MIL grade surface mount capacitors. AEC-Q200 qualified surface mount capacitors. IECQ-CECC qualified surface mount capacitors

Transcription

1 MIL grade surface mount capacitors AEC-Q200 qualified surface mount capacitors IECQ-CECC qualified surface mount capacitors Space grade surface mount capacitors Planar arrays and discoidals Radial capacitors Filter products 2nd Edition

2 Introduction Syfer Technology Ltd manufactures quality multilayer ceramic components supplied to a worldwide customer base. Customers utilise Syfer s components in all types of applications including telecoms, industrial, automotive, military, aerospace, space and medical. ifferent applications require corresponding reliability grade components. The purpose of this document is to provide a guide to the different reliability grades of multilayer ceramic components offered by Syfer. Syfer s state-of-the-art manufacturing and test equipment in the Norwich, England facility is supported by an integrated management system approved by BSI to ISO 9001, ISO and OHSAS Customers are encouraged to visit Syfer and review / audit our facilities and systems.

3 Contents Syfer - Hi-Rel Products IECQ-CECC, Space Grade, MIL, AEC-Q200 - Surface mount capacitors 1.1 Production process flowchart 1.2 Syfer reliability grades 1.3 Syfer reliability surface mount product groups 1.4 FlexiCap termination 1.5 Tests conducted during batch manufacture 1.6 Precious Metal Electrodes Vs. Base Metal Electrodes 1.7 RoHS compliance 1.8 Release documentation 1.9 Technical summary 1.10 Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability 1.11 Product ranges (IECQ-CECC, Space Grade, MIL, AEC-Q200) 1.12 Termination types available 1.13 Ordering information Planar arrays and discoidals 2.1 Production process flowchart 2.2 Syfer planar array & discoidal reliability product groups 2.3 Tests conducted during batch manufacture 2.4 Options available 2.5 Release documentation 2.6 RoHS compliance 2.7 Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability 2.8 Planar array outlines 2.9 Ordering information Radial capacitors 3.1 Production process flowchart 3.2 Syfer radial reliability product groups 3.3 Tests conducted during batch manufacture 3.4 Additional options available 3.5 Release documentation 3.6 RoHS compliance 3.7 Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability 3.8 Product ranges 3.9 Ordering information EMI Filters 4.1 Production process flowchart 4.2 Syfer filter reliability product groups 4.3 Tests conducted during batch manufacture 4.4 Additional options available 4.5 Release documentation 4.6 RoHS compliance 4.7 Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability 4.8 Product ranges 4.9 Ordering information

4 Surface mount capacitors 1.1 to Production process flowchart Syfer reliability grades Ceramic powder preparation Electrode ink material Space Grade ESCC 3009 (1) High reliability (space quality) Multilayer build (wet process) MIL Grade (2) IECQ-CECC (3) AEC-Q200 (4) Fire components reliability Rumble Notes: (1) Space grade tested in accordance with ESCC Refer to Syfer specification S02A Internal inspection (2) MIL Grade. Released in accordance with US standards available on request. Termination (3) IECQ-CECC. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components. This is an internationally recognised product quality certification which provides customers with assurance that the product supplied meets high quality standards. Plating (if specified) Printing (if specified) View Syfer s IECQ-CECC approvals at or at (4) AEC-Q200. Automotive Electronics Council Stress Test Qualification For Passive Components. Refer to Syfer application note reference AN Syfer reliability surface mount product groups Electrical test High reliability Test verification Tandem FlexiCap TM capacitors (1) Open Mode FlexiCap TM capacitors (2) Additional sample Rel tests (if specified) FlexiCap TM capacitors (3) MLC capacitor (4) reliability 4 Additional Hi Rel activities (S02A & S05 100% burn-in, QC insp) QC inspection Packaging Finished goods store Notes: (1) Tandem construction capacitors, ie internally having the equivalent of 2 series capacitors. If one of these should fail short-circuit, there is still capacitance end to end and the chip will still function as a capacitor, although capacitance maybe affected. Refer to application note AN0021. Also available qualified to AEC-Q200. (2) Open Mode capacitors with FlexiCap TM termination also reduce the possibility of a short circuit by utilising inset electrode margins. Refer to application note AN0022. Also available qualified to AEC-Q200. (3) Multilayer capacitors with Syfer FlexiCap TM termination. By using FlexiCap TM termination, there is a reduced possibility of the mechanical cracking occurring. (4) capacitors includes MLCCs with tin finish over nickel, but no FlexiCap TM.

5 1.4 Surface mount capacitors FlexiCap termination MLCCs are widely used in electronic circuit design for a multitude of applications. Their small package size, technical performance and suitability for automated assembly makes them the component of choice for the specifier. However, despite the technical benefits, ceramic components are brittle and need careful handling on the production floor. In some circumstances they may be prone to mechanical stress damage if not used in an appropriate manner. Board flexing, depanelisation, mounting through hole components, poor storage and automatic testing may all result in cracking. Careful process control is important at all stages of circuit board assembly and transportation - from component placement to test and packaging. Any significant board flexing may result in stress fractures in ceramic devices that may not always be evident during the board assembly process. Sometimes it may be the end customer who finds out - when equipment fails! Syfer has the solution - FlexiCap FlexiCap TM has been developed as a result of listening to customers experiences of stress damage to MLCCs from many manufacturers, often caused by variations in production processes. Our answer is a proprietary flexible epoxy polymer termination material, that is applied to the device under the usual nickel barrier finish. FlexiCap TM will accommodate a greater degree of board bending than conventional capacitors. Syfer FlexiCap termination All ranges are available with FlexiCap termination material offering increased reliability and superior mechanical performance (board flex and temperature cycling) when compared with standard termination materials. Refer to Syfer application note reference AN0001. FlexiCap capacitors enable the board to be bent almost twice as much before mechanical cracking occurs. Refer to application note AN0002. FlexiCap is also suitable for Space applications having passed thermal vacuum outgassing tests. Refer to Syfer application note reference AN0026. Fired ceramic dielectric Tin outer layer Intermediate nickel layer FlexiCap benefits FlexiCap TM termination base FlexiCap TM MLCC cross section Metal electrodes With traditional termination materials and assembly, the chain of materials from bare PCB to soldered termination, provides no flexibility. In circumstances where excessive stress is applied - the weakest link fails. This means the ceramic itself, which may fail short circuit. Syfer has delivered millions of FlexiCap TM components and during that time has collected substantial test and reliability data, working in partnership with customers world wide, to eliminate mechanical cracking. An additional benefit of FlexiCap is that MLCCs can withstand temperature cycling -55ºC to 125ºC in excess of 1,000 times without cracking. Available on the following ranges: All High Reliability ranges and High Voltage chips Surge Protection and Safety capacitor chips 3 terminal EMI chips X2Y Integrated Passive Components X8R High Temperature capacitors Summary of PCB bend test results Application notes Picture taken at 1,000x magnification using a SEM to demonstrate the fibrous nature of the FlexiCap TM termination that absorbs increased levels of mechanical stress. The bend tests conducted on X7R have proven that the FlexiCap TM termination withstands a greater level of mechanical stress before mechanical cracking occurs. The AEC-Q200 test for X7R requires a bend level of 2mm minimum and a cap change of less than 10%. Product X7R termination FlexiCap Typical bend performance under AEC-Q200 test conditions 2mm to 3mm Typically 8mm to 10mm FlexiCap TM may be handled, stored and transported in the same manner as standard terminated capacitors. The requirements for mounting and soldering FlexiCap TM are the same as for standard SM capacitors. For customers currently using standard terminated capacitors there should be no requirement to change the assembly process when converting to FlexiCap TM. Based upon board bend tests in accordance with IEC the amount of board bending required to mechanically crack a FlexiCap TM terminated capacitor is significantly increased compared with standard terminated capacitors. It must be stressed however, that capacitor users must not assume that the use of FlexiCap TM terminated capacitors will totally eliminate mechanical cracking. Good process controls are still required for this objective to be achieved. The benefit to the user is to facilitate a wider process window - giving a greater safety margin and substantially reducing the typical root causes of mechanical stress cracking. FlexiCap TM may be soldered using your traditional wave or reflow solder techniques and needs no adjustment to equipment or current processes. 5

6 Surface mount capacitors 1.5 to Tests conducted during batch manufacture SM capacitors IECQ-CECC Syfer reliability SM product group AEC-Q200 MIL - PRF (1) S (space grade) High Rel S05 S02A (3) Solderability l l l l l l Resistance to soldering heat l l l l l l Plating thickness verification (if plated) l l l l l l estructive Physical Analysis (PA) l l l l l l Voltage proof test (WV / Flash) l l l l l l Insulation Resistance l l l l l l Capacitance test l l l l l l issipation Factor test l l l l l l 100% visual inspection m m l m l l 100% burn-in (2). for 100 hours) m m m l % burn-in (2). for 168 hours) m m m - l l Load sample 125ºC. (Life at elevated temperature test). m m m m m LAT1 & LAT2 (1000 hours) Humidity sample test. 85ºC/85%RH m m m m m 240 hours Hot IR sample test m m m l m m Axial pull sample test (MIL-ST-123) m m m m m m Breakdown voltage sample test m m m m m m eflection (bend) sample test m m m m m m SAM (Scanning Acoustic Microscopy) m m m m m m LAT1 (4 x adhesion, 8 x rapid temp change + LAT2 and LAT3) m LAT2 (20 x 1000 hour life test + LAT3) m LAT3 (6 x TC and 4 x solderability) m l Test conducted as standard. m Optional test. Please discuss with Syfer Sales. Notes: 1) In accordance with MIL-PRF group A. Additional optional tests available. 2) Burn-in also referred to as Voltage conditioning. 3) In accordance with ESCC Precious Metal Electrodes Vs. Base Metal Electrodes Multilayer ceramic capacitors typically require sintering temperatures in excess of 1000ºC, which presents no problems to capacitors that employ a Precious Metal Electrode (PME) system. However, for Base Metal Electrode (BME) systems additional processes are required, including the use of a reducing atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the electrodes. espite the manufacturing problems, BME multilayer ceramic capacitors have proven to be a good choice for commercial products as they have reasonable electrical properties and life expectancy and can be used for some high reliability applications when properly qualified and screened. At Syfer Technology we have been developing PME systems for over thirty years and use them exclusively for all our product lines. It produces capacitors to the highest reliability that can be used in all applications including the very demanding space requirements. A recent Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) programme was undertaken to compare Syfer PME with equivalent BME capacitors. Capacitors rated at 50 volts were tested at 400 volts and at a temperature of 180ºC. The programme used three capacitor types from Syfer and two BME manufacturers. Median Time to Failure V 33nF V 100nF V 220nF Syfer PME BME1 BME2 In all cases the Syfer PME parts out-performed the BME capacitors suggesting that the long term reliability of PME systems is superior to BME, and PME parts should be regarded as the component of choice for high reliability applications RoHS compliance All Syfer surface mount capacitors (excluding Sn/Pb plated) are compliant with the EU RoHS directive. Breakdown of materials content is available on request.

7 1.8 to 1.10 Surface mount capacitors Release documentation l Release documentation supplied as standard. m Original documentation. SM capacitors IECQ-CECC Syfer reliability SM product group AEC-Q200 MIL grade S (space grade) High Rel Certificate of conformance l - l l l IECQ-CECC Release certificate of conformity - l Batch electrical test report m m m S05 Included in data pack S (space grade) data documentation package l l S02A Included in data pack Technical summary C0G/NP0 X7R ielectric characteristics Ultra stable Stable IECQ-CECC 1B/CG 2C1 2R1 2X1 EIA MIL C0G/NP0 X7R CG(BP) BZ BX Rated temperature range -55ºC to +125ºC -55ºC to +125ºC Maximum capacitance change over temperature range No C voltage applied 0 ± 30 ppm/ºc ± 20% ± 15% ± 15% Rated C voltage applied % % Syfer dielectric ordering code C R X B Tangent of loss angle (tan δ) Cr > 50pF Cr 50pF = ( ) Cr The table above highlights the difference in coding for IECQ-CECC, EIA and MIL standards when defining the temperature coeffiecient and the voltage coefficient Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability Surface Mount Capacitors Components are randomly selected on a sample basis and the following routine tests are conducted: l Load Test Applied voltage depends on components tested. l Humidity Test ºC/85%RH. l Board eflection (bend test). Test results are available on request. Example of FIT (Failure In Time) data available: FIT RV 50% of RV 25% of RV 10% of RV Component type: 0805 (C0G/NP0 and X7R). Testing location: Syfer reliability test department. Results based on: 14,942,000 component test hours. Conversion factors: From To Operation ºC 50ºC 75ºC 100ºC 125ºC FITS MTBF (hours) 10 9 FITS FITS MTBF (years) 10 9 (FITS x 8760) FITS = Failures in 10 9 hours. MTBF = Mean time between failures. 7

8 Surface mount capacitors Periodic tests conducted for IECQ-CECC and AEC-Q200 Test ref Test Termination type or N Additional requirements Sample acceptance P n c Reference P1 High temperature exposure (storage) All types Un-powered T=150ºC. Measurement at 24 ± 2 hours after test conclusion MIL-ST-202 Method 108 P2 Temperature cycling C0G/NP0: All types X7R: Y and H only 1000 cycles -55ºC to +125ºC Measurement at 24 ± 2 hours after test conclusion JES22 Method JA-104 P3 Moisture resistance All types T = 24 hours/cycle. Note: Steps 7a and 7b not required. Un-powered. Measurement at 24 ± 2 hours after test conclusion MIL-ST-202 Method 106 P4 Biased humidity All types 1000 hours 85ºC/85%RH. Rated voltage or 50V whichever is the least and 1.5V. Measurement at 24 ± 2 hours after test conclusion MIL-ST-202 Method 103 P5 Operational life All types Condition steady state TA=125ºC at full rated. Measurement at 24 ± 2 hours after test conclusion MIL-ST-202 Method 108 P6 Resistance to solvents All types Note: Add aqueous wash chemical. o not use banned solvents MIL-ST-202 Method 215 P7 Mechanical shock C0G/NP0: All types X7R: Y and H only Figure 1 of Method 213. Condition F MIL-ST-202 Method 213 P8 Vibration C0G/NP0: All types X7R: Y and H only 5g for 20 minutes, 12 cycles each of 3 orientations. Note: Use 8 x 5 PCB thick 7 secure points on one long side and 2 secure points at corners of opposite sides. Parts mounted within 2 from any secure point. Test from Hz MIL-ST-202 Method 204 P9 Resistance to soldering heat All types Condition B, no pre-heat of samples: Single wave solder - Procedure MIL-ST-202 Method 210 P10 Thermal shock C0G/NP0: All types X7R: Y and H only -55ºC/+125ºC. Number of cycles 300. Maximum transfer time - 20 seconds, well time - 15 minutes. Air-Air MIL-ST-202 Method 107 P11 Adhesion, rapid temp change and climatic sequence X7R: A, F and J only 5N force applied for 10s, -55ºC/ +125ºC for 5 cycles, damp heat cycles BS EN Clause 4.8, 4.12 and 4.13 P12 Board flex C0G/NP0: All types X7R: Y and H only 3mm deflection Class I 2mm deflection Class II AEC-Q P13 X7R: A, F and J only 1mm deflection BS EN Clause 4.9 P14 Terminal strength All types Force of 1.8kg for 60 seconds AEC-Q P15 Beam load test All types AEC-Q P16 amp heat steady state All types 56 days, 40 C/93%RH, 15 x no volts, 15 x 5Vdc, 15 x rated voltage or 50V whichever is the less BS EN Clause 4.14 Test results are available on request.

9 1.11 Surface mount capacitors product ranges - 10V to 6kV ranges Capacitance values F. = X5R Range C0G/NP0 0.47p-3.9n 1.0p-15n 1.0p-47n 3.9p-100n 4.7p-100n 10p-220n 10p-470n 10p-470n 10p-560n n/a n/a n/a 10V X7R 100p-100n 100p-330n 100p-1.0μ 330n-1.5μ 100p-1.5μ 150n-3.3μ 220n-4.7μ 220n-5.6μ 330n-6.8µ n/a n/a n/a X5R 120n-150n 390n-680n 100p-1.5µ 330p-3.3µ 100p-2.7µ 150p-10µ 220p-15µ 220p-18µ 330p-22µ n/a n/a n/a C0G/NP0 0.47p-2.7n 1.0p-12n 1.0p-33n 3.9p-68n 4.7p-68n 10p-180n 10p-330n 10p-330n 10p-470n n/a n/a n/a 16V X7R 100p-100n 100p-330n 100p-1.0μ 330p-1.5μ 100p-1.5μ 150p-3.3μ 220p-4.7μ 220p-5.6μ 330p-6.8µ n/a n/a n/a X5R 100p-120n 100p-470n 100p-1.2µ 330p-2.7µ 100p-2.2µ 150p-6.8µ 220p-12µ 220p-12µ 330p-15µ n/a n/a n/a C0G/NP0 0.47p-2.2n 1.0p-10n 1.0p-27n 3.9p-56n 4.7p-47n 10p-150n 10p-220n 10p-220n 10p-330n n/a n/a n/a 25V X7R 100p-100n 100p-220n 100p-820n 330p-1.2μ 100p-1.2μ 150p-2.2μ 220p-3.9μ 220p-4.7μ 330p-5.6μ n/a n/a n/a X5R 100p-100n 100p-390n 100p-1.0µ 330p-2.2µ 100p-1.5µ 150p-4.7µ 220p-10µ 220p-10µ 330p-12µ n/a n/a n/a 50/63V C0G/NP0 0.47p-1.5n 1.0p-5.6n 1.0p-22n 3.9p-33n 4.7p-33n 10p-100n 10p-150n 10p-150n 10p-220n 10p-330n 390p-680n 680p-1.0µ X7R 100p-47n 100p-220n 100p-470n 330p-1.0μ 100p-680n 150p-2.2μ 220p-1.8μ 220p-3.3μ 330p-3.3μ 470p-10μ 1.0n-15μ 2.2n-22μ X5R 100p-68n 100p-330n 100p-680n 330p-1.5µ 100p-1.0µ 150p-3.3µ 220p-6.8µ 220p-6.8µ 330p-10µ n/a n/a n/a 100V 200/250V 500V 630V C0G/NP0 0.47p-470p 1.0p-2.2n 1.0p-8.2n 3.9p-18n 4.7p-18n 10p-47n 10p-68n 10p-68n 10p-82n 10p-270n 390p-470n 680p-680n X7R 100p-33n 100p-100n 100p-330n 330p-680n 100p-560n 150p-1.5μ 220p-1.5μ 220p-2.2μ 330p-2.7μ 470p-5.6μ 1n-10μ 2.2n-15μ C0G/NP0 0.47p-150p 1.0p-820p 1.0p-2.7n 3.9p-6.8n 4.7p-6.8n 10p-15n 10p-27n 10p-27n 10p-39n 10p-100n 390p-220n 680p-330n X7R 100p-10n 100p-56n 100p-150n 330p-330n 100p-270n 150p-680n 220p-1.0μ 220p-1.0μ 330p-1.5μ 470p-3.3μ 1.0n-5.6μ 2.2n-10μ C0G/NP0 0.47p-68p* 1.0p-390p 1.0p-1.5n 3.9p-4.7n 4.7p-3.9n 10p-10n 10p-18n 10p-15n 10p-22n 10p-68n 390p-150n 680p-220n X7R 100p-1.5n* 100p-10n 100p-47n 330p-120n 100p-120n 150p-330n 220p-560n 220p-560n 330p-820n 470p-1.0μ 1.0n-1.8μ 2.2n-3.3μ C0G/NP0 n/a 1.0p-180p 1.0p-1.0n 3.9p-1.8n 4.7p-2.2n 10p-5.6n 10p-10n 10p-10n 10p-15n 10p-39n 390p-68n 680p-150n X7R n/a 100p-6.8n 100p-33n 330p-47n 100p-68n 150p-180n 220p-180n 220p-330n 330p-390n 470p-680n 1.0n-1.2μ 2.2n-2.2μ 1kV C0G/NP0 n/a 1.0p-100p 1.0p-470p 3.9p-1.2n 4.7p-1.2n 10p-3.3n 10p-6.8n 10p-8.2n 10p-10n 10p-22n 390p-39n 680p-68n X7R n/a 100p-4.7n 100p-27n 330p-33n 100p-47n 150p-100n 220p-120n 220p-120n 330p-150n 470p-180n 1.0n-390n 2.2n-1.0μ 1.2kV 1.5kV C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 1.0p-220p 3.9p-680p 4.7p-1.0n 10p-2.2n 10p-3.9n 10p-4.7n 10p-6.8n 10p-18n 390p-33n 680p-47n X7R n/a n/a 100p-15n 330p-10n 100p-10n 150p-33n 220p-68n 220p-82n 330p-100n 470p-150n 1.0n-220n 2.2n-470n C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 1.0p-180p 3.9p-470p 4.7p-680p 10p-1.5n 10p-2.7n 10p-3.3n 10p-4.7n 10p-12n 390p-22n 680p-33n X7R n/a n/a 100p-10n 330p-6.8n 100p-6.8n 150p-22n 220p-47n 220p-47n 330p-68n 470p-100n 1.0n-150n 2.2n-330n 2kV C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 1.0p-150p 3.9p-220p 4.7p-270p 10p-820p 10p-1.2n 10p-1.8n 10p-2.2n 10p-5.6n 390p-10n 680p-18n X7R n/a n/a 100p-2.2n 330p-4.7n 100p-4.7n 150p-10n 220p-10n 220p-27n 330p-33n 470p-47n 1.0n-82n 2.2n-150n 2.5kV C0G/NP0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.7p-220p 10p-680p 10p-1.0n 10p-1.5n 10p-1.8n 10p-4.7n 390p-6.8n 680p-12n X7R n/a n/a n/a n/a 100p-1.5n 150p-3.3n 220p-6.8n 220p-8.2n 330p-12n 470p-33n 1.0n-68n 2.2n-100n 3kV 4kV 5kV C0G/NP0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.7p-180p 10p-470p 10p-820p 10p-1.2n 10p-1.5n 10p-3.3n 390p-6.8n 680p-10n X7R n/a n/a n/a n/a 100p-1.2n 150p-2.7n 220p-3.9n 220p-6.8n 330p-8.2n 470p-22n 1.0n-47n 2.2n-82n C0G/NP0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.7p-150p* 10p-390p* 10p-680p* 10p-1.0n* 10p-1.2n* 10p-1.5n 390p-4.7n 680p-6.8n X7R n/a n/a n/a n/a 100p-1.0n* 150p-2.2n* 220p-2.2n* 220p-4.7n* 330p-5.6n* 470p-6.8n 1.0n-15n 2.2n-33n C0G/NP0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.7p-82p* 10p-270p* 10p-470p* 10p-680p* 10p-820p* 10p-1.0n 390p-2.2n 680p-3.9n X7R n/a n/a n/a n/a 100p-680p* 150p-1.2n* 220p-1.8n* 220p-3.9n* 330p-4.7n* n/a 1.0n-10n 2.2n-22n 6kV C0G/NP0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 4.7p-56p* 10p-220p* 10p-330p* 10p-470p* 10p-560p* n/a n/a n/a X7R n/a n/a n/a n/a 100p-390p* 150p-1.0n* 220p-1.5n* 220p-2.2n* 330p-2.7n* n/a n/a n/a Note: * Indicates components that require conformal coating post soldering.

10 Surface mount capacitors IECQ-CECC Maximum capacitance values V 25V 50/63V 100V 200V 500V 1kV C0G/NP0 1.5nF 6.8nF 22nF 33nF 33nF 100nF 150nF 220nF X7R 100nF 330nF 1.0µF 1.5µF 1.5µF 3.3µF 5.6µF 6.8µF C0G/NP0 1.0nF 4.7nF 15nF 22nF 27nF 68nF 100nF 150nF X7R 56nF 220nF 820nF 1.2µF 1.2µF 2.2µF 4.7µF 5.6µF C0G/NP0 470pF 2.7nF 10nF 18nF 18nF 33nF 68nF 100nF X7R 47nF 220nF 470nF 1.0µF 680nF 1.5µF 2.2µF 3.3µF C0G/NP0 330pF 1.8nF 6.8nF 12nF 12nF 27nF 47nF 68nF X7R 10nF 47nF 150nF 470nF 330nF 1.0µF 1.5µF 1.5µF C0G/NP0 100pF 680pF 2.2nF 4.7nF 4.7nF 12nF 22nF 27nF X7R 5.6nF 27nF 100nF 220nF 180nF 470nF 1.0µF 1.0µF C0G/NP0 n/a 330pF 1.5nF 3.3nF 3.3nF 10nF 15nF 22nF X7R n/a 8.2nF 33nF 100nF 100nF 270nF 560nF 820nF C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 470pF 1.0nF 1.2nF 3.3nF 8.2nF 10nF X7R n/a n/a 4.7nF 15nF 18nF 56nF 120nF 150nF S05, S02A (1) Space Grade and MIL-PRF (2) ranges Maximum capacitance values V 25V 50/63V 100V 200V C0G/ NP0 390pF - 1.5nF 1pF - 6.8nF 1pF - 22nF 10pF - 33nF 220pF - 100nF 470pF - 150nF 560pF - 220nF X7R 330pF - 100nF 100pF - 330nF 680pF - 1.0µF 1.0nF - 1.5µF 3.9nF - 3.3µF 10nF - 5.6µF 18nF - 6.8µF C0G/ NP0 390pF - 1.0nF 1pF - 4.7nF 1pF - 15nF 10pF - 22nF 220pF - 68nF 470pF - 100nF 560pF - 150nF X7R 330pF - 56nF 100pF - 220nF 680pF - 820nF 1.0nF - 1.2µF 3.9nF - 2.2µF 10nF - 4.7µF 18nF - 5.6µF C0G/ NP0 0.5pF - 470pF 1pF - 2.7nF 1pF - 10nF 10pF - 18nF 220pF - 39nF 470pF - 68nF 560pF - 100nF X7R 330pF - 47nF 100pF - 220nF 680pF - 470nF 1.0nF - 1.0µF 3.9nF - 2.2µF 10nF - 3.3µF 18nF - 3.3µF C0G/ NP0 1pF - 330pF 1pF - 1.8nF 1pF - 6.8nF 10pF - 12nF 220pF - 27nF 470pF - 47nF 560pF - 68nF X7R 100pF - 10nF 100pF - 47nF 100pF - 150nF 1.0nF - 470nF 3.9nF - 1.0µF 10nF - 1.5µF 18nF - 1.5µF C0G/ NP0 1pF - 100pF 1pF - 680pF 1pF - 2.2nF 10pF - 4.7nF 220pF - 12nF 470pF - 22nF 560pF - 27nF X7R 100pF - 5.6nF 100pF - 27nF 100pF - 100nF 1.0nF - 220nF 3.9nF - 470nF 10nF - 1.0µF 18nF - 1.0µF Notes: 1) In accordance with ESCC ) In accordance with MIL-PRF Group A tests. 10

11 1.11 to 1.13 Surface mount capacitors AEC-Q200 Rev C ranges Maximum capacitance values. 50/63V C0G/NP0 470pF 2.7nF 10nF 18nF 39nF X7R 33nF 150nF 330nF 680nF 1.5µF 100V 200V 500V 630V 1kV C0G/NP0 330pF 1.8nF 6.8nF 12nF 27nF X7R 10nF 47nF 150nF 470nF 1µF C0G/NP0 100pF 680pF 2.2nF 4.7nF 12nF X7R 5.6nF 27nF 100nF 220nF 470nF C0G/NP0 n/a 330pF 1.5nF 3.9nF 10nF X7R n/a 8.2nF 33nF 100nF 270nF C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 1.0nF 1.8nF 5.6nF X7R n/a n/a 10nF 27nF 150nF C0G/NP0 n/a n/a 470pF 1nF 3.3nF X7R n/a n/a 4.7nF 15nF 56nF Termination types available Syfer reliability SM product group SM capacitors IECQ-CECC AEC-Q200 MIL-PRF S (space grade) High Rel (1) S05 S02A F = Silver Palladium. RoHS compliant. n n - n n n J = Silver base with nickel barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. n n C0G/NP0 dielectric only n r r A = Silver base with nickel barrier (Tin/lead plating with min. 10% lead). Y = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. H = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (Tin/ lead plating with min. 10% lead). n n - n n n n n n n r r n n - n n n n Termination available. r Termination available but generally not requested for space grade components. Please discuss with Syfer Sales. Notes: 1) In accordance with MIL-PRF group A. Additional optional tests available Ordering information product code construction 1210 Y J X T _ Chip size Termination Y = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. H = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (Tin/lead plating with min. 10% lead). F = Silver Palladium. RoHS compliant. J = Silver base with nickel barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. A = Silver base with nickel barrier (Tin/lead plating with min. 10% lead). Voltage 010 = 10V 016 = 16V 025 = 25V 050 = 50V 063 = 63V 100 = 100V 200 = 200V 250 = 250V 500 = 500V 630 = 630V 1K0 = 1kV 1K2 = 1.2kV 1K5 = 1.5kV 2K0 = 2kV 2K5 = 2.5kV 3K0 = 3kV 4K0 = 4kV 5K0 = 5kV 6K0 = 6kV Capacitance in picofarads (pf) First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0103 = 10nF Capacitance tolerance <10pF B = ±0.1pF C = ±0.25pF = ±0.5pF > 10pF F = ±1% G = ±2% J = ±5% K = ±10% M = ±20% ielectric Rel Release codes C = C0G/NP0 (1B) X = X7R (2R1) Packaging T = 178mm (7 ) reel R = 330mm (13 ) reel B = Bulk pack - tubs Suffix code Used for specific customer requirements 11

12 Surface mount capacitors IECQ-CECC product code construction 1210 Y J T _ Chip size Termination Voltage Capacitance in picofarads (pf) Capacitance tolerance ielectric Release codes (1) Packaging Suffix code Y = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. H = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (Tin/lead plating with min. 10% lead). F = Silver Palladium. RoHS compliant. J = Silver base with nickel barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. A = Silver base with nickel barrier (Tin/lead plating with min. 10% lead). 016 = 16V 025 = 25V 050 = 50V 063 = 63V 100 = 100V 200 = 200V 250 = 250V 500 = 500V 630 = 630V 1K0 = 1kV First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0103 = 10nF <10pF B = ±0.1pF C = ±0.25pF = ±0.5pF > 10pF F = ±1% G = ±2% J = ±5% K = ±10% M = ±20% = X7R (2R1) with IECQ- CECC release F = C0G/NP0 (1B/NP0) with IECQ- CECC release B = 2X1/ BX released in accordance with IECQ-CECC R = 2C1/ BZ released in accordance with IECQ-CECC T = 178mm (7 ) reel R = 330mm (13 ) reel B = Bulk pack - tubs Used for specific customer requirements S05 and S02A product code construction 1210 A J X T _ Chip size Termination Voltage Capacitance in picofarads (pf) Capacitance tolerance ielectric Rel Release codes Packaging Suffix code A = Silver base with nickel barrier (Tin/ lead plating with min. 10% lead). F = Silver Palladium. RoHS compliant. H = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (Tin/ lead plating with min. 10% lead). 016 = 16V 025 = 25V 050 = 50V 063 = 63V 100 = 100V 200 = 200V First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0103 = 10nF <10pF B = ±0.1pF C = ±0.25pF = ±0.5pF > 10pF F = ±1% G = ±2% J = ±5% K = ±10% M = ±20% C = C0G/NP0 (1B) X = X7R (2R1) T = 178mm (7 ) reel R = 330mm (13 ) reel B = Bulk pack - tubs Q = Waffle pack Used for specific customer requirements S05 = S (Space Grade) High Rel S02A = (2) S (Space Grade) High Rel Ordering information AEC-Q200 product code construction 1210 Y J E T _ Chip size Termination Y = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. J = Silver base with nickel barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. (J termination not available with X7R products). Voltage 050 = 50V 063 = 63V 100 = 100V 200 = 200V 250 = 250V 500 = 500V 630 = 630V 1K0 = 1kV Capacitance in picofarads (pf) First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0103 = 10nF Capacitance tolerance <10pF B = ±0.1pF C = ±0.25pF = ±0.5pF > 10pF F = ±1% G = ±2% J = ±5% K = ±10% M = ±20% ielectric Rel Release codes A = C0G/NP0 (1B) E = X7R (2R1) Packaging T = 178mm (7 ) reel R = 330mm (13 ) reel B = Bulk pack - tubs Suffix code Used for specific customer requirements 12 Notes: 1) A & F approved for Space applications. If another termination type is required then contact Syfer Sales. 2) Please include Lot Acceptance Test requirement (LAT1, LAT2 or LAT3) on purchase order against each line item. Tests conducted after 100% Burn-In for 168 hours): LAT1: 4 x adhesion, 8 x rapid temp change + LAT2 and LAT3. LAT2: 20 x 1000 hour life test + LAT3. LAT3: 6 x TC and 4 x solderability.

13 2.1 to 2.3 Planar arrays and discoidals Production process flowchart Syfer planar array and discoidal reliability product groups Ceramic powder preparation Electrode ink material High reliability (Space quality) Multilayer build (wet process) High Rel Space grade rill and shape Fire components reliability PA inspection Post fire visual inspection Terminate Post termination PA 100% visual inspection QC dimension inspection 100% electrical tests Final QC inspection Packing Shipping Additional electrical tests (if specified) Space product scanning acoustic microscopy Tests conducted during batch manufacture Products High Rel Space Grade Solderability l l Resistance to soldering heat l l Plating thickness verification (if plated) Plating adhesion (if plated) l l estructive Physical Analysis (PA) l l Voltage proof test (WV / Flash) l l Insulation Resistance l l Capacitance test l l issipation Factor test l l 100% visual inspection l l Crosstalk sample test (if applicable) Groundplane resistance sample test (if applicable) Breakdown voltage sample test m m Additional production screening (QP14 Section 6) SAM (Scanning Acoustic Microscopy) l l l N/A N/A Load sample 125ºC m m Electrical impulse sample test m m Humidity sample test 85ºC/85%RH m m l Test conducted as standard. m Optional test. Please discuss with Syfer Sales. l l l l m 13

14 Planar arrays and discoidals 2.4 to Options available Products High Rel Space Grade Palladium silver termination m m Platinum silver termination m m Platinum/Palladium silver m m Gold flash over nickel termination m m Lacquer (standard for components >750Vdc WV) Matched pairs m m Spring clips fitted m m m m Planar array outlines Examples of outlines MIL ST MIL ST MIL ST 1560A 8-35 MIL ST 1560A Release documentation Products High Rel Space Grade Certificate of Conformance l l Batch Test Report l l FAIRs (AS9102) m m l Release documentation supplied as standard. m Optional documentation. 50 WAY SUB MIL ST WAY SUB MIL ST WAY ARINC 600 O ST WAY ARINC 404 MS WAY SUB MIL ST WAY µ MIL ST WAY HIGH ENSITY SUB MIL ST WAY NANO RoHS compliance All planar arrays and discoidal products are compliant with the EU RoHS directive. Breakdown of materials content is available on request. 50 WAY SPECIAL 20T O ST 1842 SPECIAL Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability Components are randomly selected on a sample basis and the following routine tests are conducted: l Load test ºC. Applied voltage depends on components tested. Test results are available on request. Fired Ceramic ielectric Metal Electrodes Terminations Typical discoidal capacitor construction Ordering information For ordering information, and to discuss specific applications, please contact the Syfer sales department. 14

15 3.1 to 3.6 Radial capacitors Production process flowchart Multilayer ceramic chip manufacture Lead attachment Cleaning process Enscapulation Laser print Electrical test QC inspection Additional Rel tests including QC inspection Tests conducted during batch manufacture The following tests are in addition to the tests conducted as part of the multilayer ceramic chip manufacturing process: Products IECQ-CECC High Rel Aerospace Grade Solderability l l l Voltage proof test (WV / Flash) l l l Insulation Resistance l l l Capacitance test l l l issipation Factor test l l l 100% Burn-In 125ºC, RV for 96 hours unless otherwise specified m m l 100% visual inspection m m m Breakdown voltage sample test m m m Load sample 125ºC m m m Humidity sample test. 85ºC/85%RH l Test conducted as standard. m Optional test. Please discuss with Syfer Sales. m m m Additional options available Packaging Products IECQ- CECC High Rel Aerospace Grade Loose product Cropped leads Bandolier ifferent lead length and lead forms available Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) coated leads (not RoHS compliant) m m m m m m QC inspection ifferent packaging methods (loose or bandolier) m m m Finished goods store Syfer Radial reliability product groups Hi Rel Aerospace IECQ-CECC components High reliability (Aerospace grade) reliability IECQ-CECC - The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components. This is an internationally recognised product quality certification which provides customers with assurance that the product supplied meets high quality standards. View Syfer s IECQ-CECC approvals at or at Release documentation Products IECQ-CECC Hi Rel Aerospace Grade Certificate of Conformance l m l IECQ-CECC Release Certificate of Conformity Batch Electrical Test Report l Release documentation supplied as standard. m Original documentation RoHS compliance m l m m m m All standard Syfer radial capacitors are compliant with the EU RoHS directive. Breakdown of materials content is available on request. All Syfer radial capacitors can be supplied with SnPb coated leads for RoHS exempt applications. Special suffix codes are applied for clear identification. 15

16 Radial capacitors 3.7, Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability Components are randomly selected on a sample basis and the following routine tests are conducted: l Load test ºC. Applied voltage depends on components tested. l Humidity test ºC/85%RH. Test results are available on request. Periodic tests conducted for IECQ-CECC Tests are detailed in the following CECC specifications: l CECC ipped radial C0G/NP0 capacitors. l CECC ipped radial X7R capacitors. CECC Specification Sub-Group C1a C1b C1 Test ROT (Robustness of Terminations) RTSH (Resistance to Soldering Heat) RTC (Rapid Change of Temperature) Vibration Bump Climatic sequence (conducted on sample from C1a and C1b tests) Sample acceptance P n c C2 amp heat steady state (21 days) C3 Endurance test (1000 hours) C4 Temperature characteristic of capacitance product ranges Maximum capacitance values shown: 8111M 8111N 8121M 8121N 8121T 8131M 8131T 8141M 8151M 8161M 8171M 16 Min. cap values 50/63V 100V 200/ 250V 500V 630V 1kV 1.2kV 1.5kV 2kV 2.5kV 3kV 4kV 5kV C0G/NP0 4.7pF 4.7pF 4.7pF 4.7pF 4.7pF 4.7pF 10pF 4.7pF 10pF 39pF 68pF X7R 100pF 100pF 100pF 100pF 330pF 100pF 150pF 100pF 470pF 1.0nF 2.2nF C0G/NP0 4.7nF 4.7nF 18nF 18nF 18nF 100nF 47nF 150nF 220nF 390nF 680nF X7R 220nF 220nF 1.0µF 1.0µF 1.0µF 3.3µF 2.2µF 4.7µF 4.7µF 10µF 15µF C0G/NP0 2.7nF 2.7nF 12nF 12nF 12nF 68nF 27nF 100nF 180nF 330nF 560nF X7R 100nF 100nF 470nF 470nF 470nF 1.5µF 1.0µF 2.2µF 3.3µF 6.8µF 10µF C0G/NP0 1.0nF 1.0nF 4.7nF 4.7nF 4.7nF 27nF 12nF 47nF 82nF 120nF 270nF X7R 56nF 56nF 220nF 220nF 220nF 1.0µF 470nF 1.0µF 1.5µF 3.9µF 8.2µF C0G/NP0 470pF 470pF 3.9nF 3.9nF 3.9nF 22nF 10nF 33nF 56nF 100nF 180nF X7R 8.2nF 8.2nF 100nF 100nF 100nF 820nF 270nF 680nF 1.0µF 1.8µF 3.3µF C0G/NP0 270pF 270pF 1.8nF 1.8nF 1.8nF 15nF 5.6nF 22nF 39nF 68nF 150nF X7R nF 27nF 27nF 390nF 150nF 470nF 680nF 1.2µF 2.2µF C0G/NP nF 1.0nF 1.0nF 10nF 3.3nF 15nF 22nF 39nF 68nF X7R nF 15nF 15nF 150nF 56nF 150nF 180nF 390nF 1.0µF C0G/NP nF 2.2nF 6.8nF 18nF 33nF 47nF X7R nF 33nF 100nF 150nF 220nF 470nF C0G/NP nF 1.5nF 4.7nF 12nF 22nF 33nF X7R nF 22nF 68nF 100nF 150nF 330nF C0G/NP nF 820pF 3.3nF 5.6nF 10nF 18nF X7R nF 10nF 47nF 47nF 82nF 150nF C0G/NP nF 680pF 1.8nF 4.7nF 6.8nF 12nF X7R nF 3.3pF 12nF 33nF 68nF 100nF C0G/NP nF 470pF 1.0nF 2.2nF 4.7nF 8.2nF X7R nF 2.7nF 10nF 18nF 39nF 68nF C0G/NP nF - 680pF 1.0nF 2.2nF 4.7nF X7R nF - 5.6nF 6.8nF 15nF 33nF C0G/NP pF 560pF 1.5nF 3.3nF X7R nF 3.9nF 8.2nF 18nF 8111M 8111N 8121M 8121N 8121T 8131M 8131T 8141M 8151M 8161M 8171M

17 3.8, 3.9 Radial capacitors IECQ-CECC approved product ranges ielectric CECC Specification C0G/NP0 CECC X7R CECC Maximum capacitance values shown: 8111M 8111N 8121M 8121N 8131M 50/63V 100V 200V C0G/NP0 4.7nF 4.7nF 18nF 18nF 27nF X7R 220nF 220nF 1.0µF 1.0µF 1.0µF C0G/NP0 2.7nF 2.7nF 12nF 12nF 27nF X7R 100nF 100nF 470nF 470nF 1.0µF C0G/NP0 1.0nF 1.0nF 4.7nF 4.7nF 27nF X7R 56nF 56nF 220nF 220nF 1.0µF Minimum capacitance values for all IECQ-CECC approved ranges: C0G/NP0 3.9pF X7R 100pF Ordering information Radial leaded capacitors 8111M J C Type No/ size ref Voltage dc Capacitance (pf) Capacitance tolerance code ielectric code/ Classes Suffix code RoHS compliant/ RoHS exempt 050 = 50V 063 = 63V 100 = 100V 200 = 200V 500 = 500V 1K0 = 1kV 2K0 = 2kV 3K0 = 3kV 4K0 = 4kV 5K0 = 5kV First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0102 = 1000pF. For values below 10pF insert a P for the decimal point. Example: 8P20 = 8.2pF. Ultra Stable class = ± 0.5pF (Cr < 47pF) F = ± 1% (Cr 47pF) G = ± 2% (Cr 27pF) J = ± 5% (Cr 10pF) K = ± 10% (Cr 10pF) Stable class J = ± 5% K = ± 10% M = ± 20% C = Ultra Stable CECC = 1B/CG EIA = C0G/NP0 MIL = CG/(BP) X = Stable CECC = 2R1 EIA = X7R (Special order) B = Stable CECC = 2X1 MIL = BX R = Stable CECC = 2C1 MIL = BZ The remaining alpha/numeric digits are used to denote variation from the standard products of customer special rquirements (electrical, packing, mechanical, environmental, coding etc.) C42 : RoHS compliant A31 : RoHS exempt tin-lead finish, 8151 and larger A97 : RoHS exempt tin-lead finish, up to and incl Note: If IECQ-CECC release required then please ensure clearly stated on purchase orders. 17

18 EMI Filters 4.1 to Production process flowchart Multilayer ceramic part manufacture - discoidal or planar array Solder assembly Cleaning process Enscapulation (as required) Electrical test Tests conducted during batch manufacture products High Rel aerospace grade Solderability Voltage proof test (WV / Flash) Insulation Resistance Capacitance test issipation Factor test 100% visual inspection Sample inductance presence Sample insertion loss (depends on product) 100% Burn-in 125ºC, RV for 96 hours unless otherwise specified - m Breakdown voltage sample test - m Load sample 125ºC - m Humidity sample test. 85ºC/85%RH - m l Test conducted as standard. m Optional test, depending on product. Please discuss with Syfer Sales. QC inspection Packaging Finished goods store Additional Rel Tests including QC inspection Additional options available Special testing in accordance with the general requirements of MIL-PRF & MIL-PRF Cropped axial Leads Special plating finishes Special electrical testing (e.g. 500Vac) Lacquer / conformal coat Matched pairs (balanced line products) Unique custom designs Release documentation products Custom specific m m m m m m m Custom specific Certificate of Conformance Batch Electrical Test Report m m FAIRS (AS9102) m m Syfer filter reliability product groups High reliability l Test conducted as standard. m Optional test. Please discuss with Syfer Sales RoHS compliance All standard Syfer filters are compliant with the EU RoHS directive. Breakdown of materials content is available on request. High Rel Aerospace Periodic tests conducted and reliability data availability 18 components reliability Components are randomly selected on a sample basis and the following routine tests are conducted: l Sample Insertion Loss. l Load Test. 168/1000 Applied voltage/test duration depends on component type. Test results are available on request.

19 4.8 to 4.9 EMI Filters X2Y Integrated Passive Components (E03) - AEC-Q200 Rev C ranges Maximum capacitance values V 100V C0G/NP0 470pF 1.5nF 5.6nF 10nF X7R 33nF 150nF 330nF 560nF C0G/NP0 330pF 1.0nF 3.9nF 6.8nF X7R 15nF 47nF 150nF 330nF Note: For some lower capacitance parts, higher voltage rated parts may be supplied Terminal EMI Components (E01) - AEC-Q200 Rev C ranges Maximum capacitance values V 100V C0G/NP0 820pF 1.0nF 2.2nF X7R 47nF 100nF 200nF C0G/NP0 560pF 1.0nF 2.2nF X7R 15nF 15nF 68nF Note: For some lower capacitance parts, higher voltage rated parts may be supplied Ordering information AEC-Q200 product code construction 1206 Y M E T E01 Chip size Termination Y = FlexiCap TM termination base with Ni barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. J = Silver base with nickel barrier (100% matte tin plating). RoHS compliant. (J termination not available with X7R products). Voltage 050 = 50V 100 = 100V Capacitance in picofarads (pf) First digit is 0. Second and third digits are significant figures of capacitance code. The fourth digit is number of zeros following Example: 0103 = 10nF Capacitance tolerance M = ±20% ielectric Rel Release codes A = C0G/NP0 AEC-Q200 E = X7R AEC-Q200 Packaging T = 178mm (7 ) reel R = 330mm (13 ) reel B = Bulk pack - tubs Suffix code E01 = EMI Chip E03 = X2Y Integrated Passive Components 19

20 ielectric Laboratories, Inc 2777 Route 20 East, Cazenovia, NY USA Phone: Fax: ow-key Microwave Corporation 4822 McGrath Street, Ventura, CA USA Phone: Fax: Copyright CMP design - creations@panpublicity.co.uk K&L Microwave Corporation 2250 Northwood rive, Salisbury, M USA Phone: Fax: sales@klmicrowave.com Novacap Anza rive, Valencia, CA USA Phone: Fax: sales@novacap.com Pole Zero Corporation 5530 Union Centre rive, West Chester, OH USA Phone: Fax: support@polezero.com Syfer Technology Limited Old Stoke Road, Arminghall, Norwich, NR14 8SQ UK Phone: Fax: sales@syfer.co.uk Voltronics Corporation 100 Ford Rd. Ste enville, NJ USA Phone: Fax: info@voltronicscorp.com 40/09 Ceramic & Microwave Products (CMP) designs, manufactures and sells special electronic components and systems including; high performance filters, switches, capacitors, EMI and co-site signal interference solutions. Our products are used in military and space, telecom infrastructure, medical and industrial applications where function and reliability are crucial.