The FAIR facility. Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Transcription

1 The FAIR facility Ruhr-Universität Bochum Williamsburg, 4-June-2010

2 Research Communities at FAIR SIS 100/300 Hadron Physics with antiprotons of 0-15 GeV Plasma Physics: x600 higher target energy density 600kJ/g Special Features: 50ns Bunched beams Electron cooling of secondary beams SC magnets fast ramping Parallel operation HESR CR- RESR NESR 100 m Super FRS FLAIR CBM HADES Rare Isotope Production Target Antiproton Production Target Nuclear Matter Physics with GeV/u HI beams, x1000 Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics with rare isotope beams, x and excellent cooling High EM Field (HI) _ Fundamental Studies (HI & p) Applications (HI) B. Sharkov

3 Development of Project Staging 2003 Recommendation by WissenschaftsRat FAIR Realisation in three stages 2005 Entire Facility Baseline Technical Report Phase B SIS Phase A 2009 Module 0 SIS100 Module 1 expt areas CBM/HADES and APPA Module 2 Super-FRS fixed target area NuSTAR Module 3 pbar facility, incl. CR for PANDA, options for NuSTAR Module 4 LEB for NuSTAR, NESR for NuSTAR and APPA, FLAIR for Module 5 RESR nominal intensity for PANDA & parallel operation with Module 6 SIS300 HESR Cooler ER B. Sharkov

4 Development of Project Staging 2003 Recommendation by WissenschaftsRat FAIR Realisation in three stages 2005 Entire Facility Baseline Technical Report Phase B SIS Phase A 2009 Module 0 SIS100 Module 1 expt areas CBM/HADES and APPA Module 2 Super-FRS fixed target area NuSTAR Modularized Start Version Module 3 pbar facility, incl. CR for PANDA, options for NuSTAR Module 4 LEB for NuSTAR, NESR for NuSTAR and APPA, FLAIR for Module 5 RESR nominal intensity for PANDA & parallel operation with Module 6 SIS300 HESR Cooler ER B. Sharkov

5 Cost Estimate Modules 0-3 (Price Basis 2005) Total accelerator and personnel Modules Total civil construction Modules Experiment funding 78 FAIR GmbH personnel and running costs 47 Grand Total Modules all values in M B. Sharkov

6 Firm Commitments FAIR Countries Total declared Contribution (k ) Austria China Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece India Italy Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Slovakia Spain Sweden Total Firm Commitments not firm for the first batch B. Sharkov

7 Firm Commitments B. Sharkov FAIR Countries Total declared Contribution (k ) Austria China Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece India Italy Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Slovakia Spain Sweden Total Firm Commitments not firm for the first batch Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia signed the Declaration to contribute at least 1 %

8 Firm Commitments B. Sharkov FAIR Countries Total declared Contribution (k ) Austria China Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece India Italy Poland Romania Russia Slovenia Slovakia Spain Sweden Total Firm Commitments not firm for the first batch Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia signed the Declaration to contribute at least 1 % Primeminister Putin signed. Officially publicized last week.

9 B. Sharkov

10 Dear Colleagues, We are happy to inform you that the Decree of the Russian Government on Russian participation in FAIR project was issued and published. Its number is 245-p of February 27, By this decision Russian Government approved the project of FAIR Convention with Russian contribution to FAIR construction in the amount of 178,05 MEuro (prices of January 2005) and authorized the State Corporation Rosatom to be Russian Shareholder of FAIR Company. Sincerely, O.Patarakin, P.Bogdanov. B. Sharkov

11 Roadmap to foundation the FAIR company Week 1: Completion of legal documents Week 8: Documents sent out by Foreign Office to other countries Week 13: Translated documents back in Foreign Office Week 19: Bilateral agreements on open problems Week 22: Legal documents available in 5 official languages Week 32: Formal agreement of all partner countries Week 33: Translation conference Week 37: Formal signing of the FAIR convention Week 38: Founding of FAIR GmbH B. Sharkov

12 Roadmap to foundation the FAIR company Week 1: Completion of legal documents Week 8: Documents sent out by Foreign Office to other countries Week 13: Translated documents back in Foreign Office Week 19: Bilateral agreements on open problems Week 22: Legal documents available in 5 official languages Week 32: Formal agreement of all partner countries Week 33: Translation conference Week 37: Formal signing of the FAIR convention Week 38: Founding of FAIR GmbH B. Sharkov

13 Roadmap Start of construction activities 2010/11 +1 year Schedule is driven by civil construction Aim for earliest commissioning of accelerators and respective experiments +1 year +1 year +1 year B. Sharkov

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15 Hadron Physics and its Hot Topics

16 Hadron Structure Hadron Physics and its Hot Topics

17 Hadron Structure Hadron Physics and its Hot Topics Hadron Spectroscopy

18 Hadron Structure Hadron Physics and its Hot Topics Hadron Spectroscopy Hadronic Interactions

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21 Basic underlying theory is known: QCD but

22 Basic underlying theory is known: QCD but

23 Hadron Physics at FAIR with PANDA

24 !

25 The PANDA Detector

26 PANDA Collaboration At present a group of 420 physicists from 54 institutions and 16 countries Austria Belaruz China France Germany India Italy The Netherlands Poland Romania Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland U.K. U.S.A. Basel, Beijing, Bochum, IIT Bombay, Bonn, Brescia, IFIN Bucharest, Catania, IIT Chicago, AGH-UST Cracow, JGU Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, Cracow UT, Edinburgh, Erlangen, Ferrara, Frankfurt, Genova, Giessen, Glasgow, GSI, FZ Jülich, JINR Dubna, Katowice, KVI Groningen, Lanzhou, LNF, Lund, Mainz, Minsk, ITEP Moscow, MPEI Moscow,TU München, Münster, Northwestern, BINP Novosibirsk, IPN Orsay, Pavia, IHEP Protvino, PNPI St.Petersburg, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, Dep. A. Avogadro Torino, Dep. Fis. Sperimentale Torino, Torino Politecnico, Trieste, TSL Uppsala, Tübingen, Uppsala, Valencia, SINS Warsaw, TU Warsaw, AAS Wien Spokesperson: (Bochum)

27 Hadron Structure!

28 The Nucleon (as composed by fundamental particles)

29 Gluon polarization results from SMC, HERMES, and COMPASS, in comparison with theoretical fits g/g COMPASS, open charm, prel., COMPASS, high p, Q <1 (GeV/c), prel., T 2 COMPASS, high p, Q >1 (GeV/c), prel., T HERMES, single high p 2 T SMC, high p, Q >1 (GeV/c) T 2 fit with G>0, µ =3(GeV/c) 2 fit with G<0, µ =3(GeV/c) 2 2 hadrons, all Q, arxiv: x

30 Elastic scattering... reveals transverse quark distribution in coordinate space

31 Deep inelastic scattering... reveals longitudinal quark distribution in momentum space

32 Common description: Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs)

33 Electromagnetic Processes: pp γγ γ γ crossed-channel Compton scattering p γ p p p γ Handbag diagram separates a soft part described by GPDs from a hard qq annihilation process Predicted rates*: several thousand / month or above Exp. problem: Background channels like π 0 γ or π 0 π stronger. *A. Freund, A. Radyushkin, A. Schäfer, and C. Weiss, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003).

34 Related exclusive annihilation processes studies: p p π, ρ, φ,... γ p γ* q q u u d p γ p p e + e check of factorization.

35 Electromagnetic form factors of the proton... can be extracted from the cross section: p + p e + + e dσ d( cosθ * ) = πα 2 2 c 2 2xs G 2 M 1 + cos 2 θ * ( ) + 4m 2 p s ( ) G E 2 1 cos 2 θ * (first order QED prediction) Data at high Q 2 test QCD predictions for the asymptotic behavior of the form factors and spacelike-timelike equality at corresponding Q 2.

36 MC studies PANDA will measure the form factors in the biggest Q 2 range for a single experiment up to values of ~20 GeV 2 /c 4 (beam time dependent).

37 Hadron Spectroscopy

38 Positronium Charmonium 7 Dissociation energy 1000 Relative energy (ev) n = 2 n = S1 2 3 S1 1 3 S1 1 3 S0 L = P1 L = P2 2 3 P0 2 3 P1 Relative energy (MeV) η c 2 3 S1 ηc 1 3 S0 ψ 2 3 S1 ψ 1 3 S1 ψ hc 2 1 P1 L = 0 L = 1 DD threshold χ2 2 3 P2 χ1 2 3 P1 χ0 2 3 P0 bound states Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet e nm e c 1 fm c

39 X(3872) X and Y mesons ψ B K π+ π - J/ψ Belle BaBar e + e - γ ISR π + π - J/ψ Y(4260) Belle X(3872) M(π + π - J/ψ) M(J/ψ) Y(4008)? Belle Y(3940) BaBar M(π + π -J/ ψ) B K ωj/ψ e + e - γ ISR π + π - ψ Y(4350) & Y(4660) BaBar Belle M(ωJ/ψ) M(ωJ/ψ) X(3940) e + e - DD*J/ψ Belle X(4160) e + e - D*D*J/ψ Belle M(π + π - ψ ) Y(4140) CDF B K φj/ψ Y(4630) e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle M(DD*) M(D*D*) M(φJ/ψ) M(Λ c Λ c )

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41 X(3940) Y(4350) BaBar Y(4260) Y(3940) Belle ψ Belle X(3872) BaBar Y(3940) Y(4008)? Belle Y(4260) Belle BaBar Belle X(4160) Y(4350) & Y(4660) Belle e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle Y(4630) Y(4140) CDF

42 X(3940) Y(4350) BaBar Y(4260) Y(3940) Belle ψ Belle X(3872) BaBar Y(3940) Y(4008)? Belle Y(4260) Belle BaBar Belle X(4160) Y(4350) & Y(4660) Belle e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle Y(4630) Y(4140) CDF

43 !

44 Z + (4430) - a new state of matter (tetraquark?) decaying into π + ψ BELLE 7σ M = (4.433 ± (stat) ± (syst)) GeV Γ = ( (stat) (syst)) GeV B (B KZ(4430) B (Z π + ψ ) = (4.1 ± 1.0 (stat) ± 1.3 (syst)) 10 5 PRL 100, (2008) arxiv: [hep-ex]

45 The Standard Model - What is the world made of? - Hadrons, Baryons, and Mesons Like social elephants, quarks only exist in groups with other quarks and are never found alone. Composite particles made of quarks are called uarks and leptons Matter & antimatter What is antimatter? uarks he naming of quarks adrons, baryons and mesons eptons epton decays epton type conservation epton decay quiz eutrinos uiz - What particles are made of Although individual quarks have fractional electrical charges, they combine such that hadrons have a net integer electric charge. Another property of hadrons is that they have no net color charge even though the quarks themselves carry color charge (we will talk more about this later). There are two classes of hadrons (try putting your mouse on the elephants):...are any hadron which is made of three quarks (qqq)....contain one quark (q) and one antiquark ( ). Because they are made of two up quarks and one down quark (uud), protons are baryons. So are neutrons (udd). One example of a meson is a pion ( + ), which is made of an up quark and a down anitiquark. The antiparticle of a meson just has its quark and antiquark switched, so an antipion ( - ) is made up a down quark and an up antiquark. Because a meson consists of a particle and an antiparticle, it is very unstable. The kaon (K - ) meson lives much longer than most mesons, which is why it was called "strange" and gave this name to the strange quark, one of its components. A weird thing about hadrons is that only a very very very small part of the mass of a hadron is due to the quarks in it.

46 Because they are made of two up quarks and one down quark (uud), protons are baryons. So are neutrons (udd). One example of a meson is a pion ( + ), which is made of an up quark and a down anitiquark. The antiparticle of a meson just has its quark and antiquark switched, so an antipion ( - ) is made up a down quark and an up antiquark. Because a meson consists of a particle and an antiparticle, it is very unstable. The kaon (K - ) meson lives much longer than most mesons, which is why it was called "strange" and gave this name to the strange quark, one of its components. A weird thing about hadrons is that only a very very very small part of the mass of a hadron is due to the quarks in it.

47 Glueballs

48 Glueballs Creation of Mass

49 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism.

50 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction.

51 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW??????

52 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe.

53 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are

54 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are therefore an unique approach to the mass creation by the strong

55 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are therefore an unique approach to the mass creation by the strong interaction.

56 Glueballs

57 Glueballs, closed fluxtubes and η(1440) Ludvig Faddeev, Antti Niemi and Phys.Rev.D70:114033, 2004

58 Crystal Barrel pp π 0 π 0 π 0 Dalitz plot events = entries

59 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent

60 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent

61 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent

62 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 E 760 (Fermilab) pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent σ m (beam) = 0.5 MeV

63 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 E 760 (Fermilab) pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent σ m (beam) = 0.5 MeV

64 The glueball spectrum

65 Hadron Interactions

66 Hypernuclear physics: a multicultural activity nuclear reaction nuclear structure QCD and chiral symmetry many-body systems nuclear physics hypernuclei hot nuclear medium hadron structure particle physics astrophysics

67 Hypernuclear physics: a multicultural activity nuclear reaction nuclear structure nuclear physics hot nuclear medium Hypernuclei offer a bridge between traditional nuclear physics, hadron physics and astrophysics It helps to explore fundamental questions like QCD and hadron How do nucleons and chiral nuclei form out of quarks? symmetry structure Can nuclear structure be derived quantitatively from QCD? Properties of strange baryons in nuclei hypernuclei and structure of QCD many-body vacuum? particle systems physics Can we constrain the interior of neutron stars? astrophysics

68 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart

69 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart

70 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart Increasing strangeness Present limitations only single Λ-hypernuclei close to valley of stability only very few ΛΛ-hypernuclei events no information on antihyperons in nuclei

71 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart Increasing strangeness Present limitations only single Λ-hypernuclei close to valley of stability only very few ΛΛ-hypernuclei events no information on antihyperons in nuclei

72 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart Increasing strangeness Present limitations only single Λ-hypernuclei close to valley of stability only very few ΛΛ-hypernuclei events no information on antihyperons in nuclei

73 Adding the third dimension to the nuclear chart Increasing strangeness Present limitations only single Λ-hypernuclei close to valley of stability only very few ΛΛ-hypernuclei events no information on antihyperons in nuclei

74 Production of Hypernuclei at PANDA

75 Production of Hypernuclei at PANDA _ p 3 GeV/c Kaons _ Ξ - Ξ trigger _ p beam HESR primary 12 C target

76 Production of Hypernuclei at PANDA _ p 3 GeV/c Kaons _ Ξ - Ξ Sandwich target Si-strip + Be,B,C trigger absorbers _ p beam primary 12 C target Active secondary target Λ Λ +28MeV

77 Production of Hypernuclei at PANDA _ p 3 GeV/c Kaons _ Ξ - Ξ Sandwich target Si-strip + Be,B,C trigger absorbers _ p beam primary 12 C target Active secondary target Λ Λ +28MeV γ Array of HPGe

78 PANDA Detector set-up for hypernuclei physics θ lab < 45 : θ lab = : θ lab >90 : _ Ξ, K trigger (PANDA) Ξ-capture, hypernucleus formation γ-detection Euroball at backward angles

79 PANDA Detector set-up for hypernuclei physics θ lab < 45 : θ lab = : θ lab >90 : _ Ξ, K trigger (PANDA) Ξ-capture, hypernucleus formation γ-detection Euroball at backward angles

80 Antiproton-Nucleus Interaction

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82 The long-term future at FAIR

83 Polarized p Accelerator Setup Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) High Energy Synchrotron Ring (HESR) Phase I: Polarized Internal Target Phase II: Asymmetric Antiproton-Proton Collider Polarized Antiproton Experiments

84 idea: P L > /cm 2 s s 1/2 > 10GeV (3.3GeV e - 15GeV p) 8MV ecool e -pol. e- -inj. ering HESR pring PANDA polarised e - ( > 80%) polarised p / d ( > 80%) (transversal + longitudinal) using the PANDA detector Common effort of German Universities (Bonn, Mainz, Dortmund) plus collaboration with Research Centres FZJ, DESY, GSI,...

85 Thank you for your attention!