PRIOR. Proton Microscope for FAIR

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1 PRIOR Proton Microscope for FAIR

2 Proton Radiography Basics X-rays and protons ranges in matter X-rays 3-10 MeV (Flux attenuation in e times) High Energy Protons ~ GeV cm 1 cm Pb Protons Image Blurring due to MCS Image Blurring compensation with magnetic optics Object Object Magnetic Lens

3 Radiography contrast from Beam Scattering T 'e &x #:! #c nuclear DA<E>3+F>58 "73>4+G?H>A3 "73>4+01;;<85314 G; $7!!" #! &$c 9>56:4>E+ $ TMCS ' <66<1+ &e =41I<E>6+ MeV x 14.1 <714853<1+17+ $ o ' 1?H>A3+ p% x 3J<AK>66 o o C4568<66<1 xo ( )! " #c 14.1 MeV x T 'e & e 1 ** ++ T # 1" e, C4568<66<1 $ c p % & & x "! c! o MCS 01;;<85314 Spatial resolution scalings with proton energy:!"#$%# &,#&./&&!"#$%+&,#&')-,!"#$%#&'#())* object scattering chromatic aberrations 1 3 "t σo p σc "t p 3 detector blur 1 "s "t σd p 07 N7

4 HEDgeHOB collaboration will construct and run at FAIR two main HEDP experiments: HIHEX and LAPLAS HIHEX Heavy Ion Heating and Expansion LAPLAS Laboratory Planetary Sciences! uniform quasi-isochoric heating of a large-volume dense target! isentropic expansion in 1D plane or cylindrical geometry! hollow (ring-shaped) beam heats a heavy tamper shell! cylindrical implosion and low-entropy compression Numerous high-entropy HED states: EOS and transport properties of e.g., nonideal plasmas, WDM and critical point regions for various materials Mbar moderate temperatures: high-density HED states, e.g. hydrogen metallization problem, interior of Jupiter and Saturn

5 Plasma Physics beam lines and cave at FAIR LAPLAS HIHEX from SIS-100 SIS-100: One beam line with replaceable elements: - HIHEX experiments beam shaping system 1 mm Transverse distributions of beam intensity at focal plane for HIHEX experiments - LAPLAS experiments RF beam deflector ( wobbler ) to provide annular ion beam 1 mm Transverse distributions of beam intensity at focal plane for LAPLAS experiments

6 Plasma Physics beam lines and cave at FAIR LAPLAS HIHEX from SIS-100 SIS-18: a dedicated radiography beam line - density diagnostics for LAPLAS and HIHEX experiments Ion Beam SIS-100 Proton Beam SIS-18 Proton Microscope from SIS-18 PRIOR PRIOR - Proton Microscope for FAIR: - proton energy 4.5 GeV - up to ~0 g/cm (Fe, Pb, Au, etc.) -!10 "m spatial resolution - 10 ns time resolution (multi-frame) - sub-percent density resolution - proton illumination spot size: 3 15 mm - imaging, aberrations correction by magnets Vladimir Fortov 6

7 PRIOR! Proton Radiography at FAIR At FAIR: a dedicated beam line from SIS-18 for radiography.5 GeV, protons PRIOR SIS-18 SIS-100 from SIS-100 GeV protons: Challenging requirements for density measurements in dynamic HEDP experiments: up to ~0 g/cm (Fe, Pb, Au, etc.)!10 µm spatial resolution 10 ns time resolution (multi-frame) sub-percent density resolution large penetrating depth (high!x) good detection efficiency (S/N) imaging, aberrations correction by magnets high spatial resolution (microscopy) high density resolution and dynamic range multi-frame capability for fast dynamic events PRIOR project will accomplish two main tasks: FAIR proton radiography system which a core FAIR installation will be designed, constructed and commissioned in full-scale dynamic experiments with 4.5 GeV proton beam prior to FAIR using the same SIS-18 proton beam, a worldwide unique radiographic facility may become operational at GSI that would provide a capability for unparalleled high-precision experiments with great discovery potential at the leading edges of plasma physics, high energy density physics, biophysics, and materials research

8 Proton Radiography for High Energy Density Physics EOS and phase transitions in materials in extreme states and in strongly coupled plasma Hydrodynamics of HED flows (shock compression of reacting and non-reacting media, hydrodynamic instabilities) Material Strength and Damage (dynamic fracture of materials) Two independent ways to determine Al EOS in one shock wave experiment by proton radiography only Density:! = 3.09 ± 0.04 g/cm 3 Experiments on Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (formation and grow rate) in Sn Tin Target 100 µm Current proton microscopy / radiography spatial resolution capability: ~ 50 µm: Macro- and in some cases mesoscopic studies ~ 10 µm spatial resolution capability: Introduction of microstructural and microkinetic studies ~ 1 µm spatial resolution capability: Full-scale microscopic studies! LANL, ITEP (800 MeV) PRIOR (4.5 GeV) Aluminum Flyer High Explosives courtesy of Kurt Schoenberg, LANL Phase transition of molecular nitrogen (compact multiple compression generator under development at IPCP, ITEP)!"#$%&" V.Ternovoy, D.Nikolayev, IPCP-ITEP Detonator

9 PRIOR magnetic lens design! 30 mm PMQ aperture Normalized chromatic length vs magnification (Fixed total length x=10 m and pole tip field Bt=1.73 T) 0 18 M16x/M11x(Bt=1.73) M16y/M11y(Bt=1.73) M16x/M11x, M16y/M11y [m] Normalized chromatic length, m M Target to PMQ1 distance vs magnification Normalized chromatic length and magnification vs pole tip field Bt (Fixed total length x=10 m) M16x/M11x M16y/M11y M11x, M11y Pole tip field, T Magnification Parameter Value Magnification 4.1 Spatial resolution 8 10 µm Horizontal chromatic length, C x 3.99 m Vertical chromatic length, Cy 3.41 m Angular acceptance 5 mrad Horizontal matching correlation, Mx mrad/mm Vertical matching correlation, My mrad/mm

10 Field, T Nonlinearity, % Permanent Magnetic Quadrupoles "PMQ#! prototype manufacturing High Gradient Split-Pole Quadrupole High Gradient Split-Pole Quadrupole Hall Probe Measurement Bench x, mm Pole field: ~ 1.6 T Final gradient: 11.6 T/m Nonlinearity: < 0.9 % Two layers with circular 16 sectors NdFeB alloy with coercivity on magnetization of.7 T in the inner layer of 43 mm diameter

11 Permanent Magnetic Quadrupoles "PMQ#! final design for PRIOR x PMQ L =165 mm x PMQ L = 330 mm All quads have the same cross-section All quads are of three layers Each layer contains 4 magnetic elements of prismatic shape. Angle size of all magnetic elements 15º All quads are divided longitudinally by modules of the same length of 33 mm. Total number of modules 30. Figure 1. Cross-sections of prismatic elements for three-layer modules. Figure. Cross-section parameters of prismatic elements and easy axis slope to the prism!s plane of symmetry for three-layer quads Table 1. Segments dimensions for each layer Layer "1 Alloy VACODYM 863 TP: Br=1.7 T, #0 HCJ=.7 T Layer " Alloy VACODYM 854 TP: Br=1.3 T, #0 HCJ=. T Layer " Alloy VACODYM 745 TP: Br=1.40 T, #0 HCJ=1.4 T Segment sizes, W x H x L, mm $ $ $0 +0. $ $ $ Table. Types of segments on easy axis slope Type "1 Type " Type "3 % 15º 45º 75º

12 PRIOR setup features flexible design: can be optimized for a particular experiment: proton energy can be reduced standoff can be changed magnification can be increased SIS-18 electron cooler: both transverse (! density resolution) and longitudinal (! spatial resolution) emittances of the beam can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more

13 Radiation safety simulations y = 00 (b e a mlevel) 1e9p/s DR/ (Sv/h) 50 X / c m Z /c m hht09_001_001_fort.40.xyz 11/03/10 08:55:0 radon mult = add = y = 00 (b e a mlevel) 1e9p/s e-05 X / c m A l t h i c k e r c m Q u a d *1 5 c m ir o n h e a v y c o n c r e t e 1.58 e-05 5e e-06 5e e e e-08 5e Z /c m hht10_001_001_fort.40.xyz 11/03/10 13:16:08 radon mult = add = GeV protons / pulse, 10 7 / s beam dump: 150 cm Fe, 350 cm concrete < 0.5 µsv/h

14 Fielding at GSI! HHT cave a compact system but long drift is needed for the microscope

15 Detailed PRIOR project plan and milestones Task 1) Performance simulations 97d 1.1) Preliminary optical simulations d 1.) Beam transport model from accelerator to detector 78d 1.3) Simulations and optimization of system resolution 65d 1.4) Forward model calculations for static objects 13d ) HHT infrastructure 198d.1) Cave re-construction design & drawings 79d.) Radiation safety simulations 11d..1) Preliminary simulations for determining necessary shielding 11d..) Final detailed simulations with exact geometry 1d.3) Electric works 56d.3.1) Replacing electrical power distributors 56d.3.) Replacing radiation safety distributor box 39d.4) Rebuilding the area 3d.4.1) Beam dump 0d.4.) Additional shielding inside HHT 5d.4.3) Exchanging the staircase 4d.4.4) Side wall and roof 13d.4.5) Installing iron doors 5d.4.6) Drilling 300 mm holes in concrete 5d.5) Formal approval of the area for operation 86d 3) PMQ lenses 78d 3.1) Design and studies on high-gradient PMQ 45d 3.) Prototype manufacturing and measurements 34d 3.3) Design of PRIOR PMQ and production tools 4d 3.4) Manufacturing of PMQ housing, accessory equipment and molds 34d 3.5) Purchase of REPM raw material 38d 3.6) Manufacturing of REPM elements and magnetic parameters 48d measurements 3.7) Machining of REPM elements 3d 3.8) Assembling of PMQ sections 58d 3.9) Delivering to GSI 13d 3.10) PMQ magnetic field measurements and fi ne tuning 15d 4) PRIOR mechanics 69d 4.1) Design of magnets support stand 46d 4.) Design of magnets motion and control 55d 4.3) Design of beam control and alignment 48d 4.4) Calculations for protective windows, fl anges and vacuum drift pipe 18d 4.5) Mech. design of the "red" chamber modifi cations 7d 4.6) Design of vacuum pipes and interfaces 7d 4.7) Modifying the "red" chamber 65d 4.8) Manufacturing vacuum pipes and interfaces 65d 4.9) Manufacturing support stand and motion mechanics 67d 4.10) Re-certification of "red" chamber and pipes 64d 5) Detector system 34d 5.1) Camera export control 134d 5.) Study proton interactions with scintillators to identify the 148d technologies for PRIOR 5.3) Build and deliver scintillator detector to GSI 51d 5.4) Designing and building optical system 46d 5.5) Choosing and delivering camera system to GSI 98d 6) Final assembling and installation at HHT 4d 6.1) Installing confi nement vessel 4d 6.) Installing and aligning microscope 10d 6.3) Installing detector system 10d 7) Commissioning with static objects 18d 7.1) Producing and delivering targets 44d 7.) Applying for commissioning beam 13d 7.3) Beam time measurements 9d 8) First dynamic experiment 373d 8.1) Design and simulations 15d 8.) Submitting experimental proposal to PAC 8d 8.3) Development and test of target assembly 67d 8.4) License for HE experiments at GSI 110d 8.5) Applying for proton beam time 3d 8.6) Producing and delivering target assembly parts 87d 8.7) Ordering and delivering formed HE 61d 8.8) Installing the experiment 11d 9) Finishing HHT reconstruction 10) Publishing results of scintillator studies 11) Delivering PMQ lenses to GSI 1) Commissioning with static objects 13) First dynamic experiment Duration Aug 010 Sep 010 Oct 010 Nov 010 Dec 010 Jan 011 Feb 011 Mar 011 Apr 011 May 011 Jun 011 Jul 011 Aug 011 Sep 011 Oct 011 Nov 011 Dec 011 Jan 01 Feb 01 Mar 01 Apr 01 May!18, < 5.5d > 17.75d!148,650.00!3, > 35d > 6d > 16.75d!50,000.00!30, > 7.75d!0, < 5.5d!95,150.00!8, < 8.5d!4, d!6, < 1.5d!39, < 4.5d!15, <.5d!1, <.5d!116, d!15, < 105.5d > 3.75d!14, > 5d!33, < 5.75d!46, > 8.5d 5.5d!99, d > 1.5d > 35.5d!18, < 15.5d < 19.5d!7,400.00!7, < 76.75d 4/4/11 > 5.75d < 7d!48, < 46.5d < 5.5d!5, d < 43.5d > 8.5d!10, d!6, d!30, < 6.75d > 10d < 81.75d < 51.5d!14, < 0.5d!11, < 41d!74, > 40.5d!18, d 45d!18, d 8/9/11 4/10/11 > 7.75d > 87d < 95.5d 38.5d 4.5d 44d < 60.5d 7//1 > 84.5d < 1.5d 30/4/1 > 7d

16 High Energy Proton Microscopy workshops

17 PRIOR! Proton Radiography at FAIR