Physics with Hadron Beams at COMPASS
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1 Physics with Hadron Beams at COMPASS Bernhard Ketzer Technische Universität München MAMI and Beyond 2009 International Workshop on Hadron Structure and Spectroscopy March 2009
2 The Goal Understand hadrons from the dynamics of ofquarks and gluons non-perturbative regime of QCD Models: QM, bag, flux tube,... Effective theories: χpt,... Lattice-QCD
3 Experimental Tools Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering and and related related hard hard e.m. e.m. processes processes Spectroscopy Processes at at low low Q2 Q 2 Nucleon Structure Helicity Transversity GPDs QCD Bound States Mass spectrum Gluonic excitations Multi-quark systems Hadron Structure at Low Energies Polarizabilities Chiral anomaly 2 λ = 1 Q
4 Experimental Tools Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering and and related related hard hard e.m. e.m. processes processes Spectroscopy Processes at at low low Q2 Q 2 Nucleon Structure Helicity Transversity GPDs QCD Bound States Mass spectrum Gluonic excitations Multi-quark systems Hadron Structure at Low Energies Polarizabilities Chiral anomaly 2 λ = 1 Q
5 COMPASS at CERN COmmon Muon and and Proton Apparatus for for Structure and and Spectroscopy LHC LHC SPS SPS p up up to to GeV GeV secondary hadrons (π, (π, K, K,...):...): /s /s tertiary μ (polarized): /s /s
6 The COMPASS Experiment Two-stage spectrometer large angular acceptance broad kinematical range ~ channels > TB/year MuonWall SM2 E/HCAL Beam Target E/HCAL SM1 RICH [hep-ex/ , NIM NIMA A 577, 577, (2007)] (2007)] MuonWall 50 m Dipole magnets Tracking detectors RICH El.-mag. calorimeter Hadronic calorimeter Muon identification
7 The COMPASS Experiment Two-stage spectrometer large angular acceptance broad kinematical range ~ channels > TB/year MuonWall SM2 E/HCAL E/HCAL SM1 50 m Beam Target RICH [hep-ex/ , NIM NIMA A 577, 577, (2007)] (2007)] MuonWall Data taking periods: : GeV/c μ : 2 weeks GeV/c π : GeV/c μ : GeV/c π - -
8 The COMPASS Experiment Two-stage spectrometer large angular acceptance broad kinematical range ~ channels > TB/year MuonWall SM2 E/HCAL E/HCAL SM1 50 m Beam Target RICH [hep-ex/ , NIM NIMA A 577, 577, (2007)] (2007)] MuonWall Data taking periods: : GeV/c μ : 2 weeks GeV/c π : GeV/c μ : GeV/c π - -
9 Experimental Tools Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering and and related related hard hard e.m. e.m. processes processes Spectroscopy Processes at at low low Q2 Q 2 Nucleon Structure Helicity Transversity GPDs QCD Bound States Mass spectrum Gluonic excitations Multi-quark systems Hadron Structure at Low Energies Polarizabilities Chiral anomaly 2 λ = 1 Q
10 Meson Spectroscopy = ( qq) 0 ( qq)( qq) ( qq) 8 g Hybrids gg Glueballs Quark model: bound state of qq Quantum numbers: I G (J PC ) P=(-1) l+1, C=(-1) l+s, G=(-1) I+l+s QCD: other color-neutral configurations with same quantum numbers mixing Decoupling only only possible for for narrow states vanishing leading qq qqterm exotic J PC PC :: 0,0,1,2,...
11 Glueballs Quenched L-QCD prediction Lightest glueballs: M ~ 1.7GeV/ c M ~ 2.4GeV/ c PC ( J PC ( J = 0 = ) ) Experimental candidate: f 0 (1500) (Crystal Barrel, WA102) J PC =0 ++ mixing with isoscalar mesons! [WA102, [WA102, Phys. Phys. Lett. Lett. B479, B479, (2000) (2000) Events / 0.08 GeV COMPASS [Y. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. D 73, (2006)] M(ηη) (GeV)
12 Hybrids Light meson sector exotics J PC =1 + : π 1 (1400) (VES, E852, Crystal Barrel) π 1 (1600) (E852, VES) still controversial... R BR B Events / 0.04 GeV/c 2 M(3π) (GeV/c 2 ) [S.U. [S.U. Chung Chung et et al., al., PRD PRD 65, 65, (2002)] (2002)] [A.R. [A.R. Dzierba Dzierba et et al., al., PRD PRD 73, 73, (2006)] (2006)] COMPASS
13 Hadron Reactions at COMPASS Two Two production mechanisms studied in in parallel using proton, pion and andkaon projectiles Central production Diffractive dissociation Rapidity gap between p slow, h fast, X Beam particle looses ~10% of its energy Particles at large angles from X decays Possible source of glueballs (DPE) Forward kinematics Need to separate particles at very small angles Study of J PC -exotic mesons
14 Diffractive Reactions at COMPASS Example: π + Pb πππ + + 4πvertex in Pb target Exclusivity target stays intact Pb p a p c Momentum transfer t Q 2 = ( p ) a pc 2 Diffraction on on Pb Pb nuclei Diffraction on on nucleons
15 Invariant Mass of 3π System COMPASS: p π =190 π GeV/c 4M 4Mevents in in 3 days (full (full t t range) 450k events in in0.1<t <1.0 GeV GeV 2 2 /c /c 2 2 BNL852: p π =18 π =18 GeV/c 250k events π 1 (1600) 1
16 Invariant Mass of 3π System Acceptance
17 PWA Technique high s: t-channel Reggeon exchange Reflectivity basis in G-J frame ε = η of Regge trajectory Isobar model 1. Mass-independent PWA of angular distributions in 40 MeV mass bins indep 1 N r ε ε ε σ ( τ)= T ψ ( τ) ψ ( τ ) dτ ε = 1 r= 1 i ir i 42 partial waves i=j PC M ε [...]L [...]=isobar (ππ) S, f 0 (980), ρ(770), f 2 (1270), ρ 3 (1690) i 2 2
18 PWA Technique high s: t-channel Reggeon exchange Reflectivity basis in G-J frame ε = η of Regge trajectory Isobar model 1. Mass-independent PWA of angular distributions in 40 MeV mass bins 2. Mass-dependent χ 2 fit to results of step 1 6 waves Parameterized by BW Coherent background for some waves
19 Waves used in PWA
20 Major Waves a 1 (1260) 1 π 2 (1670) 2 a 2 (1320) 2
21 π 1 (1600) BW parameters for π 1 (1600) M ( ) = ± GeV/ c 2 ( ) Γ = ± GeV / c 2 Leakage negligible
22 π 1 (1600) BW parameters for π 1 (1600) M ( ) = ± GeV/ c 2 ( ) Γ = ± GeV / c 2 Leakage negligible
23 Summary of Waves Publication being prepared, to be submitted to PRL
24 COMPASS in 2008
25 COMPASS in 2008
26 COMPASS in 2008 RPD Ring A RPD Ring B β β
27 COMPASS in 2008
28 COMPASS in 2008 PixelGEM detectors: low mass high rates: ~10 5 mm -2 s -1 resolution: ~120 μm
29 COMPASS in 2008 E g >2.0 GeV and E pi0 > 10 GeV N evt hmp2 Entries Mean RMS χ 2 / ndf / 30 N( π 0 ) 1.912e+04 ± 410 Mass ± σ ± p e+04 ± 89 p e+04 ± 612 p e+05 ± 2445 p e+05 ± ΔE=8 MeV (GeV/c ) M gg
30 COMPASS in 2008 Trigger components: Diffractive Trigger=BT RPD!Veto Beam trigger RPD full/empty=14/1 Cedars Veto: Hodo Sandwich BK Mainz Counter Forward Hodoscope
31 Statistics in GeV/c hadron beam Target: 40cm liquid hydrogen Diffractive dissociation: 96% π -, 3.5% K -, 0.5% p π - p π 1 (1600)p, π 1 (1600) 3π: events exp. Very Preliminary
32 190 GeV/c hadron beam Target: 40cm liquid hydrogen Statistics in 2008 Diffractive dissociation: 96% π -, 3.5% K -, 0.5% p π - p π 1 (1600)p, π 1 (1600) 3π: events exp. Central production: 75% p, 25% π + π + p π + f 0 (1500)p, Early f 0 (1500) ηη 4γ: 1400 events exp. North Area stop stop due due to to LHC LHC problems f 0 (1500) 4π : events exp. only a few days of testing... to be done in 2009
33 Experimental Tools Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering and and related related hard hard e.m. e.m. processes processes Spectroscopy Processes at at low low Q2 Q 2 Nucleon Structure Helicity Transversity GPDs QCD Bound States Mass spectrum Gluonic excitations Multi-quark systems Hadron Structure at Low Energies Polarizabilities Chiral anomaly 2 λ = 1 Q
34 χpt χpt (2-loop): α π Pion Polarizabilities Describe response to to external e.m. e.m. fields stiffness of of system electric polarizability d = α E magnetic polarizability μ = β H = (2.9 ± 0.5) 10 4 fm 3 Experiments: pion pion Compton scattering π γ π γ π γγ β π = ( 2.8 ± 0.5) 10 4 fm 3 PLUTO DM1 DM2 Mark II Lebedev Mami A2 Serpukhov
35 χpt χpt (2-loop): α π Pion Polarizabilities Describe response to to external e.m. e.m. fields stiffness of of system electric polarizability d = α E magnetic polarizability μ = β H = (2.9 ± 0.5) 10 4 fm 3 Experiments: pion pion Compton scattering π γ π γ π γγ β π = ( 2.8 ± 0.5) 10 4 fm 3 PLUTO DM1 DM2 Mark II Lebedev Mami A2 Serpukhov COMPASS
36 Cross Section Ratio 3 2 N ω σ mπ ω R( ω)= = 1 + βπ, απ + βπ = 0 N ( ω) dσ 2 α 1 ω Prim exp( ) d γπ 3 Thomson MC γπ ( ) muon beam R(ω) for different values of α π (β π ) Cross check with μ beam
37 Q 2 Distributions from Pilot Run ( ωθ) d σ α Ζ Q Q 2 dσ min 2 γπ, = F 2 4 Z ( Q ) d d dcos dcos Q ω θ πω Q θ
38 Z 2 Dependence of Cross Section ( ωθ) d σ α Ζ Q Q 2 dσ min 2 γπ, = F 2 4 Z ( Q ) d d dcos dcos Q ω θ πω Q θ
39 2009 Primakoff Measurement Major improvements: Detector performance: ECAL, μid Optimized target: 58 Ni Radiative corrections Beyond Weizsäcker-Williams approach Interference with diffractive amplitudes Suppression of π π 0 background MC description of setup Prospects (4 weeks): σ stat ~ fm 3 σ sys ~ fm 3 independent extaction of α π, β π with σ stat ~ fm 3 α π (s) first measurement of α K
40 Primakoff Reactions with Neutral Mesons Primakoff π 0 production Chiral Perturbation Theory Prediction: F 3π (0)=9.7±0.1 GeV -3 Experiment (Serpukhov): F 3π (0)=12.9±0.9±0.5 GeV -3 F 3π π F (0) (0) =, f ± = ( ± 0.4) MeV π πα f 2 ± π
41 Primakoff Reactions with Neutral Mesons Primakoff π 0 production Chiral Perturbation Theory Prediction: F 3π (0)=9.7±0.1 GeV -3 Experiment (Serpukhov): F 3π (0)=12.9±0.9±0.5 GeV -3 F 3π π F (0) (0) =, f ± = ( ± 0.4) MeV π πα f 2 ± π Further reactions channels studied in COMPASS: π Z π 0 0 Z π π π Z π Z η
42 Conclusions COMPASS started physics program with hadron beams in 2008 High angular resolution for charged particles Final states with neutral and charged particles Observation of resonances in different production / decay channels Light meson spectroscopy with lh2 target Experiment upgrade Diffractive reactions: 10 BNL E852 statistics Central production: 10 WA102 statistics Analysis chain (PWA) ready and tested on MC / real data Primakoff reactions: polarizabilities of π and K, chiral anomaly New physics results from 2004 π pilot run PWA for π + π - π - (high t ): strong signal in exotic 1 -+ wave at 1.6 GeV/c 2 PWA for low t ongoing PWA for π + π + π π π started: higher masses, b 1 π, f 1 π decay channels
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