion beams

38 Heavy ion beam can be used as an efficient diagnostic tool for HED experiments heavy ion beam solid target Energy Loss Dynamics (ELD) time-resolving energy loss spectrometer SIS-18 heavy ion beam Target collimators fast scintillator target chamber streak camera

39 ELD provides direct quantitative information about the physical state of the interior of the target Verification of EOS model for neon Energy loss [%] U, MeV/u} solid Ne Time [ns] SESAME ChTEOS experiment Energy loss [%] U, MeV/u} solid Ne Time [ns] SESAME ChTEOS experiment For HEDgeHOB experiments: main SIS-100 heating pulse (50 ns) complementary 90º ion beam (200ns-1.4µs) from SIS-18 time-resolved target density along the axis and in the transverse plane, stopping properties of dense non-ideal plasmas D. Varentsov et al.: Europhys. Lett. 64 (2003) 57; Laser and Part. Beams 20 (2002) 485; Nucl. Instr. Meth. B174 (2001) 215.

40 HEDP experiments with intense heavy ion beams HHT: High energy High Temperature: ions up to U, AMeV pulse duration ns focal spot size mm diagnostics for intense, short ion pulses Beams for HEDP experiments: 238 U 73+, 350 AMeV, e-cooled ions in ns bunch 300 µm (FWHM) spot at the target Solid metallic targets: specific energy: ~ kj/g temperature: up to 2 ev pressure: in multi-kbar range

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51 P. Lang, M. Endres, D. Varentsov, S. Udrea See also Frank Merrill on Tuesday

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53 Permanent Magnetic Quadrupoles (PMQ) design High Gradient Split-Pole Quadrupole Extremely High-Level Gradient-Maximal Demagnetization Factor Flexible Choice of the REPM Coercivity on Magnetization Minimal Demagnetization in Median Planes (in Critical Spaces) Gradient Fixed PMQ parameter Inner aperture, 2 Ri Outer dimensions, 2 Ro x L Internal ring magnetization External ring magnetization Pole tip field Value 15 mm 79 x 100 mm 1.16 T 1.19 T 1.7 T

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56 Technical Proposal PRIOR: Proton Microscope at FAIR COSY simulation of magnetic optics

57 PRIOR: Proton Microscope at FAIR QSM quadrupole Magnetic aperture diameter Pole tip field 1.3 T Module length 40 mm 40 mm ITEP proton microscope Four Modules Assembly Axis Gradient Distribution Blue field simulation Red field measurements 1 mm 1 mm

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70 The HEDgeHOB collaboration: Studies on high energy density matter with intense heavy ion and laser beams at FAIR (officially inaugurated: June 2005) >200 Scientists 44 Institutes 15 Countries 70