Ionization Cooling Demonstration
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1 Ionization Cooling Demonstration Y. Karadzhov UNIGE - DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland on behalf of the MICE Collaboration Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
2 Motivation Neutrinos have mass and so far this is the only evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. We still know very little about the new physics uncovered by neutrino oscillations. So far we know: A. Marrone Neutrino16 Unknown: CP-violating phase δ Dirac/Majorana neutrinos Mass ordering Absolute mass scale Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
3 Neutrino Factories Can we achieve the same precision as in the quark sector? Yes, but we need a new approach: Neutrinos produced from decay of muons circulating in a storage ring: µ e ν e ν µ ; µ + e + ν e ν µ NuMAX IDS-NF Cooling increases the flux by a factor of two to ten. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
4 Motivation IDS-NF arxiv: NuMAX arxiv: Neutrino factories (IDS-NF or NuMAX) achieve the best absolute precision in the measurement of the CP violating phase δ cp (comparable to that in the quark sector) and are very robust with respect to systematic errors. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
5 Motivation cont. Muon Collider Strong coupling to the Higgs (muon mass 200 electron mass) Superb Energy Resolution (95% luminosity in de/e 0.1%) Muon Collider will permit more precise studies of phenomena discovered at LHC Shed light on new physics Cooling is essential to deliver requisite luminosity. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
6 Ionization Cooling Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for a detailed study of the neutrino flavour physics and for lepton-antilepton collisions at energies of up to several TeV. Ionization cooling is the only practical solution for muon cooling, because it is fast enough to cool the beam within the muon lifetime. 1 Energy loss by ionization (de/dx reduces P Z and P ); 2 Heating from multiple scattering; 3 P Z restored by RF cavities. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
7 MICE uses muon beams of limited intensity / one muon at a time traversing the cooling channel. Artificial beams are constructed from ensembles of single particles and beam emittance is reconstructed by measuring the position and momentum (x, y, p x, p y, p z ) of each muon. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23 Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) Goal Build a section of a cooling channel that can demonstrate the principle of ionization cooling and verify the cooling performance for various configurations and beam conditions. MICE Muon Beam (MMB) Time-of-flight hodoscope 1 (ToF 0) Variable thickness high-z diffuser 201 MHz cavity Upstream spectrometer module Primary lithium-hydride absorber 201 MHz cavity Downstream spectrometer module 7th February 2015 Electron Muon Ranger (EMR) Cherenkov counters (CKOV) ToF 1 Secondary lithium-hydride absorber Focus-coil module Focus-coil module Secondary lithium-hydride absorber Pre-shower (KL) ToF 2 MICE Scintillating-fibre tracker Scintillating-fibre tracker
8 Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) Based at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
9 Ionization Cooling cont. Equilibrium emittance ( cooling = heating) To maximize cooling we need a material with low-z to be placed at a position where the transverse betatron function β has a minimum. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
10 B z on-axis for the cooling-demonstration lattice design. The field changes sign at the central absorber. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
11 β in the cooling-demonstration lattice. The betatron function has a minimum in the central absorber and relatively small value at the position of the secondary absorbers. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
12 200 MeV/c configuration 4D emittance (ε = 6 mm initial emittance) Emittance variation as a function of the longitudinal coordinate z in the 200 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
13 200 MeV/c configuration Performance vs. Initial emittance Fractional change in emittance vs. initial emittance for the cooling-demonstration lattice design in the 200 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
14 200 MeV/c configuration Transmission Transmission in percentage vs. initial emittance of the beam for the cooling-demonstration lattice in the 200 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
15 140 MeV/c configuration 4D emittance (ε = 4.2 mm initial emittance) Emittance variation as a function of the longitudinal coordinate z in the 140 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
16 140 MeV/c configuration Performance vs. Initial emittance Fractional change in emittance vs. initial emittance for the cooling-demonstration lattice design in the 140 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
17 140 MeV/c configuration Transmission Transmission in percentage vs. initial emittance of the beam for the cooling-demonstration lattice in the 140 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
18 240 MeV/c configuration 4D emittance (ε = 7.2 mm initial emittance) Emittance variation as a function of the longitudinal coordinate z in the 240 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
19 240 MeV/c configuration Performance vs. Initial emittance Fractional change vs. initial emittance for the cooling-demonstration lattice design in the 240 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
20 240 MeV/c configuration Transmission Transmission in percentage vs. initial emittance of the beam for the cooling-demonstration lattice in the 240 MeV/c configuration. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
21 Conclusion The Cooling Demonstration Design has been shown to deliver the performance required for the detailed study of the ionization-cooling technique; Good results for different settings: 15 % cooling achieved for 140 MeV/c (7 mm initial emittance), 8 % cooling achieved for 200 MeV/c (10 mm initial emittance), 6 % cooling achieved for 240 MeV/c (12 mm initial emittance), A descope option of the cooling demonstration, which exploits the components that are already operational or are being manufactured is also under consideration. The successful completion of the MICE program will unlock the exploitation of muon accelerators, providing the basis for a detailed study of neutrino flavour physics and for lepton-antilepton collisions at energies of up to several TeV. Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
22 Backup slides Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
23 Cooling Demonstration Design Movable frame for the secondary absorbers: Movable frame for the secondary absorber (front) and the lead radiation shutter (back), The half discs of the lead shutter (grey) and the rails inside the MICE vacuum chamber (yellow). Y. Karadzhov (UNIGE - DPNC) EPS-HEP 2013, Stockholm August 26, / 23
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