Neutrino Factory in Japan: based on FFAG
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1 Neutrino Factory in Japan: based on FFAG Yoshiharu Mori (KEK) 1. Introduction 2. Scenario of muon acceleration 3. Neutrino Factory based on FFAG 4. Summary
2 Introduction What is Neutrino Factory? High-intensity & high-energy neutrino source based on muon storage ring neutrino energy: few GeV - several 10 GeV muon decay in storage ring : µ + ν µ,ν e µ ν µ,ν e Physics Oscillation : MNS matrix(u MNS ) 1) θ 13 2)sign of m ) CP violation in neutrino sector Neutrino yield ---> ~ vs/year/straight sec.
3 Why Neutrino Factory in Japan? EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, Neutrino Physics in Japan Super-KAIMIOKANDE(atomospheric neutrino) Long Base-line ( KEK 12-GeV PS to KAMIOKA) K2K 2 High Intensity Proton Accelerator Project Proton Driver beam power > 1 MW 50-GeV PS Joint Project KEK/JAERI
4 Muon Suvival for various accelerating filed 5 MV/m : 3.94 km 2 MV/m : 9.85 km 1 Mv/m : 19.7 km 0.75 MV/m : 26.3 km 0.3 GeV/c- 20 GeV/c E=5MV/m -> 3.9 km E=0.75MV/m -> 26.3 km Muon Survival Conventional Scheme PJK Scenario (USA:study1&2, CERN) Energy (MeV) ---> based on Cooling +Linear accelerators
5 Neutrino Factory Scenario Linear accelerator based scenario ( PJK Scenario) *high accel. field gradient :E > 5 MV/m ( L ~ 4 km) High frequency rf (f > 100 MHz) pro : muon survival >85% con : small acceptance ( e H,V & dp/p) need phase rotation & muon cooling high cost
6 Neutrino Factory Scenario Ring accelerator scenario (FFAG Scenario) *low accel. field gradient: E ~ MV/m # of turns ~ >30 turns (R ~0.15 km): pro: low frequency rf ( f~ 5-10 MHz) large acceptance ( ε H,V & dp/p) no-need phase rotation &muon cooling low cost (*depend on scheme) con: muon survival ~50%, however, large acceptance may compensate it. large acceptace & quick acceleration?
7 How large acceptqance is needed? Muon & pion yield with fixed trans. acceptance assumed acceptance: ε n (100%)=0.03πm.rad dp/p = +- 50% proton driver : JHF 50GeV MR (0.75MW) peak yield 0.3 muons/proton pµ = 0.4~1.5GeV/c P center (GeV/c) P center (GeV/c) X max (mm) X max (mm) π + µ + Yield(π + µ + /1proton P center (GeV/c) π µ Yield(π - µ - /1proton P center (GeV/c) X max (mm) X max (mm)
8 Accelerator Scenario - FFAG Option EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, Direct Acceleration by Low Frequency RF No Phase Rotation, No Cooling ev.sec Yield/1proton π + +µ + Yield/1proton π - +µ R:8cm R:6cm R:4cm X max (mm) p/p=+-50%@300mev/c X max (mm) Longitudinal phase space A n =0.03πm.rad ~ 0.3muons / proton JHF 50-GeV Proton Driver
9 Accelerator Scenario - FFAG Option FFAG(Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient) Accelerator (1) Large momentum acceptance p/p ~ +- 50% or more (2) Large aperture A n ~ MeV/c (3) Scaling type p/p 0 ~ (r/r 0 ) k+1 : tunes=const., ξ=0, α=1/(k+1)=const. :no higher orders MCF Low freq. rf : phase slip --> negligible (*Non-scaling type)
10 FFAG Accelerator idea --> 50 s (Ohkawa, Symon,Kolomenski) proton acceleration --> PoP FFAG (KEK),2000 1) fixed magnetic field 2) AG focusing 3) synchrotron osc. * large acceptance (trans. & long.) * quick acceleration PoP FFAG synchrotron
11 Accelerator Scenario - FFAG Option EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, (1)Low Freq.(~MHz) & High Gradient RF E> 1MV/m (2)Acceptance : Trans.: πm.rad, Long p=0.3~1gev/c p=1gev/c~3gev/c p=3gev/c~10gev/c 100m p=11gev/c~20(50)gev/c muon storage
12 B2 EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, Neutrino Factory in Japan - FFAG Scenario FFAG based neutrino factory FFAG-2 1-3GeV/c FFAG-I 0.3-1GeV/c C3 SM3 D3 M2 C2 M3 MSR 20GeV/c SM2 D1 FFAG GeV/c D2 D2 SM1 C1 M1 FFAG GeV/c
13 FFAG Parameters momentum(gev/c) 0.3~1 1~3 3~10 10~20 number of sector k number average radius(m) max. B field(t) tune drift length(m) BF length(m) BD length(m) orbit excursion(m) transition γ
14 FFAG GeV r 200m # of sector 120 B field 6.0T
15 Aperture of FFAG: Is it large with large k? larger ring --> large k --> large non-linear field? x OD ρf Ψ r ρd θd θf OF r 1 θ βf βd α = 1 k+1 : momentum compaction factor O Dynamic aperture depends mostly on phase advance/cell!
16 r'(mrad) EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, Dynamic Aperture of FFAG ring (0.3-1GeV/c) normal conducting version Horizontal Acceptance (N=32,k-value=40) phase advance / cell ~ 90 degrees A H ~ >10000πmm.mrad -200 r0=20260mm 0.3GeV/c r(mm) energy gain:60mev/turn
17 Longitudinal motions in the FFAG rings 0.3 ~ 1 GeV/c 1 ~3 GeV /c dp/p 0 dp/p phase[rad] phase[rad] 3 ~ 10 GeV /c 10 ~2 0 GeV /c dp/p 0 dp/p phase[rad] phase[rad]
18 Parameters FFAG no phase rotation,no cooling proton driver 50GeV(1-4MW) Accelerator FFAG-0(PRISM) 0.3-1GeV FFAG GeV FFAG GeV FFAG GeV storage ring C~800m Intensity phase 1 3x10 20 muon/y(1mw) phase 2 1.2x10 21 muon/y(4mw) Linac USA:study1 proton driver 50GeV(1-4MW) phase rotation 80MeV/c cooling 100m acceleration linac 2GeV FFAG 2-11GeV RCL 11-20(50)GeV storage ring C~1000m Intensity phase muon/y (1MW ) phase 2 4x10 20 muon/y (4MW ) (*USA Study2 ~5 times)
19 Hardware R&D EPAC02, Paris, June 3-7, ) Low freq. & high gradient RF system :1MV/m, 5-10MHz a)sy20 ferrite cavity b)ceramic gap cavity US-Japan collaboration c)air gap cavity SY20 Emax~6.4MV/m ø9m 6.5MHz Emax~6.5MV/m ø6m 6.5MHz Ekp=4.8MV/m Qf µ Emax~13MV/m ø4.4m 6.5MHz Emax~12MV/m ø4m 6.5MHz Brf[mT] 0.9MΩ/m ø0.6m bore 0.5MΩ/m ø0.6m bore 0.4MΩ/m ø0.6m bore a) b) c) rf power : total peak power ~750MW (air gap cavity) ave. rf power ~1MW 0.45MΩ/m ø0.6m bore
20 Hardware R&D rf amplifier & power supply: 100kW anode dissipation tetrode --> ~1MW in burst mode operation anode power supply depends on ave. rf power. in total: 750 x 100kw anode diss. tetrode 1MW anode power supply
21 Hardware R&D Superconducting Magnet for FFAG
22 Magnetic field configuration of SC magnet By_r10_0 By_r15_0 By_r20_0 By_r25_0 By_r30_0 By_r35_0 By_r40_0 By_r45_0 By_r50_0 By_th0_00 fit : y = e-9 r^5.41 By field [T] By field [T] theta [Deg] θ direction radius [cm] radial direction
23 Summary FFAG based neutrino factory : feasible R&D 1)optimization FFAG lattice (inj. ext. ) hybrid rf (low & high freq.) 2)beam simulation (trans. & long.) 3)hardware: rf cavity, sc-magnet etc.
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