Fig. 2. RC beam web: a) axonometric view of the adopted schematization and b) shear loading process.

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Howard Jacobs
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1 FIGURE CAPTIONS Fig. 1. Pib faiur md f a NSM FRP ip: (a) dbdig, (b) amiat ti ruptur, (c) ccrt mi-cica fractur, (d) mid haw mi-c pu dbdig. Fig. 2. RC bam wb: a) amic viw f th adptd chmatizati ad b) har adig prc. Fig. 3. Iacti amg adjact ip: a) amic viw ad b) cti para t th CDC pa. Fig. 4. NSM har gth cibuti vauati: fw chart. Fig. 5. Sig Sip Cibuti: (a-b) iativ prcdur fr archig th quiibrium cditi i th urrudig ccrt; (c) vauati f th prgriv ccrt fractur capacity fr a ig ip i th imp ca f rthgaity btw ip ad CDC ad arg pacig ad (d) i prc f iacti btw adjact ip t rthga t th CDC pa. Fig. 6. Aumd ca bd -ip ratihip: rvat pha f th faiur ccurrig withi th adhiv ayr. Fig. 7. Dbdig prc fr a ifiit bd gth. Diibuti f ip, bd, ip aia ad frc afrrd t th urrudig ccrt ag th afr gth fr th bd pha: (a) atic, (b) ftig ad (c) ftig fricti. Fig. 8. Fr Sippig pha f th dbdig prc fr a ifiit bd gth: diibuti f ip, bd, i th ip ad prgrivy afrrd frc. Fig. 9. Bd wav prgrig frm th add d t th fr mity: (a) ivariat diibuti f har ad ip ad th crrpdig diibuti f ip aia ad prgriv vau f th frc afrrd t th urrudig ccrt thrugh bd fr a ifiit vau f th ritig bd gth, (b) diibuti f ip, tagtia ad prgriv frc afrrd t ccrt fr a fiit vau f th ritig bd gth ad impd d ip t ad fr (c) t. Li Fig. 1. CDC pa: (a) gmica quatiti i OY ad th ip ca rfrc ytm j 1j 2j; (b) abcia vau cary t vauat th i-th ip, bth, Liar Li 1 f i i A fi ad N Liar ara A fi. Fig. 11. Appraia f th prpd md fr th bam ttd by Dia ad Barr (28) ad by Dia t a. (27). Fig. 12. Crackig cari rgardig bam 2S-7LI45-II: umrica rut fr k = 1 (a), k = 2 (b), k = 3 (c), ad primta pt-tt pictur (d-f). 1

2 Fig. 13. Cmpari btw umrica ad primta rut: a fucti f th pacig btw adjact ip at 6 fr ccrt f cm 31.1 MPa (a) ad f cm 18.6 MPa (b); grup ffct fr th 3 rd cfigurati (ccrt f cm 31.1 MPa ad β 6 ) (c) ad ida har gth cibuti fr a ytm f NSM with pacig 75 mm (d). Fig. 14. Grup ffct: (a) a ra ca with a crtai vau f th pacig btw adjact ip ( f, ra ), (b) a ra ca with a rducd vau f th pacig (, dpictd i (a)..5 f ra ) ad (c) ida ituati crrpdig t th ra ca 2

3 a) b) c) d) Fig. 1. Pib faiur md f a NSM FRP ip: (a) dbdig, (b) amiat ti ruptur, (c) ccrt mi-cica fractur, (d) mid haw mi-c pu dbdig. 3

4 aumd CDC pa b w wb tp urfac ; N ; t f1, k f, k ip bam fag E t z h w Z fi Li O i t L fi L f h w Y y Z O f 1, k f wb bttm urfac a) O i f1,k b) f bam wb Fig. 2. RC bam wb: a) amic viw f th adptd chmatizati ad b) har adig prc. 4

5 CDC pa OY 45 f. b w 2 cti h w f ctm f i cti pa f ctm cmpt para ad rthga t th wb fac a) b) ctm Fig. 3. Iacti amg adjact ip: a) amic viw ad b) cti para t th CDC pa. 5

6 Iput Param h ; b ; ; ; ; ; f ; f ; E ; a ; b ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; w w f cm fu f f f ma t i 1,., N Li, k f, k i 1 c fik, t; LRfik, t1 ; Lfik, t1 ; uik, t1 Sig Sip Icrmt har gth cibuti t t 2 t i f, k f, k fi, k t ii1 i N f, k t y t t y k k 1 k 3 y t t 1 f, k t with k 1, 2,3 1 Fig. 4. NSM har gth cibuti vauati: fw chart. 6

7 it ; ; q1 ; 45 ; 45 ; f it ; ; q2 q; 45 ; 45 ; f bd bd fi Li t; LRfi t; q1 fi Li t; LRfi t; q L t q ; Rfi 1 cf fi ctm i ; f ; L t ; q Rfi i i i c Lfi t ; q 1 c bd fi Lit; LRfit; q1 ; i i i i c L t ; q fi c O i Li t t Li L, fi Li t; LRfi t; q1 L, fi Li t ; LRfi t; q a) b) i; 45 ; 45 ; f i; 45 ; 9 ; f. cf cf c ; f ; ; f ; ; L ji fi ctm i 9 fctm fi ctm i fj f ctm i b w 2 h w i fi i C ; mi-c arady frmd Cfi ; i ; Lfj ji c) d) c Fig. 5. Sig ip cibuti: (a-b) iativ prcdur fr archig th quiibrium cditi i th urrudig ccrt; (c) vauati f th prgriv ccrt fractur capacity fr a ig ip i th imp ca f rthgaity btw ip ad CDC ad arg pacig ad (d) i prc f iacti btw adjact ip t rthga t th CDC pa. 7

8 atic pha ftig frictia pha 1 ftig pha fr ippig pha Fig. 6. Aumd ca bd -ip ratihip: rvat pha f th faiur ccurrig withi th adhiv ayr. 8

9 9 f f f f f f 1 2 f f, bd f f, bd, bd 1, bd, bd 1 2, bd 1 1 L 2 L L 1 a) b) c) Fig. 7. Dbdig prc fr a ifiit bd gth. Diibuti f ip, bd, ip aia ad frc afrrd t th urrudig ccrt ag th afr gth fr th bd pha: (a) atic, (b) ftig ad (c) ftig fricti.

10 f f f f f f f f 1 2 f f f f f f f f bd, bd, bd, f f L 1 L 2 L 3 Fig. 8. Fr ippig pha f th dbdig prc fr a ifiit bd gth: diibuti f ip, bd, aia i th ip ad prgrivy afrrd frc. 1

11 f f ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f f f f f f a) 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f f f f ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f f f f bd, ( ) bd, ( ) bd, f f ( ) bd, f f ( ) L1 L2 L 3 L [ ( t )] Li L [ ( t )] Li 1 f f i i L Rfi Li( t ) Li ( t 1) f 1 2 b1) b2) ( i ; t) ( i ; t1) L Rfi f i f i bd fi ( i ; t) fi ( i ; t 1) bd Fig. 9. Bd wav prgrig frm th add d t th fr mity: (a) ivariat diibuti f har ad ip ad th crrpdig diibuti f ip aia ad prgriv vau f th frc afrrd t th urrudig ccrt thrugh bd fr a ifiit vau f th ritig bd gth, (b) diibuti f ip, tagtia ad prgriv frc afrrd t ccrt fr a fiit vau f th ritig bd gth ad impd d ip t ad fr (c) t. Li Li 1 f 11

12 Y L d a) 2 1 b 1Pj 2 j w P 2 2Pj b j O Y j fj v j 1 j v 2 j a j L d 1 j b w 3 t ; i 2; q ; m N Li. b) 2 O q 21 Li. q 22 p 23 N Li. 1 3 b w Fig. 1. CDC pa: (a) gmica quatiti i OY ad th ip ca rfrc ytm j 1j 2j; (b) abcia vau cary t vauat th i-th ip, bth, Liar i i A fi ad N Liar ara A fi. 12

13 NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] CDC pig ag [ ] Bam 2S-3LI6-I 7 Ep Ep CDC pig ag [ ] Bam 2S-4LI45-II Ep. Ep CDC pig ag [ ] Bam 4S-4LI45-II Bam 2S-5L-I Ep. Ep. Ep. Ep CDC pig ag [ ] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] Ep CDC pig ag [ ] Bam 2S-7LI6-I Ep. 4 3 Ep CDC pig ag [ ] Bam 2S-7LI45-II Ep. Ep CDC pig ag [ ] p 11 p 21 p31 p32 p 22 p 12 Bam 2S-8L-I Bam 4S-7LI45-II Ep. Ep. Ep CDC pig ag [ ] Fig. 11. Appraia f th prpd md fr th bam ttd by Dia ad Barr (28) ad by Dia t a. (27). 13

1 28.5 2.1 5 6.1 5.2.2 2.3.6 4.6.7 3 1 4 3.

14 a) b) c) d) ) f ) Fig. 12. Crackig cari rgardig bam 2S-7LI45-II: umrica rut fr k = 1 (a), k = 2 (b), k = 3 (c), ad primta pt-tt pictur (d-f). 14

15 NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f,3 [kn] Spacig f [cm] Spacig f [cm] a) b) = 6 ; f cm = 31.1 MPa Ep. = 6 ; f cm = 31.1 MPa; k = 3 Ra Ma. Ida Spacig f [cm] NSM har cib. f,k [kn] NSM har cib. f [kn] = 6 ; f cm = 31.1 MPa; f = 75. mm = 6 ; f cm = 18.6 MPa Ep. Ida Spacig i th ida cfigurati f [cm] c) d) Fig. 13. Cmpari btw umrica ad primta rut: a fucti f th pacig btw adjact ip at 6 fr ccrt f cm 31.1 MPa (a) ad f cm 18.6 MPa (b); grup ffct fr th 3 rd cfigurati (ccrt f cm 31.1 MPa ad β 6 ) (c) ad ida har gth cibuti fr a ytm f NSM with pacig 75 mm (d). 15

16 t 2 L f 5 L f 4 L5 L4 L 2 L3 L f 3.5 f, ra Lf 1 L f 2 L1 a) f, ra b) L f 5 L f 4 t L5 L3 t t L4 t L2 L f 3 t L1 L f 2 L f 1 f, ida c) Fig. 14. Grup ffct: (a) a ra ca with a crtai vau f th pacig btw adjact ip ( f, ra ), (b) a ra ca with a rducd vau f th pacig (, dpictd i (a)..5 f ra ) ad (c) ida ituati crrpdig t th ra ca 16

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