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1 Neutrino and Other Beam-lines at J-PARC Taku Ishida For the Neutrino Beam-line Collaboration Physics Motivation Accelerators, Facilities, and Beam-lines The Neutrino Beam-line Summary and Future Prospects PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 1
2 1 0 0 Neutrino Facility Neutsino Mass and Mixing Weak eigenstates flavor eigenstates () t ν ( 0) 2 P ( ν α ν β ) = ν β α Physics Motivation ν e U ν μ = U ντ U e1 μ1 τ1 U U U e2 μ 2 τ 2 ν1 ν 2 ν 3 iδcp 0 0 cosϑ 13 0 sinϑ13e cosϑ12 sinϑ12 cosϑ23 sinϑ sinϑ12 cosϑ12 iδcp sinϑ cos 23 ϑ23 sinϑ13e 0 cosϑ Neutsino Oscillation Experiments Super- KAMIOKANDE disappeared as ντ Maki-Nakagawa Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS) Matrix Reduction of ν α E ν spectrum distortion Appearance of ν β ντ K2K: 112 events / 1999~2004, pot PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 2 U U U e3 μ3 τ 3 3 mixing angles + 1 complex phase = δ Neutrino Beam 250km Mass eigenstates m 1 m2 m 3 ( Δm Δm m m ij i j Δm23 + Δm31 = 2 mass squared differences * * 2 * * αβ 4 Re( U αiu βiu αju βj ) sin φij m 2 Im( U αiu βiu αju βj ) sin 2 i> j i> j Near Detectors KEK-PS ( 6 kw ) νμ Εν=1.3GeV φ ij = Δm 2 ij L / 4E ν 0) φ Flight length (c t ) Neutrino energy ij
3 P P Neutrino Facility Current knowledge So far we know in 10 years: Δm 2 atm =(2.2 ~ 3.0) 10 ev 2, sin 2 2θ 23 >0.92 (Atmospheric ν,, K2K/MINOS) Δm 2 sol = ev 2, sin 2 2θ 12 =0.86 (KamLAND + solar ν) No another mass-scale scale (Mini-Boone) sin 2 2θ 13 < 0.15 at Δm 2 = ev 2 (CHOOZ / Palo Verde) < 0.26 (0.13x2) at Δm 2 = ev 2 (K2K) CP : unknown δ CP Oscillation probabilities in our relevant L/E μ e ν μ disappearance μ τ (sin 2 (cos ~1 4 θ θ sin sin 2 2 2θ ) sin 2θ 13 cf. reactor ν e disappearance P e x Δm Δm ν e appearance ~1/2 << Δm sin 2θ 13 sin Φ ) sin Δm sol atm Small contribution from Δm Φ Φ Φ μe Δm atm L / E ν [ev 2 ] [km] [GeV] 23 T.Kobayashi FRZKI02 sin sin Δm 2 2θ 2θ μτ sin sin 2 Φ Δm 2 (ev 2 ) Φ PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 3 23 Δm 2 atm
4 T2K experiment Super-Kamiokande (ICRR, Univ.Tokyo) J-PARC 50GeV PS (KEK-JAEA, Tokai) A next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, designed to observe the first signal of νe appearance, and further, δ CP Pseudo-monochromatic, low-energy off-axis beam, tunable by changing the off-axis angle between 2 o and 2.5 o (Eν=0.8GeV ~ 0.65GeV) Quasi-Elastic interactions are dominant, suitable to minimize the electro tro- magnetic shower background caused by inelastically-produced π 0 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 4
5 Accelerators, Facilities and Beam-lines Hz μA-1MW RCS Current ( (μa) RCS 15μA-750kW MR 10 MR 1 1MW Proton beam kinetic energy 50GeV (30GeV@T=0) MW # of protons / pulse Beam power Bunch structure Bunch length / spacing Spill width Beam Emittance Cycle 3.3x10 14 ppp 750kW 8 bunches 58 ns / 598ns 4.2μs 6π mm.mr 3.64 sec (2.1sec@30GeV) Energy (GeV( GeV) MR: 1x10 21 p.o.t. per year [130day operation / 50GeV ] PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 5
6 Bird s-eye view (Feb. 2006) Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility The Hadron Hall 50 GeV MR A round=1,600m 3GeV RCS A round=350m 3NBT 3-50BT Neutrino Area for Transmutation Experimental Facility Linac (330m) Construction started on Apr 01. MR tunnel continuous in Jun 06 Most of the public Works have been completed except for ν-line PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 6
7 Linac 2006/07/14, aside of DTL * *ACS: Annular ring Coupled Structure Beam commissioning started in last November 180MeV Acceleration in success (Jan. 2007) ACS to be constructed in FY2008~2011 K.Hasegawa THYAB02 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 7
8 3 GeV RCS Area RCS / MR 3NBT 3-50BT T.Koseki TUODKI01 RCS Orbit 3 GeV Extraction Area 50 GeV Tunnel Kicker & Septum Magnets for fast extraction PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 8
9 Materials and Life science experimental Facility (MLF) Graphite Thin Target Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS) Muon Experimental Area (MUSE) Target Station 23 beam-lines 4 beam-lines Construction of the Hall Completed (Apr. 2007) Trolley of Mercury Target World-highest neutron & muon flux to promote variety of researches in material and life science PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 9
10 MLF (Cont.d( Cont.d) Neutron Source from the Top Muon Production Target First beam to MLF: Early JFY2008 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 10
11 T1 Target (30%) Rotating Nickel Disks 0 20m Central box Vacuum Chamber Test line The Hadron Hall ESS-1 K1.1 / K0.8 (c-type) K1.8-BR ESS-2 K1.1 / K0.8 (s-type) Beam Analyzer High-p K1.8 Copper 750kW-full Beam Dump KL Day-1 1 line for E05/E13 Ξ hypernuclear spectroscopy with Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer K - single rate: 8x10 6 ppp 1.8GeV/c: 1.4x10 6 ppp K - /π - = 7 Ξ100 events / 1 month (270kW 30GeV-9μA) Λ gamma-ray spec. with Ge detector (hyperball-j) for E14 Br(K L π 0 νν) Direct CP violation So far < 2.1x10-7 (KEK PS E391a) Upto (SM = 2.8x10-11 ) Const. to be completed in this July Kaon-factory for hyper-nuclear spectroscopy, studies for strangeness degree in the nuclear matter, kaon rare decay, hadron spectroscopy etc. PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 11
12 The Hadron Hall (Cont.d( Cont.d) P K1.8 KL K1.1 1 st operation scheduled in December 08 Long-term operation test for Ni-rotating disk target 6m-long Electro-Static Separator PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 12
13 The Neutrino Beam-Line 295km to Super-Kamiokande Target-Horn System Muon Monitoring Pit Target Station Final Focusing Section Preparation Section 100m Near Neutrino Detector Beam Dump Decay Volume SCFM at ARC Section PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 13
14 Neutrino Beam-line collaboration KEK Neutrino group, IPNS (Core) Every beam line components (except S.C.magnets / cryo.) Hadron group, IPNS Monitor / N.C.magnets / Power supply Cryogenics group, IPNS K.Nishikawa(KEK) Cryogenics / Target Helium circulation system T2K Spokesperson Cryogenics science center Divison leader Superconducting magnet / Cryogenics Mechanical Engineering Center Radiation Science Center In collaboration with U. Tokyo: Primary beam monitor Kyoto U: Primary beam monitor, Muon monitor UK: Target, Target remote handling, Beam window, Baffle, Dump Canada : Remote chamber for the most downstream monitors, OTR, Remote maintenance US: Horn, Beam monitor, S.C. corrector magnets, GPS, Monitor electronics France: Quench detection system Korea: Proton monitor electronics D.L.Wark(STFC) Co-Spokesperson April 2006 T.Kobayashi(KEK) Construction G. Leader PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 14
15 T2K layout p π μ-mon ν off-axis Super-K on-axis 2.0~2.5 o 0m 120m 280m 2 km 295 km Eν(GeV (GeV) E ν = 0.43E 1+ γ 2 θ π Θ =2 o 2.5 o 3 o 2 Flux σ (arbitrary unit) 2.5 o 3 o Θ =2 o 2γ Flux γ θ Δm 2 atm = 2.0~3.0x103 ev 2 [ Eν = 0.48~0.72GeV ] Pπ (GeV/c) Eν (GeV) Quasi-monochromatic, tunable sub-gev Off-Axis Beam ~ 2,200 (~1,600) νμ (CC) interactions at Super-K K [OAB 2.5 o, 22.5 kt-yr] PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 15
16 Civil construction Under Progress Shinto Ceremony at ν Near Detector Cite (June 21, 07) PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 16
17 Decay volume (Under 3NBT) Oct DV upstream in a factory (Jun 2007) All cooling channels connected by 1,080 U-shape pipes. PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 17
18 Primary beam-line Material Life & Science 3NBT DV ARC Preparation Section Completed in Last December Preparation Section 50GeV March, 2006 July, 2006 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 18
19 Target Station 34m 27m Monitor stack ( designed in TRIUMF ) Upper Iron Shields Beam window ( designed in RAL ) Service pit Horns Beam Decay Volume 22m OTR ( designed in TRIUMF ) Helium vessel Target PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 19
20 TS helium vessel Top flange (Aluminum ) 4.4 m OTR window Outside view Flanges for the busbar of the horns Valves 200mm-thick iron plates with plate coil water paths 10.6 m 15.0 m PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 20
21 Construction / vessel production (As of June, 2007) Vacuum test of Upper box Installation This Summer! Downstream Plates PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 21
22 Normal conducting magnets Dipole Quad. Steer. Total (MIC) Prep. 2(H) 5 3(H)+2(V) 12 (5) FF 2(V) 4 2(H)+2(V) 10 (0) Total (5) Prep. Sec. : All fabricated, Installation in July 07 F.F.: Production in FY07, Installation in FY08 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 22
23 Vacuum system Installation of beam ducts into magnets in progress. Ti and Al-alloy ducts for D Cross-shaped aluminum ducts for Q Semi-remote flange mover and hands- on clamp Beam plug made and tested Installation: coming July Ti duct in PH1 Flange Mover Beam Plug PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 23
24 Superconducting magnets cold mass alignment test Two magnets in 1 cryostat ( doublet( doublet ) Superconducting Combined Function Magnet SCFM 28 SCFMs in total, D: 2.6 T, Q: 18.6 T/m Length: 3.3m Current: 50GeV Mass production status 6 doublets in FY06 6 in FY07, 2 in FY08 Partial installation in FY07 System testing in FY 08 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 24
25 Beam Monitors Configuration Position : Electro-static monitor (ESM) Profile : Segmented Secondary Emission Monitor (SSEM), OTR Intensity : CT Loss monitors (BLM): Ionization chamber Readout by COPPER/KEK-DAQ OTR C,P TS ν-beam FF C TGT Arc C,P,C,I C, C, C, I,C,P P P P Prep. Sect. Arc sect. FF sect. Intensity (CT) Center Profile (ESM) (SSEM) C,P C C,P C,P C,P C,P PS C,P C,P I,C,P I,C,P C,P C,P Beam loss monitor will be placed along the beam line. OTR (TRIUMF) PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 25
26 Horn & support module Concrete Block Shield inside BEAM Baffle 2 nd st horn 1 st horn horn nd horn rd horn 3 rd horn Iron Block Shield inside Remote coupling Remote handling test with 1/10 model PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 26
27 Horn Operation Test 0.85 million 320kA / Long-term Test Finished 3/9 rd Horn 3 rd June 30, st st Horn Started 12/8 Input terminal break April, 2007 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 27
28 Full-setup test for the 3 rd Horn March 2007 May 2007 Current operation test in full setup: coming Fall PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 28
29 Helium-Cooled Graphite Target in the 1 st Horn Target IG 43 26mmφ x 900mm Ti-6Al-4V 69kJ/spill Inlet Mass flow rate = 0.032kg/s (Max compressor flow rate) Inlet helium temperature = 300K Outlet Pressure = 0.9 bar (gauge) Maximum temperature = 615 C Working design almost in hand. PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 29
30 Beam Dump Target Station Decay Volume Beam Graphite Blocks 4,690 Helium Vessel Muon Monitors OA 2 o 2.5 o 10m Semiconductor detector array Ionization chamber array 4m To monirtor beam-centre spill-by-spill Aluminum cast with inside water pipe PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 30
31 Hadron Absorber Module Mar Cooling Plate Graphite Iron bars with half-cylinder a screw hole SPRING WASHERS > 4kW/m 2 K A design with multiple spring washers was adopted, to control joint force between graphite blocks and an aluminum cast cooling plate Minimize the reduction of joint force (heat convection) by temperature rise Flatness of the cooling surface and the loading surface < 0.1 mm Machine 7 graphite blocks at once PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 31
![1mx10lyr] Monitor beam directiorn 14m Scintillator+WLS fiber with MRS APD](/docs-images/79/79927938/images/32-3.jpg "(Russia) MPPC (Hamamatsu) ~1.")
32 On-axis Off-axis Near Neutrino Detectors Off-axis detector FGD, TPC, Ecal,.. In UA1 magnet Spectrum / Cross section / νe contamination On axis detector: NGRID 1mx1mx[0.1mx10lyr] Monitor beam directiorn 14m Scintillator+WLS fiber with MRS APD (Russia) MPPC (Hamamatsu) ~1.5 events /spill 1M / cell A few cm beam center resolution 17.5m Near Detector at 2km [ Working for LOI ] PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 32
33 Far Detector: SK-III Full reconstruction completed in Apr Start normal DAQ since last July ICRR, Univ. of Tokyo ICRR, Univ. of Tokyo PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 33
34 Summary and Future Prospects Various kinds of intense secondary beam-lines are to be operated in J-PARC. Neutron / Muon beam-lines at MLF Kaon beam-lines at the Hadron Hall Neutrino beam-line for the next generation experiment (T2K) Neutrino beam-line facility construction is going as scheduled: Decay volume (50m finished), primary beam line, target station DV downstream, beam dump, near detector hall are now being started Beam-line equipment: Rapid progress of production / fabrication International contributions for crucial parts of the beam line componentsc We have cleared critical milestones: Production of SCFM doublets 1 st Horn long-term operation with 320 ka Hadron absorber core module. Much of struggle from now, towards beam commissioning in April, 2009 And towards new result in ~ 2010! PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 34
35 Sensitivity to θ at δ CP =0/π POT (OA2.5 ) sin 2 2θ13 = 0.1 [sin 2 θ 23 = ½] 232 = 2.5x10-3 Δm 23 BG subtraction: 10% error sin 2 2θ # of events in Eνrec=0.35~0.85 [GeV] Background in Super-K ν μ 10 ν e 13 total 23 Signal [~40% eff] 103 PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA Signal + BG
36 Backups PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 36
37 Use 1R μ-like events Large QE fraction Beam with small high energy tail sin 2 2θ less sensitive to systematics Clear deficit is expected in the reconstructed ν energy δe= δ(eν rec-eν true) ~ 60MeV < 10% measurement on Δm 2 ν ν μ +n μ + p Eν rec E νrec mn E = m E N μ μ θ μ p m + p 2 μ μ Measurement of θ 23, Δm 2 23 μ - (E μ, p μ ) / 2 cosθ μ R(measured / expected) Δm 2 QE sin 2 2θ inelastic E ν (reconstructed) E ν (true) ΔE~60MeV Eν rec (GeV) PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 37
38 Sensitivity for sin 2 2θ 23, Δm δ(sin 2 2θ) δ(δm 2 ) ev 2 Statistical Error Statistical Error OA2.5 o, POT ~ 5 full Intensity Assumed Systematic Errors Normalization non-qe/qe ratio Energy scale 5% 5% 1% Spectrum Shape 20% Beam Width 5% Errors will be further reduced by near detector measurements and pion production measurements (CERN NA49) FLUKA MARS PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 38
39 (%) 1.0 Neutrino Facility Solid lines: w/ matter, Dashed lines: w/o matter L=295km CPV and Matter Effect (%) km CPV ~½ sin 0.6 sin 2 2θ Eν(GeV) Eν(GeV) Asymmetry can be seen at oscillation maximum ~0.7GeV Smaller matter effect at 295km PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 39
40 4MW, 540kt 2yr for ν μ 6~7yr for ν μ Δm 212 =6.9x10-5 ev 2 Δm 322 =2.8x10-3 ev 2 θ 12 =0.594 θ 23 =π/4 3σ Sensitivity for CPV in T2K-II sin 2 2θ no BG 0.04 signal stat only 0.02 JHF-HK CPV Sensitivity CHOOZ excluded sin 2 2θ 13 <0.12@Δm 312 ~3x10-3 ev 2 stat+2%syst. stat+5%syst. (signal+bg) stat only stat+10%syst. T2K-I 90% sinδ 3σ CP sensitivity : δ >20 o for sin 2 2θ 13 >0.01 with 2% syst. δ=0 signal δ=π/2 total ν μ background ν μ ν e ν e ν μ ν e ν μ ν e PAC07: : 22 nd PAC Conference June 26, 2007 USA 40
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