Accelerator Neutrino Experiments News from Neutrino 2010 Athens

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1 Accelerator Neutrino Experiments News from Neutrino 2010 Athens Ed Kearns Boston University

2 Outline Quick overview New result 1: OPERA tau appearance New result 2: MINOS nu- e appearance Looking forward to θ 13 : T2K and NOνA status New result 3: MINOS anmneutrinos New result 4: MiniBooNE anmneutrinos

3 Neutrino 2010 Speakers O. Sato, Nagoya OPERA P. Vahle, William & Mary MINOS R. Van de Water, LANL MiniBooNE K. Kobayashi, KEK T2K K. Heller, Minnesota NOνA

4 Neutrino Physics with Beams Demonstrated neutrino flavors (lepton number) Discovery of neutral current of weak interacmon Parton sca[ering (quark vs anm- quark PDFs) Weak mixing angle Neutrino cross secmons Neutrino oscilla.on

5 Neutrino OscillaMon Source Flight Baseline Detector B. Kayser ν e ν µ ν τ U e1 U e2 U e 3 = U µ1 U µ2 U µ 3 U τ1 U τ 2 U τ 3 ν 1 ν 2 ν 3 P(ν α ν β ) = δ αβ 4 i> j Re[U * αi U βi U αj U * βj ]sin 2 2 L Δm ij 4 E ±2 Im[ i> j U αi * U βi U αj U * 2 L βj ]sin Δm ij 2E P(ν α ν β ) = sin 2 2θ sin Δm ij two- flavor L[km] E[GeV]

6 PMNS Matrix ParametrizaMon WHY??

7 Long Baselines CERN MINOS MN WI Gran Sasso Super-K J-PARC MI Fermilab IL IN T2K 295 km 0.1 MW 0.75 MW 22.5 kton Super- K OA 2 MINOS and NOνA 735 km / 810 km MW 5 kton / 13 kton on- axis / OA 2 OPERA and ICARUS 730 km ~ 0.4 MW 1.2 kton / 0.6 kton on- axis <E> ~ 17 GeV

8 300 µm double- sided emulsion Emulsion Cloud Chamber + electronic detector (scint. strips, magnet)

9 OPERA ν tau Search Exposure (2008/2009) On- Mme events Candidate interacmons Searched so far Expected CCντ candidates 5.3e19 POT (~25% of plan) events 5391 events 1088 events ~ 0.5 events as seen by electronic detector (1 of 2 views) First Candidate Event found analyzed published (2010)

10 OPERA nu tau Event Candidate

11 Event CharacterizaMon Passes criteria defined in original proposal. Consistent with τ ν τ ρ (π π 0 ) Background expectamon: ± (1- prong topology) Probability of background: 1.8% (equivalent to 2.4σ ) h[p://arxiv.org/abs/ CongratulaMons OPERA... looks good to me!

12 MINOS 5.4 kton far detector, 1 kton near 484 steel/scintillator planes 2.54 cm thick steel plates (1.4X 0 ) 1.2 T solenoidal magnetic field peak neutrino energy ~ 3 GeV 92% ν µ, 1.5% ν e /ν e -bar

13 ν µ Disappearance

14 ν µ Disappearance

15 ν e Appearance 49.1 ± 7.0 ± 2.7 events expected 54 events detected 0.7s excess

16 ν e Appearance

17 Off- Axis Super- Beams AGS Proposal E- 889 BNL (1995) neutrino energy (GeV) OA2 OA2.5 OA pion momentum (GeV/c) Appearance Probability Pappearance sin22θ13=0.19 sin22θ13=0.06 sin22θ13= Neutrino Energy [GeV] Neutrino Energy (GeV)

18 Status of T2K 2e19 POT delivered, 50 kw running, peak power so far 100 kw 22 far- detector events detected through mid- May

19 2012: upgrade NuMI beam from 400 kw to 700 kw Status of NOνA

20 Outlook on θ 13 (Interpret Carefully!) arxiv: v1 [hep- ph]

21

22 MINOS AnM- ν Running

23 MINOS AnM- n Running

24 MINOS AnM- ν Running

25 Sterile Neutrino Back from the Dead

26 LSND +/- Weakly significant (3.8σ) + No known defect - Complementary experiment, KARMEN, sees no effect (+ but with less sensitivity) Ed Kearns Boston University NEPPSR 2006

27 MiniBooNE Keep L/E same as LSND while changing systematics, energy & event signature LSND: E ~30 MeV MiniBooNE: E ~500 MeV L ~30 m L/E ~1 L ~500 m L/E ~1 target and horn" decay region" absorber" dirt " detector" Booster K + π + ν µ ν e??? primary beam" secondary beam" tertiary beam" (protons)" (mesons)" (neutrinos)" Neutrino mode: search for ν µ ν e appearance with 6.5E20 POT assumes CP/CPT conservation Antineutrino mode: search for ν µ ν e appearance with 5.66E20 POT direct test of LSND

28 Neutrino Mode Results (2009) Neutrino Exclusion Limits: 6.5E20 POT Published PRL 102, (2009) (E>475 MeV) LSND L/E region new: MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess

29 MeV MeV MeV Data MC (stat+sys) ± ± ± 22.5 Excess (stat) 18.5 ± 10.0 (1.9σ) 20.9 ± 10.0 (2.1σ) 43.2 ±15.3 (2.8σ) Excess (stat+sys) 18.5 ± 14.3 (1.3σ) 20.9 ± 13.9 (1.5σ) 43.2 ± 22.5 (1.9σ) 29

30 Results for 5.66E20 POT Maximum likelihood fit. Null excluded at 99.4% with respect to the two neutrino oscillation fit. Best Fit Point ( m 2, sin 2 2θ) = (0.064 ev 2, 0.96) χ 2 /NDF= 16.4/12.6 P(χ 2 )= 20.5% Results to be published. E>475 MeV

31 MINOS 3.36 ± 0.40 ev 2 versus 2.35 ± 0.11 ev 2 (see contours) ~ compatible at 90% CL MiniBooNE 1.5σ (stat + sys) separate effect at low E These could be statistical or systematic or new physics not necessarily CPT violation: a difference in interaction with matter would suffice Recommendation: Put a magnetic field around DeepCore (just kidding!) 31

32 We Had A Plan! CP Violation Mass Hierarchy Theta 13 J- PARC: Hyper- K or LAr or T2KK LBNE NOνA T2K Neutrinos versus Anti-Neutrinos? good news for beta beams or a neutrino factory

33 Slides

34 -1 10 (ev 2 ) 2 m Super- K Atmospheric Neutrino % 68% 90% 99% MINOS Collaboration Preliminary Nu 2010 Super-K Fit anm- neutrino component separately (constraining neutrino component) sin 2 23

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