HED Physics. 1) By means of laser-driven shock waves (LMJ as driver, PETAL as a backlighter)

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1 HED Physics High-energy lasers allow reaching HED states: 1) By means of laser-driven shock waves (LMJ as driver, PETAL as a backlighter) 2) By using short laser pulses to heat matter using lasergenerated X-rays, fast electrons, protons, ISOCHORIC HEATING OF MATTER (PETAL as the driver) Also PETAL will allow realistic studies on fast ignition In all cases we need ENERGY 18

2 Water at very high pressures Temperature T (ev) Molecular M o l é c r Fluid Ionic Solid Superionic Pressure P (Mbar) Ab-initio Molecular dynamics simulations Metallic Neptune s isentrope Astrophysical context Towards the Sun Axis of rotation Equator Magnetical axis Magnetic field of Uranus Mantle of Uranus and Neptune = «hot ices» of H 2 O, NH 3, CH 4 Intense, asymmetrical magnetic field 19 C.Cavazzoni et al., Science, 283, 44 (1999) Existence of a fluid, conducting region?

3 Optical properties of water Refraction index of shock compressed water in the megabar pressure range D.Batani, K.Jakubowska, A.Benuzzi- Mounaix, et al., Europhysics Letters,112, (2015) Al 1000 Å CH 10 µm Al 20 µm Capillary LASER H 2 O Saphire window 20

4 Avec LMJ/PETAL Echantillons plus grandes (µg -> mg) barres d erreurs réduites Plus de diagnostics plus performantes Nouvelles caractéristiques physiques et barres d erreurs réduites Pressions plus élevées MBar -> Gbar Profilage temporel (compressions quasi isentropique) Nouvelle techniques (e.g. couplage pre-compression statique et compression dynamique) 21

5 LMJ/PETAL Academic Opening ASSOCIATION LASERS ET PLASMAS LMJ PETAL Scientific Case For academic access program September 2014 Version IFSA

6 LMJ/PETAL Academic Opening Call for proposals for experiments on the LMJ/PETAL laser facility from the Academic Community First call: October proposal selected to be performed in 2017 and 2018 Second call: June 2016 for experiments to be done in 2019 (final selection beginning 2017) 23

7 LMJ/PETAL Academic Opening 2 proposals selected for 2017 Primordial magnetogenesis and turbulent amplification of magnetic fields (University of Oxford) Study of the interplay between B-field and heat transport in ICF conditions, en route to study magnetic reconnection (Ecole Polytechnique) 2 proposals selected for 2018 Strong shock generation by laser plasma interaction with/without laser smoothing (SSD) in the context of shock ignition studies on LMJ-PETAL (CELIA) Interacting radiative shock: an opportunity to study astrophysical objects in the laboratory (LULI) 24

8 Primordial magnetogenesis and turbulent amplification of magnetic fields Shock amplification of seed fields via dynamo or turbulent processes Interpenetration of plasmas Creation of magnetic fields Detection by proton radiography Turbulent (grid) vs. nonturbulent plasma flows 25

9 Study of the interplay between B-field and heat transport in ICF conditions, en route to study magnetic reconnection SIDE VIEW SEPAGE RCF pack TOP VIEW Au interaction target Quad LMJ Quad LMJ Quad LMJ Al proton source PETAL PETAL 1) check quantitatively, in ICF conditions, that B-fields are rapidly advected radially along the target surface and compressed over long timescales in the dense and cold part of the plasma onto which the laser energy is deposited 2) quantitatively study the reconnection dynamics, in ICF conditions, between two neighbour B field distributions, a configuration relevant for ICF hohlraums, but also useful to improve our fundamental understanding of magnetic reconnection 26

10 Interacting radiative shock: an opportunity to study astrophysical objects in the laboratory Generate a highly radiative shock in a gas cell that will interact with dense matter (obstacle). The strong radiative flux generated by a high-velocity radiative shock mimicking a nearby hot star will interact with a ball or microballon to simulate the molecular cloud. Figure 3: experimental set-u Main objective of this proposal, is to observe the influence of radiation on the obstacle in a highly radiative regime not achieved on previous experiments. 27

11 Strong shock generation by laser plasma interaction with/without laser smoothing (SSD) in the context of shock ignition 28 Shock Ignition approach to ICF Creation of very high shock pressures (beyond 300 Mbar) Role of hot electrons in shock formation

12 EquipEx PETAL+ Réalisation des premiers diagnostics plasma pour PETAL SEPAGE: A Thomson Parabola for: u Ions/protons in the 100 kev 200 MeV range u Electrons in the 100 kev-100 MeV range C 1+ C 2+ C 3+ C 4+ H + SESAME: Electron spectrometers for MeV with 10% Spectral resolution 150 MeV SPECTIX: Crystal cylindrical crystal transmission X-ray spectrometer for kev with Δλ/λ = 1/300 (Cauchois geometry) protons CRACC: radiographic cassette Stacks of radiochromic films or IP for proton / X-ray radiography using PETAL as a backlighter source 29

13 EquipEx Petal+: SEPAGE / SESAME / SPECTIX Diagnostics are inserted through the SID (Systems for Insertion of Diagnostics) 30 amber radius ~ 5 m

14 Conclusions: LMJ-PETAL, a unique facility LMJ-PETAL will be an unique instrument available to the French and European scientific community to: Perform research on HED states Study the «Laboratory astrophysics» Study laser-driven secondary sources of particles and radiation Investigate new scheme for energy production by nuclear fusion 31

15 In the future fusion might become the primary source of energy (and not only.) for mankind 32