The Quark Parton Model

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Quark Parton Model"

Transcription

1 The Quark Parton Model Quark Model Pseudoscalar J P = 0 Mesons Vector J P = 1 Mesons Meson Masses J P = 3 /2 + Baryons J P = ½ + Baryons Resonances Resonance Detection Discovery of the ω meson Dalitz Plots

2 Quark Model Beginning of 60s: Regularities in the hadron spectra indicated that they are formed by 3 (valence) quarks: u, d, s and their antiparticles u, d, s Quarks are not observed as free particles symmetry driven model in 1964; 10 more years were needed to develop a dynamical model Beginning of 70s: deep-inelastic scattering of leptons off hadrons (Rutherford-like experiment): result: inside the nucleons there are light, quasi-free, point-like fermions called partons (our quarks!) Their effective mass is: m ~1/3 of the baryon mass, with a momentum p: ~1/R (~1 fm) For heavy quarks the non-relativistic approximation holds: m>>1/r Regularities in the hadron spectra were accounted for by the quark model (multiplets)

3 Classification of Hadrons

4 Classification of Hadrons

5 πn Scattering

6 pn scattering Resonances

7 Strangeness

8 Quark Model s =0 d u s = 1 s Quarks Antiquarks s = -1 s Q = 2/3 s =0 u d Q = -1/3 Q = -2/3 Q = 1/3 Particles with same spin, parity and charge conjugation symmetry described as multiplet - Different I z and Y Raising and lowering operators to navigate around the multiplet Gell-Mann and Zweig: Patterns of multiplets explained if all hadrons were made of quarks Model originally developed using group theory alone - No need for physical quarks - Fact that quark charges non-integer suggested perhaps they were not real particles Q Q Q Q Q

9 Mesons Mesons are built with quark/anti-quark pairs. If we assume only u, d, s quarks (with their anti-quarks) we could have families with 3 2 =9 elements each (nonets). One has then: J=1 spin triplet states (, 1/ 2 ( + ), ) with J=1 and J z =1, 0, -1 J=0 spin singlet states (1/ 2 ( - )) with J=0 S e.g. the J P =1 - meson nonet K *0 +1 K *+ vector mesons: J PC =1 -- (as the photon) ρ - ρ 0 φ ρ /2 ω +1/2 I 3 +1 K * - -1 K *0

10 Mesons

11 Pseudoscalar J P = 0 Mesons Quark plus antiquark with spins ½ + -½ = 0 ( ) ( 9 combinations) 0 :(uū d d)/ 2 :(uū + d d 2s s)/ 6 :(uū + d d + s s)/ 3

12 Pseudoscalar J P = 0 Mesons

13 Pseudoscalar Mesons

14 Vector J P = 1 Mesons Quark plus antiquark with spins ½ + ½ = 1 ( ) ( 9 combinations) ρ 0 = 1 / 2 (dd uu) ω = 1 / 2 (dd + uu) ϕ = ss

15 Vector Mesons J = 1 P

16 Vector Mesons

17 Higher Masses States shown so far have no angular momentum between the qq or the qqq Higher mass states are obtained by having orbital angular momentum between the qq or the qqq J = 2, 3,... 5 /2, 7 /2...

18 Meson Masses

19 Vector meson decays into lepton pairs: one more proof of the hadron quark composition and charge assignment The leptonic partial width Γ(e + e - ) is proportional to the square of the quark charges (Rutherford): Γ(V l + l ) = 16πα 2 Q 2 with Q 2 = Σa i Q i 2 Vector Meson Decays M V 2 ψ(0) 2 Amplitude squared for the two quarks interacting with the photon in one point of the space-time =1/volume of the meson (square of the mean quark charge, with a i amplitude coefficients) The formula is derived taking into account a (1/q 2 ) 2 propagator term, the phase space for 2-body decay (q 2 ) and the coupling of the photon to the quarks in the meson: q l α Q + α e.g. for the ρ : ω : 1 q 1/q 2 2 (uu dd) one has: Q 2 = [ 1 2 (2 3 ( 1 3 )]2 = (uu + dd) Q 2 = [ 1 2 (2 3 + ( 1 3 )]2 = 1 18 l + φ : ss Q 2 = ( 1 3 )2 = 1 9

20 Vector Meson Decays Indeed, the measured leptonicwidths for the various vector mesons are quite different: Γ e + e (ρ) = 6.8 ± 0.3 Γ e + e (ω) = 0.6 ± 0.02 Γ e + e (φ) =1.37 ± 0.05 But their differences are completely understood within the quark meson charge assignment and composition: Γ e + e (ρ) Σa i Q i 2 =13.6 ± 0.6 Γ e (ω) + e 2 Σa i Q i Γ e (φ) + e 2 Σa i Q i =10.8 ± 0.4 =12.3± 0.5

21 The Quark Parton Model Experimentally hadron states classified by mass, spin and parity and associated into families Baryons with J P = 3 /2 + I 3 = 3 /2 1 1 / / /2 Mass (MeV/c 2 ) Strangeness I = 3 /2 Δ - Δ 0 Δ + Δ I = 1 Σ * Σ *0 Σ *+Ω I = ½ Ξ *- Ξ * I = 0 Ω

22 J P = 3 /2 + Baryons These can all be explained by a basic set of 3 different spin ½ 'quarks' u, d, s combined in sets of 3 i.e. qqq with their spins aligned to give: ½ + ½ + ½ = 3 /2 ( ) with m u m d and m s m u MeV/c 2 Quark B J I I 3 S Q u ⅓ ½ħ ½ +½ 0 ⅔e d ⅓ ½ħ ½ -½ 0 -⅓e s ⅓ ½ħ ⅓e

23 J P = 3 /2 + Baryons d u d s Not known at the time These are strongly decaying resonances

24 J P = 3 /2 + Baryons Regularities in the hadron spectra: baryon J P = 3/2 + decuplet I 3 = -3/2 I 3 = 0 I 3 = +3/2 S = 0 Λ - (ddd) S Λ 0 (ddu) Λ + (duu) Λ ++ (uuu) Q = +2 I = 3/2 S = -1 Σ - (dds) Σ 0 (dus) Σ + (uus) I 3 Q = +1 I = 1 S = -2 Ξ - (dss) Ξ 0 (uss) I = 1/2 Q = 0 S = -3 Ω - (sss) Q = - 1 I = 0 Q e = I + B + S 3 2 = I 3 + Y 2

25 Ground State J P = 1 /2 + Baryons 3 quarks with spins ½ + -½ + ½ = ½ ( ) Λ 0 = 1 / 2 (ud du) s Σ 0 = 1 / 2 (ud + du) s Lightest baryons Decay weakly (except proton which is stable)

26 J P = 1 /2 + Baryons Why are there no uuu, ddd or sss here? With u, d and s quarks there are = 27 combinations From symmetry arguments these can be grouped into 1 (Singlet) + 8 (Octet) + 8 (Octet) + 10 (Decuplet) The 10 are the J P = 3/2 + shown first and one of the 8 are these J P = 1/2 + Baryons are fermions (spin 1 /2, 3 /2,...) so the overall wavefunction must be antisymmetric (A) The space spin flavour part must be symmetric (S) With angular momentum l = 0 the space part ~ (-1) l = +1 so we want spin flavour to be symmetric

27 Resonances There are over 100 known hadrons most are 'Resonances' i.e. Excited States with the same quark content but higher internal angular momentum p, n N *, Δ Λ, Σ Λ *, Σ * K 0, K ± K * π 0, π ± ρ, ω Resonances are formed and decay via the Strong Interaction Lifetimes very short ~ to s By Uncertainty Principle: Width Γ~ 66 MeV At speed of light only travel ~ m leave no tracks in detectors

28 Resonance Detection Detect their presence via stable (or longer lived) particles into which they decay or are produced π + + p Δ ++ (1232) π + + p π + p Δ 0 (1232) π - + p Equivalent CM Energy Beam momentum

29 Discovery of the ω Meson Note: ω (omega) meson not Ω baryon Take bubble chamber pictures of p annihilation- look at events with exactly 5 pions produced p + p π + + π + + π + π + π 0 Plot invariant mass of all possible 3π combinations: π + + π + + π π + π + π + π + + π + + π 0 π + π + π 0 π + + π + π 0 All have net electric charge No structure seen The only neutral combination Sharp peak at M = 790 MeV/c 2, Γ = 12 MeV/c 2

30 Peak Discovery of the ω Meson

31 Dalitz Plots In π + p π + + π + n long lived there could be intermediate short lived states: Delta Δ excited nucleon (Nπ) rho ρ excited pion (ππ) (a) ρ 0 (= ππ resonance) is produced via π exchange (b) Δ (= nπ resonance) is produced via ρ exchange How to tell if either (or both) happen? Dalitz Plot Dick Dalitz

32 Dalitz Plots Measure many thousand 'events' (= collisions of this type) and plot result on 2-D histogram Intermediate states (r 0, D + ) cause clustering of points at specific values of M² giving 'bands' on Dalitz Plot Spread of M² (width of band) gives measure of width of resonance (sometimes increased or masked by experimental resolution)

33 Dalitz Plots Note: Statistical treatment cannot identify specific events So many hadrons discovered like this no longer considered 'fundamental'

34 Discovery of the Ω - Discovery of the Ω (after being postulated to complete the decuplet) 1964, Brookhaven Lab. Ω (sss)

35 uud Combinations For uud Can have flavour symmetric (uud + udu + duu) and spin symmetric ( + + ) or J = 3 /2 flavour antisymmetric (uud) and spin antisymmetric ( ) J = ½ Same quantum numbers so can form linear combinations It's symmetric if it stays the same if you swap any two flavours or spins So there is a uud state in both the J = 3 /2 decuplet (D + ) and the J = ½ octet (p)

36 uuu Combinations For uuu (or ddd or sss) Can have only have flavour symmetric (uuu) and spin symmetric ( ) J = 3 /2 No flavour antisymmetric and spin antisymmetric ( ) possible So there is only a uuu state in the J = 3 /2 decuplet (D ++ ) and not in the J = ½ octet

37 Constructing Baryon States

38 Baryon Masses

Gian Gopal Particle Attributes Quantum Numbers 1

Gian Gopal Particle Attributes Quantum Numbers 1 Particle Attributes Quantum Numbers Intro Lecture Quantum numbers (Quantised Attributes subject to conservation laws and hence related to Symmetries) listed NOT explained. Now we cover Electric Charge

More information

Lecture 9 Valence Quark Model of Hadrons

Lecture 9 Valence Quark Model of Hadrons Lecture 9 Valence Quark Model of Hadrons Isospin symmetry SU(3) flavour symmetry Meson & Baryon states Hadronic wavefunctions Masses and magnetic moments Heavy quark states 1 Isospin Symmetry Strong interactions

More information

The Development of Particle Physics. Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.:

The Development of Particle Physics. Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.: The Development of Particle Physics Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.: 0114 2224531 v.kudryavtsev@sheffield.ac.uk Previous lecture New unstable particles discovered in 40s-50s. First hyperons (particles

More information

Dr Victoria Martin, Prof Steve Playfer Spring Semester 2013

Dr Victoria Martin, Prof Steve Playfer Spring Semester 2013 Particle Physics Dr Victoria Martin, Prof Steve Playfer Spring Semester 2013 Lecture 12: Mesons and Baryons Mesons and baryons Strong isospin and strong hypercharge SU(3) flavour symmetry Heavy quark states

More information

Lecture 9. Isospin The quark model

Lecture 9. Isospin The quark model Lecture 9 Isospin The quark model There is one more symmetry that applies to strong interactions. isospin or isotopic spin It was useful in formulation of the quark picture of known particles. We can consider

More information

Quark Model. Mass and Charge Patterns in Hadrons. Spin-1/2 baryons: Nucleons: n: MeV; p: MeV

Quark Model. Mass and Charge Patterns in Hadrons. Spin-1/2 baryons: Nucleons: n: MeV; p: MeV Mass and Charge Patterns in Hadrons To tame the particle zoo, patterns in the masses and charges can be found that will help lead to an explanation of the large number of particles in terms of just a few

More information

Lecture 8. CPT theorem and CP violation

Lecture 8. CPT theorem and CP violation Lecture 8 CPT theorem and CP violation We have seen that although both charge conjugation and parity are violated in weak interactions, the combination of the two CP turns left-handed antimuon onto right-handed

More information

Problem Set # 1 SOLUTIONS

Problem Set # 1 SOLUTIONS Wissink P640 Subatomic Physics I Fall 2007 Problem Set # 1 S 1. Iso-Confused! In lecture we discussed the family of π-mesons, which have spin J = 0 and isospin I = 1, i.e., they form the isospin triplet

More information

Particle Physics. Lecture 11: Mesons and Baryons

Particle Physics. Lecture 11: Mesons and Baryons Particle Physics Lecture 11: Mesons and Baryons Measuring Jets Fragmentation Mesons and Baryons Isospin and hypercharge SU(3) flavour symmetry Heavy Quark states 1 From Tuesday: Summary In QCD, the coupling

More information

January 31, PHY357 Lecture 8. Quark composition of hadrons. Hadron magnetic moments. Hadron masses

January 31, PHY357 Lecture 8. Quark composition of hadrons. Hadron magnetic moments. Hadron masses January 3, 08 PHY357 Lecture 8 Quark composition of hadrons Hadron magnetic moments Hadron masses January 3, 08 Quark rules for building Hadrons! Three types of stable quark configurations established!

More information

Quarks and hadrons. Chapter Quark flavor and color

Quarks and hadrons. Chapter Quark flavor and color Chapter 5 Quarks and hadrons Every atom has its ground state the lowest energy state of its electrons in the presence of the atomic nucleus as well as many excited states which can decay to the ground

More information

Quantum Field Theory. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Quark Model 1 / 14

Quantum Field Theory. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Quark Model 1 / 14 Quantum Field Theory Ling-Fong Li (Institute) Quark Model 1 / 14 QCD Quark Model Isospin symmetry To a good approximation, nuclear force is independent of the electromagnetic charge carried by the nucleons

More information

Quark model. Jan 30, 2006 Lecture 8 1

Quark model. Jan 30, 2006 Lecture 8 1 Quark model Jan 30, 2006 Lecture 8 1 Quark model of hadrons!!!! Developed long before QCD was recognized as the appropriate quantum field theory of the strong interactions Postulate that 1.! All baryons

More information

Discrete Transformations: Parity

Discrete Transformations: Parity Phy489 Lecture 8 0 Discrete Transformations: Parity Parity operation inverts the sign of all spatial coordinates: Position vector (x, y, z) goes to (-x, -y, -z) (eg P(r) = -r ) Clearly P 2 = I (so eigenvalues

More information

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 4

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 4 Introduction to particle physics Lecture 4 Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2009 Outline 1 Mesons and Isospin 2 Strange particles 3 Resonances 4 The quark model Nuclei, nucleons, and mesons

More information

Notes on SU(3) and the Quark Model

Notes on SU(3) and the Quark Model Notes on SU() and the Quark Model Contents. SU() and the Quark Model. Raising and Lowering Operators: The Weight Diagram 4.. Triangular Weight Diagrams (I) 6.. Triangular Weight Diagrams (II) 8.. Hexagonal

More information

Quarks and the Baryons

Quarks and the Baryons Quarks and the Baryons A Review of Chapter 15 of Particles and Nuclei by Povh Evan Phelps University of South Carolina Department of Physics and Astronomy phelps@physics.sc.edu March 18, 2009 Evan Phelps

More information

8. Quark Model of Hadrons

8. Quark Model of Hadrons 8. Quark Model of Hadrons Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 8. Quark Model of Hadrons 1 In this section... Hadron wavefunctions and parity Light mesons Light baryons Charmonium

More information

Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients

Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients Phy489 Lecture 7 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients 2 j j j2 m m m 2 j= j j2 j + j j m > j m > = C jm > m = m + m 2 2 2 Two systems with spin j and j 2 and z components m and m 2 can combine to give a system

More information

Flavour physics Lecture 1

Flavour physics Lecture 1 Flavour physics Lecture 1 Jim Libby (IITM) XI th SERC school on EHEP NISER Bhubaneswar November 2017 Lecture 1 1 Outline What is flavour physics? Some theory and history CKM matrix Lecture 1 2 What is

More information

PHYS 420: Astrophysics & Cosmology

PHYS 420: Astrophysics & Cosmology PHYS 420: Astrophysics & Cosmology Dr Richard H. Cyburt Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) 384-6006 My email: rcyburt@concord.edu My webpage: www.concord.edu/rcyburt

More information

.! " # e " + $ e. have the same spin as electron neutrinos, and is ½ integer (fermions).

.!  # e  + $ e. have the same spin as electron neutrinos, and is ½ integer (fermions). Conservation Laws For every conservation of some quantity, this is equivalent to an invariance under some transformation. Invariance under space displacement leads to (and from) conservation of linear

More information

Electron-positron pairs can be produced from a photon of energy > twice the rest energy of the electron.

Electron-positron pairs can be produced from a photon of energy > twice the rest energy of the electron. Particle Physics Positron - discovered in 1932, same mass as electron, same charge but opposite sign, same spin but magnetic moment is parallel to angular momentum. Electron-positron pairs can be produced

More information

Lecture 3: Quarks and Symmetry in Quarks

Lecture 3: Quarks and Symmetry in Quarks Lecture 3: Quarks and Symmetry in Quarks Quarks Cross Section, Fermions & Bosons, Wave Eqs. Symmetry: Rotation, Isospin (I), Parity (P), Charge Conjugate (C), SU(3), Gauge symmetry Conservation Laws: http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/kamon/teaching/phys627/

More information

ψ(t) = U(t) ψ(0). (6.1.1)

ψ(t) = U(t) ψ(0). (6.1.1) Chapter 6 Symmetries 6.1 Quantum dynamics The state, or ket, vector ψ of a physical system completely characterizes the system at a given instant. The corresponding bra vector ψ is the Hermitian conjugate

More information

Books: - Martin, B.R. & Shaw, G Particle Physics (Wiley) (recommended) - Perkins, D.H. Introduction to High Energy Physics (CUP) (advanced)

Books: - Martin, B.R. & Shaw, G Particle Physics (Wiley) (recommended) - Perkins, D.H. Introduction to High Energy Physics (CUP) (advanced) PC 3 Foundations of Particle Physics Lecturer: Dr F. Loebinger Books: - Martin, B.R. & Shaw, G Particle Physics (Wiley) (recommended) - Perkins, D.H. Introduction to High Energy Physics (CUP) (advanced)

More information

Isospin. K.K. Gan L5: Isospin and Parity 1

Isospin. K.K. Gan L5: Isospin and Parity 1 Isospin Isospin is a continuous symmetry invented by Heisenberg: Explain the observation that the strong interaction does not distinguish between neutron and proton. Example: the mass difference between

More information

M. Cobal, PIF 2006/7. Quarks

M. Cobal, PIF 2006/7. Quarks Quarks Quarks Quarks are s = ½ fermions, subject to all kind of interactions. They have fractional electric charges Quarks and their bound states are the only particles which interact strongly Like leptons,

More information

DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING

DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING Electron scattering off nucleons (Fig 7.1): 1) Elastic scattering: E = E (θ) 2) Inelastic scattering: No 1-to-1 relationship between E and θ Inelastic scattering: nucleon gets

More information

Kern- und Teilchenphysik I Lecture 13:Quarks and QCD

Kern- und Teilchenphysik I Lecture 13:Quarks and QCD Kern- und Teilchenphysik I Lecture 13:Quarks and QCD (adapted from the Handout of Prof. Mark Thomson) Prof. Nico Serra Dr. Patrick Owen, Dr. Silva Coutinho http://www.physik.uzh.ch/de/lehre/phy211/hs2016.html

More information

Quarks and hadrons. Chapter 7

Quarks and hadrons. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Quarks and hadrons Every atom has its ground state the lowest energy state of its electrons in the presence of the atomic nucleus as well as many excited states, which can decay to the ground

More information

The Standard Model (part I)

The Standard Model (part I) The Standard Model (part I) Speaker Jens Kunstmann Student of Physics in 5 th year at Greifswald University, Germany Location Sommerakademie der Studienstiftung, Kreisau 2002 Topics Introduction The fundamental

More information

M. Cobal, PIF 2006/7. Quarks

M. Cobal, PIF 2006/7. Quarks M. Cobal, PIF 2006/7 Quarks Quarks Quarks are s = ½ fermions, subject to all kind of interactions. They have fractional electric charges Quarks and their bound states are the only particles which interact

More information

Quark Model. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Note 8 1 / 26

Quark Model. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Note 8 1 / 26 Quark Model Ling-Fong Li (Institute) Note 8 1 / 6 QCD Quark Model Isospin symmetry To a good approximation, nuclear force is independent of the electric charge carried by the nucleons charge independence.

More information

Discovery of Pions and Kaons in Cosmic Rays in 1947

Discovery of Pions and Kaons in Cosmic Rays in 1947 Discovery of Pions and Kaons in Cosmic Rays in 947 π + µ + e + (cosmic rays) Points to note: de/dx Bragg Peak Low de/dx for fast e + Constant range (~600µm) (i.e. -body decay) small angle scattering Strange

More information

Quark Model History and current status

Quark Model History and current status Quark Model History and current status Manon Bischoff Heavy-Ion Seminar 2013 October 31, 2013 Manon Bischoff Quark Model 1 Outline Introduction Motivation and historical development Group theory and the

More information

This means that n or p form a doublet under isospin transformation. Isospin invariance simply means that. [T i, H s ] = 0

This means that n or p form a doublet under isospin transformation. Isospin invariance simply means that. [T i, H s ] = 0 1 QCD 1.1 Quark Model 1. Isospin symmetry In early studies of nuclear reactions, it was found that, to a good approximation, nuclear force is independent of the electromagnetic charge carried by the nucleons

More information

Quantum Numbers. F. Di Lodovico 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F. Di Lodovico. Quantum Numbers.

Quantum Numbers. F. Di Lodovico 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F. Di Lodovico. Quantum Numbers. 1 1 School of Physics and Astrophysics Queen Mary University of London EPP, SPA6306 Outline : Number Conservation Rules Based on the experimental observation of particle interactions a number of particle

More information

Particle Physics. All science is either physics or stamp collecting and this from a 1908 Nobel laureate in Chemistry

Particle Physics. All science is either physics or stamp collecting and this from a 1908 Nobel laureate in Chemistry Particle Physics JJ Thompson discovered electrons in 1897 Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 and the proton in 1919 (idea of gold foil expt) All science is either physics or stamp collecting

More information

Quantum Numbers. Elementary Particles Properties. F. Di Lodovico c 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F.

Quantum Numbers. Elementary Particles Properties. F. Di Lodovico c 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F. Elementary Properties 1 1 School of Physics and Astrophysics Queen Mary University of London EPP, SPA6306 Outline Most stable sub-atomic particles are the proton, neutron (nucleons) and electron. Study

More information

Exotic Hadrons. O Villalobos Baillie MPAGS PP5 November 2015

Exotic Hadrons. O Villalobos Baillie MPAGS PP5 November 2015 Exotic Hadrons O Villalobos Baillie MPAGS PP5 November 2015 Allowed hadronic states At the beginning of this course, we stated that there are only two allowed combinations of quarks that give bound hadronic

More information

Visit for more fantastic resources. AQA. A Level. A Level Physics. Particles (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30

Visit   for more fantastic resources. AQA. A Level. A Level Physics. Particles (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30 Visit http://www.mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/ for more fantastic resources. AQA A Level A Level Physics Particles (Answers) Name: Total Marks: /30 Maths Made Easy Complete Tuition Ltd 2017 1. This question explores

More information

The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry Breaking Gell-Mann Okubo Mass Formulae Quark-Mo

The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry Breaking Gell-Mann Okubo Mass Formulae Quark-Mo Lecture 2 Quark Model The Eight Fold Way Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2014 Culiacán Sinaloa The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry

More information

Properties of the proton and neutron in the quark model

Properties of the proton and neutron in the quark model Properties of the proton and neutron in the quark model A good way to introduce the ideas encoded in the quark model is to understand how it simply explains properties of the ground-state baryons and mesons

More information

The Quantum Chromodynamics Theory Of Quadruply Strange Pentaquarks

The Quantum Chromodynamics Theory Of Quadruply Strange Pentaquarks The Quantum Chromodynamics Theory Of Quadruply Strange Pentaquarks Based on a generalized particle diagram of baryons and antibaryons which, in turn, is based on symmetry principles, this theory predicts

More information

Part 7: Hadrons: quarks and color

Part 7: Hadrons: quarks and color FYSH3, fall Tuomas Lappi tuomas.v.v.lappi@jyu.fi Office: FL49. No fixed reception hours. kl Part 7: Hadrons: quarks and color Introductory remarks In the previous section we looked at the properties of

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com OR K π 0 + µ + v ( µ ) M. (a) (i) quark antiquark pair OR qq OR named quark antiquark pair 0 (iii) us (b) (i) Weak any of the following also score mark: weak interaction weak interaction force weak nuclear

More information

Lecture 2: The First Second origin of neutrons and protons

Lecture 2: The First Second origin of neutrons and protons Lecture 2: The First Second origin of neutrons and protons Hot Big Bang Expanding and cooling Soup of free particles + anti-particles Symmetry breaking Soup of free quarks Quarks confined into neutrons

More information

Nuclear and Particle Physics 3: Particle Physics. Lecture 1: Introduction to Particle Physics February 5th 2007

Nuclear and Particle Physics 3: Particle Physics. Lecture 1: Introduction to Particle Physics February 5th 2007 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3: Particle Physics Lecture 1: Introduction to Particle Physics February 5th 2007 Particle Physics (PP) a.k.a. High-Energy Physics (HEP) 1 Dr Victoria Martin JCMB room 4405

More information

Particle Physics. Michaelmas Term 2009 Prof Mark Thomson. Handout 7 : Symmetries and the Quark Model. Introduction/Aims

Particle Physics. Michaelmas Term 2009 Prof Mark Thomson. Handout 7 : Symmetries and the Quark Model. Introduction/Aims Particle Physics Michaelmas Term 2009 Prof Mark Thomson Handout 7 : Symmetries and the Quark Model Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2009 205 Introduction/Aims Symmetries play a central role in particle physics;

More information

Particle Physics. Dr M.A. Thomson. q q. Σ - (dds) Σ 0 (uds) Σ + (uus) Λ(uds) Ξ 0 (uss) Ξ - (dss) HANDOUT IV. Dr M.A.

Particle Physics. Dr M.A. Thomson. q q. Σ - (dds) Σ 0 (uds) Σ + (uus) Λ(uds) Ξ 0 (uss) Ξ - (dss) HANDOUT IV. Dr M.A. 1 Particle Physics Dr M.A. Thomson q q q n(udd) p(uud) Σ - (dds) Σ 0 (uds) Σ + (uus) Λ(uds) Ξ - (dss) Ξ 0 (uss) Part II, Lent Term 2004 HANDOUT IV 2 The Quark Model of Hadrons EVIDENCE FOR QUARKS The magnetic

More information

Electron-Positron Annihilation

Electron-Positron Annihilation Evidence for Quarks The quark model originally arose from the analysis of symmetry patterns using group theory. The octets, nonets, decuplets etc. could easily be explained with coloured quarks and the

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 Q1. (a) The K meson has strangeness 1. State the quark composition of a meson... State the baryon number of the K meson... (iii) What is the quark composition of the K meson?.... The figure below shows

More information

At this time the quark model consisted of three particles, the properties of which are given in the table.

At this time the quark model consisted of three particles, the properties of which are given in the table. *1 In 1961 Murray Gell-Mann predicted the existence of a new particle called an omega (Ω) minus. It was subsequently discovered in 1964. At this time the quark model consisted of three particles, the properties

More information

The Secret of Mass. Can we Evaporate the Vacuum at RHIC?

The Secret of Mass. Can we Evaporate the Vacuum at RHIC? : Can we Evaporate the Vacuum at RHIC? Texas A&M University February 24, 2007 Outline The Beauty of Nature: Symmetries The Beauty of Nature: Symmetries What is a symmetry? Geometry: Certain operations

More information

Formulation of the Standard Model

Formulation of the Standard Model Chapter 13 Formulation of the Standard Model 13.1 Introductory Remarks In Chapter 9, we discussed the properties of only a few low-mass hadrons discovered prior to the mid 1970s. As the energies of accelerators

More information

Part 6: Hadrons: quantum numbers and excited states

Part 6: Hadrons: quantum numbers and excited states FYSH3, fall 3 Tuomas Lappi tuomas.v.v.lappi@jyu.fi Office: FL49. No fixed reception hours. fall 3 Part 6: Hadrons: quantum numbers and excited states Introductory remarks Properties of hadrons can be understood

More information

PHYS 3446 Lecture #21

PHYS 3446 Lecture #21 PHYS 3446 Lecture #21 Monday, Nov. 27, 2006 Dr. 1. The Standard Model Quarks and Leptons Gauge Bosons Symmetry Breaking and the Higgs particle Higgs Search Strategy Issues in the Standard Model Neutrino

More information

Overview of Elementary Particle Physics

Overview of Elementary Particle Physics Overview of Elementary Particle Physics Michael Gold Physics 330 May 3, 2006 Overview of Elementary Particle Physics Rutherford e p elastic elastic scattering e p inelastic scattering zeus Parton model

More information

Quarks and Hadrons. Properties of hadrons Pions and nucleons Strange particles Charm and beauty Breit-Wigner distribution Exotics

Quarks and Hadrons. Properties of hadrons Pions and nucleons Strange particles Charm and beauty Breit-Wigner distribution Exotics Quarks and Hadrons Properties of hadrons Pions and nucleons Strange particles Charm and beauty Breit-Wigner distribution Exotics J. Brau Physics 661, Quarks and Hadrons 1 Quark Flavors 3 pairs Called generations

More information

Strange Charmed Baryons Spectroscopy

Strange Charmed Baryons Spectroscopy EPJ Web of Conferences 58, 03008 (07) QFTHEP 07 DOI: 0.05/epjconf/075803008 Strange Charmed Baryons Spectroscopy Elena Solovieva, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, Dolgoprudny,

More information

Space-Time Symmetries

Space-Time Symmetries Space-Time Symmetries Outline Translation and rotation Parity Charge Conjugation Positronium T violation J. Brau Physics 661, Space-Time Symmetries 1 Conservation Rules Interaction Conserved quantity strong

More information

The Standard Model. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories

The Standard Model. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories The Standard Model 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories Bosons (force carriers) Photon, W, Z, gluon, Higgs Fermions (matter particles) 3 generations

More information

Exotic Diquark Spectroscopy

Exotic Diquark Spectroscopy Exotic Diquark Spectroscopy JLab November 2003 R.L. Jaffe F. Wilczek hep-ph/0307341 The discovery of the Θ + (1540) this year marks the beginning of a new and rich spectroscopy in QCD.... What are the

More information

DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS. Parity PHYS NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS. Parity PHYS NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS PHYS 30121 NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS Discrete symmetries are ones that do not depend on any continuous parameter. The classic example is reflection

More information

Modern physics 1 Chapter 13

Modern physics 1 Chapter 13 Modern physics 1 Chapter 13 13. Particle physics Particle studied within the ATLAS-project CERN In the beginning of 1930, it seemed that all the physics fundaments was placed within the new areas of elementary

More information

wave functions PhD seminar- FZ Juelich, Feb 2013

wave functions PhD seminar- FZ Juelich, Feb 2013 SU(3) symmetry and Baryon wave functions Sedigheh Jowzaee PhD seminar- FZ Juelich, Feb 2013 Introduction Fundamental symmetries of our universe Symmetry to the quark model: Hadron wave functions q q Existence

More information

Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Jianwei Qiu Theory Center, Jefferson Lab May 29 June 15, 2018 Lecture One The plan for my four lectures q The Goal: To understand the strong interaction dynamics

More information

High Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013

High Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 High Energy Physics QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 The Birth of Particle Physics In 1896, Thompson showed that electrons were particles, not a fluid. In 1905, Einstein argued that photons

More information

SU(3) symmetry and Baryon wave functions

SU(3) symmetry and Baryon wave functions INTERNATIONAL PHD PROJECTS IN APPLIED NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES This project is supported by the Foundation for Polish Science MPD program, co-financed by the European Union within the

More information

Hadronic Resonances in a Hadronic Picture. Daisuke Jido (Nuclear physics group)

Hadronic Resonances in a Hadronic Picture. Daisuke Jido (Nuclear physics group) Daisuke Jido (Nuclear physics group) Hadrons (particles interacting with strong interactions) are composite objects of quarks and gluons. It has been recently suggested that the structures of some hadrons

More information

The history of QCD. Anniversary

The history of QCD. Anniversary CERN Courier October 0 The history of QCD Harald Fritzsch, one of the pioneers of quantum chromodynamics, recalls some of the background to the development of the theory 40 years ago. n Y P About 60 years

More information

Overview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.

Overview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider

More information

Particle Physics. Lecture 12: Hadron Decays.!Resonances!Heavy Meson and Baryons!Decays and Quantum numbers!ckm matrix

Particle Physics. Lecture 12: Hadron Decays.!Resonances!Heavy Meson and Baryons!Decays and Quantum numbers!ckm matrix Particle Physics Lecture 12: Hadron Decays!Resonances!Heavy Meson and Baryons!Decays and Quantum numbers!ckm matrix 1 From Friday: Mesons and Baryons Summary Quarks are confined to colourless bound states,

More information

Forefront Issues in Meson Spectroscopy

Forefront Issues in Meson Spectroscopy Forefront Issues in Meson Spectroscopy Curtis A. Meyer Carnegie Mellon University 1 Outline of Talk Introduction Meson Spectroscopy Glueballs Expectations Experimental Data Interpretation Hybrid Mesons

More information

cgrahamphysics.com Particles that mediate force Book pg Exchange particles

cgrahamphysics.com Particles that mediate force Book pg Exchange particles Particles that mediate force Book pg 299-300 Exchange particles Review Baryon number B Total # of baryons must remain constant All baryons have the same number B = 1 (p, n, Λ, Σ, Ξ) All non baryons (leptons

More information

L. David Roper

L. David Roper Quark Structure of Baryons: A D Harmonic Oscillator Model L. David Roper mailto:roperld@vt.edu Introduction Baryons (Ref. 9) are constructed of three spin-½ positive-parity quarks. There are six different

More information

Particle Physics - Chapter 1 The static quark model

Particle Physics - Chapter 1 The static quark model Particle Physics - Chapter The static quark model Paolo Bagnaia last mod. 7-Mar-8 The static quark model. Quantum numbers 2. Hadrons : elementary or composite? 3. The eightfold way 4. Baryon Resonances

More information

Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 1

Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 1 T. Potter Lent/Easter Terms 2017 Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 1 Matter and Forces 1. (A) Explain the meaning of the terms quark, lepton, hadron, nucleus and boson as used in the

More information

PHY-105: Introduction to Particle and Nuclear Physics

PHY-105: Introduction to Particle and Nuclear Physics M. Kruse, Spring 2011, Phy-105 PHY-105: Introduction to Particle and Nuclear Physics Up to 1900 indivisable atoms Early 20th century electrons, protons, neutrons Around 1945, other particles discovered.

More information

Baryon Resonance Determination using LQCD. Robert Edwards Jefferson Lab. Baryons 2013

Baryon Resonance Determination using LQCD. Robert Edwards Jefferson Lab. Baryons 2013 Baryon Resonance Determination using LQCD Robert Edwards Jefferson Lab Baryons 2013 Where are the Missing Baryon Resonances? What are collective modes? Is there freezing of degrees of freedom? What is

More information

5 The Resonances. A pattern evolves,

5 The Resonances. A pattern evolves, 5 The Resonances A pattern evolves, 1952 1964 Most of the particles whose discoveries are described in the preceeding chapters have lifetimes of 10 10 s or more. They travel a perceptible distance in a

More information

Chapter 32 Lecture Notes

Chapter 32 Lecture Notes Chapter 32 Lecture Notes Physics 2424 - Strauss Formulas: mc 2 hc/2πd 1. INTRODUCTION What are the most fundamental particles and what are the most fundamental forces that make up the universe? For a brick

More information

The Standard Theory of Elementary Particle Physics and Beyond

The Standard Theory of Elementary Particle Physics and Beyond The Standard Theory of Elementary Particle Physics and Beyond An Introduction in (about) 20 lectures CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico 10 February-2April, 2005 Luciano Maiani, Universita di Roma La Sapienza

More information

Weak interactions. Chapter 7

Weak interactions. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Weak interactions As already discussed, weak interactions are responsible for many processes which involve the transformation of particles from one type to another. Weak interactions cause nuclear

More information

The Strong Interaction

The Strong Interaction The Strong Interaction What is the quantum of the strong interaction? The range is finite, ~ 1 fm. Therefore, it must be a massive boson. Yukawa theory of the strong interaction Relativistic equation for

More information

Lecture 11 Weak interactions, Cabbibo-angle. angle. SS2011: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Part 2

Lecture 11 Weak interactions, Cabbibo-angle. angle. SS2011: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Part 2 Lecture 11 Weak interactions, Cabbibo-angle angle SS2011: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Part 2 1 Neutrino-lepton reactions Consider the reaction of neutrino-electron scattering: Feynman

More information

Essential Physics II. Lecture 14:

Essential Physics II. Lecture 14: Essential Physics II E II Lecture 14: 18-01-16 Last lecture of EP2! Congratulations! This was a hard course. Be proud! Next week s exam Next Monday! All lecture slides on course website: http://astro3.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~tasker/teaching/ep2

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Class Mechanics My office (for now): Dantziger B Room 121 My Phone: x85200 Office hours: Call ahead, or better yet, email... Even better than office

More information

arxiv:hep-ph/ v3 15 Mar 2006

arxiv:hep-ph/ v3 15 Mar 2006 The [56,4 + ] baryons in the 1/N c expansion N. Matagne and Fl. Stancu University of Liège, Institute of Physics B5, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège 1, Belgium (Dated: February, 008) arxiv:hep-ph/040961v 15

More information

Examination paper for FY3403 Particle physics

Examination paper for FY3403 Particle physics Department of physics Examination paper for FY3403 Particle physics Academic contact during examination: Jan Myrheim Phone: 900 75 7 Examination date: December 6, 07 Examination time: 9 3 Permitted support

More information

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter:

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Very low temperatures, very large numbers of particles, complex systems Æ Condensed Matter Physics Very high temperatures, very large

More information

1. Introduction. Particle and Nuclear Physics. Dr. Tina Potter. Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 1

1. Introduction. Particle and Nuclear Physics. Dr. Tina Potter. Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 1 1. Introduction Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 1 In this section... Course content Practical information Matter Forces Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 2 Course

More information

Beyond the Quark Model: Tetraquarks and. Pentaquarks

Beyond the Quark Model: Tetraquarks and. Pentaquarks Beyond the Quark Model: Tetraquarks and Pentaquarks in completion of Drexel University s Physics 502 Final Tyler Rehak March 15, 2016 The Standard Model of particle physics is continually being tested

More information

Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) Un-ki Yang Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Un-ki Yang - DIS

Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) Un-ki Yang Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Un-ki Yang - DIS Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) Un-ki Yang Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University ukyang@snu.ac.kr Un-ki Yang - DIS 1 Elastic and Inelastic scattering Electron-Proton Scattering P Electron-proton

More information

Lecture 6 Isospin. What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Gell- Mann- Nishijima formula FK

Lecture 6 Isospin. What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Gell- Mann- Nishijima formula FK Lecture 6 Isospin What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Gell- Mann- Nishijima formula FK7003 08 SU() Isospin Isospin introduced based on the observa4on that: m p =

More information

Partners of the SU(3) hadrons

Partners of the SU(3) hadrons Partners of the SU(3) hadrons Bernard Riley 1 The hadrons of the SU(3) J P = 0 -, ½ + and 1 - multiplets are shown to have partners of the same spin or of spin difference ½. Partnerships occur between

More information

Invariance Principles and Conservation Laws

Invariance Principles and Conservation Laws Invariance Principles and Conservation Laws Outline Translation and rotation Parity Charge Conjugation Charge Conservation and Gauge Invariance Baryon and lepton conservation CPT Theorem CP violation and

More information

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: PHY 409 COURSE TITLE: ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS Course Title Course Developer Course Code PHY 409 ELEMENTARY PARTICLE

More information

Lecture 6 Isospin. What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Heavier quarks FK

Lecture 6 Isospin. What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Heavier quarks FK Lecture 6 Isospin What is Isospin? Rota4ons in Isospin space Reac4on rates Quarks and Isospin Heavier quarks FK7003 33 SU() Isospin Isospin introduced based on the observa4on that: m p = 0.9383 GeV and

More information