Search for Glueballs and Hybrids in Antiproton-Proton Annihilations. Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum

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1 Search for Glueballs and Hybrids in Antiproton-Proton Annihilations Ulrich Wiedner Ruhr-Universität Bochum INT-JLAB Workshop on Hadron Spectroscopy, November 9, 2009

2 Experiment: look for Gluon-rich Processes WA 79, WA 102 MARK III, DM2, BES ASTERIX, Crystal Barrel, OBELIX, E835

3 Self Interaction of Color Fields

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6 Basic underlying theory is known: QCD but

7 Basic underlying theory is known: QCD but

8 Positronium Charmonium 7 Dissociation energy 1000 Relative energy (ev) n = 2 n = S1 2 3 S1 1 3 S1 1 3 S0 L = P1 L = P2 2 3 P0 2 3 P1 Relative energy (MeV) η c 2 3 S1 ηc 1 3 S0 ψ 2 3 S1 ψ 1 3 S1 ψ hc 2 1 P1 L = 0 L = 1 DD threshold χ2 2 3 P2 χ1 2 3 P1 χ0 2 3 P0 bound states Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet Singlet Triplet e nm e c 1 fm c

9 X(3872) X and Y mesons ψ B K π+ π - J/ψ Belle BaBar e + e - γ ISR π + π - J/ψ Y(4260) Belle X(3872) M(π + π - J/ψ) M(J/ψ) Y(4008)? Belle Y(3940) BaBar M(π + π -J/ ψ) B K ωj/ψ e + e - γ ISR π + π - ψ Y(4350) & Y(4660) BaBar Belle M(ωJ/ψ) M(ωJ/ψ) X(3940) e + e - DD*J/ψ Belle X(4160) e + e - D*D*J/ψ Belle M(π + π - ψ ) Y(4140) CDF B K φj/ψ Y(4630) e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle M(DD*) M(D*D*) M(φJ/ψ) M(Λ c Λ c )

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11 X(3940) Y(4350) BaBar Y(4260) Y(3940) Belle ψ Belle X(3872) BaBar Y(3940) Y(4008)? Belle Y(4260) Belle BaBar Belle X(4160) Y(4350) & Y(4660) Belle e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle Y(4630) Y(4140) CDF

12 X(3940) Y(4350) BaBar Y(4260) Y(3940) Belle ψ Belle X(3872) BaBar Y(3940) Y(4008)? Belle Y(4260) Belle BaBar Belle X(4160) Y(4350) & Y(4660) Belle e + e - γ ISR Λ c Λ c Belle Y(4630) Y(4140) CDF

13 Z + (4430) - a new state of matter (tetraquark?) decaying into π + ψ BELLE 7σ M = (4.433 ± (stat) ± (syst)) GeV Γ = ( (stat) (syst)) GeV B (B KZ(4430) B (Z π + ψ ) = (4.1 ± 1.0 (stat) ± 1.3 (syst)) 10 5 PRL 100, (2008) arxiv: [hep-ex]

14 Z + (4430) PRL 100, (2008) Horizontal band = Z + (4430) K*(1430) K*(892)

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16 NEW results on Z(4430) + from Dalitz plot fit A B C D E A B C D The results of the DP fit in its slices with Z: Confidence Level of the fit WITH Z(4430) + is 36% E Significance of Z is 6.4σ

17 Parameters of the new EXOTIC Z + 1,2 π+ χ c1 states and Mass(π + χ c1 ) distribution No discrimination between J=0 or 1 are the same order as obtained for other, possibly exotic X,Y,Z states.

18 S. Olsen s conclusion at the Charmed Exotic Workshop (2009): Z(4430) + signal in B Kπψ persists with a more complete amplitude analysis. signif. ~6σ, product Bf ~3x10-5 (with large errors) No significant contradiction with the BaBar results signif. = 2~3σ, Product Bf<3x10-5 Z 1 (4050) & Z 2 (4250), seen in B Kπχ c1, have similar properties (i.e. M & Γ) & product Bf s signif. (at least one Z + )>10σ; (two Z + states)>5σ

19 PANDA: pp Z + (4430) + π ] 4 /c 2 [GeV 2 m("(2s)!) m("(2s)!) [GeV /c ]

20 PANDA: pp Z + (4430) + π ψ(2s)π + J/ψ π + π 2 Entries / 10 MeV/c FWHM: 50 MeV Efficiency: 24% m("(2s)!) [GeV/c ]

21 PANDA: pd Z (4430) + p ψ(2s)π J/ψ π + π 2 Entries / 1.5 MeV/c FWHM: 22.5 MeV Efficiency: 35% Entries / 7 MeV/c FWHM: 11.2 MeV m("(2s)!) [GeV/c ] m(j/"! +! - ) [GeV/c ]

22 X(3872) B KX; p p X π + π J/ψ X π + π π 0 J/ψ X γj/ψ; X γψ(2s) X(3875) D 0 D0 π 0 J PC = 1 ++ M = ± 0.6 Γ < 2.3 > 10 σ? DD* molecule threshold effect tetraquark X(3872)

23 Y(3940) B KY Y ωj/ψ J PC = J P + M = 3943 ± 17 Γ = 87 ± 34 8 σ Observed decay mode: J/ψ + ω is huge (> 7 MeV)

24 Decay of charmonium hybrids Lattice results* *UKQCD, C. McNeile et al.; Phys.Rev.D 65:094505, 2002; C. Michael, hep-lat/

25 What is the nature of these states? Quarkonia? Molecules? Hybrids?

26 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages:

27 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages: Production vs. Formation

28 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages: Production vs. Formation

29 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages: Production vs. Formation

30 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages: Production vs. Formation Discovery potential

31 PANDA antiproton physics has advantages: Production vs. Formation Discovery potential Precision physics

32 Formation experiments cannot produce exotic J PC.

33 Formation experiments cannot produce exotic J PC. Production experiments can produce exotic J PC.

34 Formation experiments cannot produce exotic J PC. Production experiments can produce exotic J PC. Signal in production but no signal in formation

35 Formation experiments cannot produce exotic J PC. Production experiments can produce exotic J PC. Signal in production but no signal in formation very interesting

36 Crystal Barrel pp π 0 π 0 π 0 Dalitz plot events = entries

37 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent

38 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent

39 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent

40 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 E 760 (Fermilab) pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent σ m (beam) = 0.5 MeV

41 Production of χ 1,2 e + e - ψ γχ 1,2 γ (γj/ψ) γγ (e + e - ) Reconstruction of invariant mass: detector resolution dependent Formation of χ 1,2 E 760 (Fermilab) pp χ 1,2 γj/ψ γ (e + e - ) Rate measurement (beam energy dependent): detector resolution independent σ m (beam) = 0.5 MeV

42 The width of the XYZ states cannot be determined in decays (limited detector resolution) but in scanning experiments with antiprotons.

43 X(3872) π + π J/ψ in BaBar BABAR: PRD 77, (2008) [413 fb -1 ] recent results 413 fb -1 B + X(3872)K fb -1 B 0 X(3872)K 0 S 8.6σ 2.3σ m J/ψπ+π- (GeV/c 2 ) BABAR m J/ψπ+π- (GeV/c 2 ) = (2.7 ± 1.6 ±0.4) MeV = 0.41 ± 0.24 ± 0.05 S. charmed exotics workshop 2009

44 M(X(3872)) π + π J/ψ mode only <M X >= ± 0.19 MeV new Belle meas. new CDF meas. M D0 + M D*0. δm = ± 0.41 MeV S. charmed exotics workshop 2009

45 Resonance scan Measure rate of final state under study: R i = L 0 σ(p i ) K (Δp/p, p i p R ) (K takes overlap between beam and resonance into account)

46 MC Studien

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49 Properties of the π 1 (1400) Decay: (ηπ) L=1 Mass: 1400 ± 30 MeV Width: 310 ± 70 MeV Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 + not possible from qq

50 Properties of the π 1 (1400) Decay: (ηπ) L=1 Mass: 1400 ± 30 MeV Width: 310 ± 70 MeV Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 + not possible from qq

51 Properties of the π 1 (1400) Decay: (ηπ) L=1 Mass: 1400 ± 30 MeV Width: 310 ± 70 MeV Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 + not possible from qq

52 Properties of the π 1 (1400) Decay: (ηπ) L=1 Mass: 1400 ± 30 MeV Width: 310 ± 70 MeV Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 + not possible from qq J = L + S P = ( 1) L+1 C = ( 1) L+S

53 Properties of the π 1 (1400) Decay: (ηπ) L=1 Mass: 1400 ± 30 MeV Width: 310 ± 70 MeV Quantum numbers: J PC = 1 + not possible from qq J = L + S P = ( 1) L+1 C = ( 1) L+S Previous indications of this resonance: π p (π 0 η)n (GAMS/CERN, 100 GeV/c, 1988) π p (π 0 η)n (VES/Serpukhov, 100 GeV/c, 1993) π p (π 0 η)n (E852/Brookhaven, 18 GeV/c, 1997)) M: MeV/c 2, Γ: MeV

54 Exotic production in pp:

55 What is the nature of these states? Quarkonia? Molecules? Hybrids?

56 What is the nature of these states? Quarkonia? Molecules? Hybrids? Wait for PANDA

57 Glueballs

58 Glueballs Creation of Mass

59 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism.

60 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction.

61 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW??????

62 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe.

63 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are

64 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are therefore an unique approach to the mass creation by the strong

65 Glueballs Creation of Mass A few % of the proton mass is generated due to the Higgs mechanism. Most of the proton mass is created by the strong interaction. HOW?????? We do not understand most of the baryonic mass of the Universe. Glueballs gain their mass solely by the strong interaction and are therefore an unique approach to the mass creation by the strong interaction.

66 Glueballs

67 Glueballs, closed fluxtubes and η(1440) Ludvig Faddeev, Antti Niemi and Ulrich Wiedner Phys.Rev.D70:114033, 2004

68 The glueball spectrum

69 QCD systems

70 QCD systems p p Crystal Barrel PS ( 28 GeV Proton Syncrotron ) p Linac LEAR p p Booster p Antiproton Production Target p AA p

71 QCD systems p p Crystal Barrel PS ( 28 GeV Proton Syncrotron ) p Linac LEAR p p Booster p Antiproton Production Target p AA p

72 String Theory Goal: First Approximant to QCD Counting rules for Hard Exclusive Scattering Regge Trajectories QCD at the Amplitude Level AdS/CFT AdS/QCD Mapping of Poincare and Conformal SO(4,2) symmetries of 3+1 space to AdS5 space Conformal behavior at short distances + Confinement at large distance Semi-Classical QCD / Wave Equations Holography Boost Invariant 3+1 Light-Front Wave Equations J =0,1,1/2,3/2 plus L Integrable! Hadron Spectra, Wavefunctions, Dynamics PANDA Workshop Turin June 17, 2009 Novel Anti-Proton QCD Physics Stan Brodsky SLAC

73 Electromagnetic Processes: pp γγ γ γ p γ crossed-channel Compton scattering p γ p p Handbag diagram separates a soft part described by GPDs from a hard qq annihilation process Predicted rates*: several thousand / month or above Exp. problem: Background channels like π 0 γ or π 0 π stronger. *A. Freund, A. Radyushkin, A. Schäfer, and C. Weiss, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003).

74 Study of Drell-Yan processes might contribute to the knowledge of parton distribution functions (polarized nuclear targets?).

75 .. How to Calculate Meson Spectra from String Theory Johanna Erdmenger Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München work in collaboration with J. Babington, Z. Guralnik, I. Kirsch (HU Berlin), R. Apreda, J. Große (HU Berlin/MPI München), N. Evans (Southampton) For a review see: Eur.Phys.J.A35:81-133,2008 1

76 AdS/CFT Correspondence (Maldacena 1997, AdS: Anti de Sitter space, CFT: conformal field theory) Duality Quantum Field Theory Gravity Theory Arises from String Theory in a particular low-energy limit Duality: Quantum field theory at strong coupling Gravity theory at weak coupling Works for large N gauge theories at large t Hooft coupling λ Conformal field theory in four dimensions Supergravity Theory on AdS 5 S 5 3

77 AdS/CFT Correspondence (Maldacena 1997, AdS: Anti de Sitter space, CFT: conformal field theory) Duality Quantum Field Theory Gravity Theory Arises from String Theory in a particular low-energy limit Duality: Quantum field theory at strong coupling Gravity theory at weak coupling Works for large N gauge theories at large t Hooft coupling λ Conformal field theory in four dimensions Supergravity Theory on AdS 5 S 5 3

78 Comparison with experimental results brane model spontaneous breaking of Sakai+Sugimoto 12/2004 vector and axial vector mesons (obtained from gauge field fluctuations as described by the DBI action) meson mass ratio: Experiment: Stringy model: (, ) In the model of Sakai+Sugimoto, it is also possible to have. 23

79 Comparison with experimental results brane model spontaneous breaking of Sakai+Sugimoto 12/2004 vector and axial vector mesons (obtained from gauge field fluctuations as described by the DBI action) meson mass ratio: Experiment: Stringy model: (, ) In the model of Sakai+Sugimoto, it is also possible to have. 23

80 see also: JHEP 9901:017,

81 Future facility GSI today SIS 100/300 UNILAC SIS 18 ESR Super FRS Rare-Isotope Production Target HESR Antiproton Production Target FLAIR RESR CR 100 m NESR

82 The PANDA Detector

83 PANDA Collaboration At present a group of 420 physicists from 54 institutions and 16 countries Austria Belaruz China France Germany India Italy The Netherlands Poland Romania Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland U.K. U.S.A. Basel, Beijing, Bochum, IIT Bombay, Bonn, Brescia, IFIN Bucharest, Catania, IIT Chicago, AGH-UST Cracow, JGU Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, Cracow UT, Edinburgh, Erlangen, Ferrara, Frankfurt, Genova, Giessen, Glasgow, GSI, FZ Jülich, JINR Dubna, Katowice, KVI Groningen, Lanzhou, LNF, Lund, Mainz, Minsk, ITEP Moscow, MPEI Moscow,TU München, Münster, Northwestern, BINP Novosibirsk, IPN Orsay, Pavia, IHEP Protvino, PNPI St.Petersburg, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, Dep. A. Avogadro Torino, Dep. Fis. Sperimentale Torino, Torino Politecnico, Trieste, TSL Uppsala, Tübingen, Uppsala, Valencia, SINS Warsaw, TU Warsaw, AAS Wien Spokesperson: Ulrich Wiedner (Bochum)

84 The PANDA EMC Partners: Sweden (Uppsala, Lund, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm), KVI, Basel, Germany (Bochum, Giessen, GSI)

85 MC studies The Forward EMC is more challenging than the CMS-EMC: γ energies between GeV very high count rates (up to 500 khz) J. Zhong, Bochum absorbed energy (innermost) 11.9 (innermost) 5.7 mj/h M. Kotulla, Giessen

86 The PANDA-EMC will be better: light yield cooling CMS-ECAL present quality for PANDA o C: 90p.e./MeV, 18%QE for APD-readout: A = 2cm 2, 70%QE 150p.e./MeV to be considered: light collection in tapered crystals radiation damage uniformity due to surface treatment R. Novotny, Giessen

87 Ulrich Wiedner Meeting on FAIR experiments, GSI, 25. February 2009

88 Ulrich Wiedner Meeting on FAIR experiments, GSI, 25. February 2009

89 Hardware activities Intensitat / a.u PWO #48 PWO #80 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 01:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 05/03 12/03 19/03 26/03 02/04 09/04 16/04 Zeit

90 Cost: 1 g antimatter: 1 P (10 15 ) Cost: FAIR: 1 B (10 9 )

91 Thank you for your attention!