Detonation Structure
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1 Planar Detonations and Detonation Structure Jerry Seitzman. 5 Mole Fraction.5..5 CH4 HO HCO emerature Methane Flame...3 Distance (cm) 5 5 emerature (K) Detonations - Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. ZND Model: Detonation Structure Generally, molecular collisions that euilibrate and translational energy recede chemical reactions characteristic momentum transfer collision < ns characteristic chemical reactions > O( µs) Suggests detonation is Zeldovich, von Neumann, Döring u leading shock followed u by reaction zone shock raises and M goes subsonic autoignition after delay heat release,, like deflagration shock reaction zone induction zone Detonations - Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.
2 Weak Detonations After leading shock wave, flow reduced to subsonic o achieve weak detonation, flow must reaccelerate to M > If induction/reaction zones only have heat release would violate nd Law M > can t go from subsonic to suersonic D flow with heat addition (> always drives toward M=) a M b < M > b Detonations -3 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. Weak Detonations Look at ath on Rayleigh Hugoniot a b c d e e a / o go from d to e, need negative heat release (endothermic reactions) reuires chemistry to overshoot euilibrium b,c d / Detonations -4 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved.
3 Chaman-Jouget Detonations No weak (unallowed), strong (unstable) detonation a b c d U a / Only leaves Chaman-Jouget solution C-J detonation is lanar detonation solution We have constraint to add to 5 conservation and state euations: M = 6 es., 6 unknowns! b,c d U / Detonations -5 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. CJ Detonation Euations Find detonation wave seed, D u and roduct roerties ( /, /, /, u ) CJ constraint u = a R Mass D = u = γ W Rayleigh γ + D = γ M = For strong detonation, / >> ( γ, W ) γ R W = D, γ + γ = + = + γ γ γ Detonations -6 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. 3
4 Detonations -7 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. CJ Detonation Euations W Virial, P.G. = W In above euations, still need roduct comosition to get γ, W and high, assume roducts in chem. euilibrium small changes in radical oulations/ollutants will not change roduct roerties significantly Hugoniot ( ) h h = + R e ( ) e = γ γ W a sol n method: guess, ; find Y i / D, / :Iterate Eamle: H -Air CJ Detonation 98 K, atm 5 5 Velocity (m/s) 5 5 M u D 4 3 u -u φ= Hydrogen (%) Detonation Mach # Detonations -8 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. 4
5 Detonation Limits 98 K, atm Don t get steady, selfsustained detonation if miture is too rich or too lean Not euil. issue kinetics, losses Detonations -9 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. Velocity (m/s) M u 5 D 4 3 u -u φ= Hydrogen (%) Detonation Mach # 3D Detonation Structure -d detonation -d/3-d detonation Detonations - Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. from immes et al., Astrohysical J., () 5
6 Front Proagation Detonations - Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. from immes et al., Astrohysical J., () Eerimental Evidence Smoke foil records trile oint tracks 4 mm Detonations - Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. 34 mm 6
7 rile Point Region Detonations -3 Coyright 4-5 by Jerry M. Seitzman. All rights reserved. from Numerical Simulations of Gaseous Detonations, 7
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