Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors

Transcription

1 Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors Edited by Jean-Paul Louis WILEY

2 Table of Contents Introduction Jean-Paul Louis xi Chapter 1. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Principles of Function and Simplified Control Model 1 Francis LABRIQUE and Francois BAUD ART 1.1. Introduction Design aspects specific to the self-controlled synchronous machine Simplified model for the study of steady state operation Study of steady-state operation Operation at nominal speed, voltage and current Operation with a torque smaller than the nominal torque Operation with a speed below the nominal speed Running as a generator Equivalence of a machine with a commutator and brushes Equations inferred from the theory of circuits with sliding contacts Evaluation of alternating currents circulating in steady state in the damper windings Transposition of the study to the case of a negative rotational speed Variant of the base assembly Conclusion List of the main symbols used Bibliography 30

3 vi Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors Chapter 2. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Dynamic Model Including the Behavior of Damper Windings and Commutation Overlap 33 Ernest MATAGNE 2.1. Introduction Choice of the expression of N k Expression of fluxes General properties of coefficients <X>, <Y> and <2> Electrical dynamic equations Expression of electromechanical variables Expression of torque Writing of equations in terms of coenergy Application to control Conclusion Appendix 1: value of coefficients <X>, <Y> and <Z> Appendix 2: derivatives of coefficients <X>, <Y> and <2> Appendix 3: simplifications for small ц Appendix 4: List of the main symbols used in Chapters 1 and Bibliography 65 Chapter 3. Synchronous Machines in Degraded Mode 67 Damien FLIELLER, Ngac Ky NGUYEN, Herve SCHWAB and Guy STURTZER 3.1. General introduction Analysis of failures of the set converter-machine: converters with MOSFET transistors Analysis of the main causes of failure Failure of the inverter Other failures Reliability of a permanent magnet synchronous motors drive Environmental conditions in the motor industry The two reliability reports: MIL-HdbK-217 and RDF Failure rate of permanent magnet synchronous motors actuators Conclusion Optimal supplies of permanent magnet synchronous machines in the presence of faults Introduction: the problem of a-b-c controls Supplies of faulty synchronous machines with non-sinusoidal back electromagnetic force Generalization of the modeling A heuristic approach to the solution First optimization of ohmic losses without constraint on the homopolar current 82

4 Table of Contents vii Second optimization of ohmic losses with the sum of currents of non-faulty phases being zero Third optimization of ohmic losses with a homopolar current of zero (in all phases) Global formulations Experimental learning strategy in closed loop to obtain optimal currents in all cases Simulation results General conclusion Glossary Bibliography 121 Chapter 4. Control of the Double-star Synchronous Machine Supplied by PWM Inverters 125 Mohamed Fouad BENKHORIS 4.1. Introduction Description of the electrical actuator Basic equations Voltage equations Equation of the electromagnetic torque Dynamic models of the double-star synchronous machine Dynamic model in referential diq!d 2 q Dynamic model in referential dqz!z 2 z 3 z Control of the double-star synchronous machine Control in referential diqid 2 q Control in referential dqziz 2 z 3 z Bibliography 158 Chapter 5. Vectorial Modeling and Control of Multiphase Machines with Non-salient Poles Supplied by an Inverter 161 Xavier KESTELYN and Eric S 5.1. Introduction and presentation of the electrical machines Control model of inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous machines Characteristic spaces and generalization of the notion of an equivalent two-phase machine The inverter seen from the machine Torque control of multiphase machines Control of currents in the natural basis Control of currents in a decoupling basis Modeling and torque control of multiphase machines in degraded supply mode 203

5 viii Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors Modeling of a machine with a supply defect Torque control of a faulty machine Bibliography 204 Chapter 6. Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines 207 Nicolas PATIN and Lionel Vmo 6.1. Description Definition Classification Modeling with the aim of control Setting up equations Formulation in components Complete model Control by model inversion Aims of the torque control Current control of the machine Optimization and current inputs Overspeed and flux weakening of synchronous machines Generalities Flux weakening of synchronous machines with classical magnets The unified approach to flux weakening using "optimal inputs" Conclusion Bibliography 239 Chapter 7. Advanced Control of the Linear Synchronous Motor 241 Ghislain REMY and Pierre-Jean BARRE 7.1. Introduction Historical review and applications in the field of linear motors Presentation of linear synchronous motors Technology of linear synchronous motors Linear motor models using sinusoidal magneto-motive force assumption Causal ordering graph representation Advanced modeling of linear synchronous motors Classical control of linear motors State-of-the-art in linear motor controls Control structure design using the COG inversion principles Closed-loop control Advanced control of linear motors Multiple resonant controllers in a two-phase reference frame

6 Table of Contents ix Feed-forward control for the compensation of detent forces Commands by then* derivative for sensorless control Conclusion Nomenclature Acknowledgment Bibliography Appendix: LMD Datasheet of ETEL 285 Chapter 8. Variable Reluctance Machines: Modeling and Control 287 Mickael HILAIRET, Thierry LUBIN and Abdelmounaim TOUNZI 8.1. Introduction Synchronous reluctance machines Description and operating principle Hypotheses and model of a Synchrel machine Control of the Synchrel machine Applications Switched reluctance machines Description and principle of operation Hypotheses and direct model of the SRM Control Applications Conclusion Bibliography 323 Chapter 9. Control of the Stepping Motor 329 Bruno ROBERT and Moez FEKI 9.1. Introduction Modeling Main technologies The modeling hypotheses The model Control in open loop The types of supply The supply modes Case of slow movement Case of quick movement Controls in closed loop Linear models Servo-control of speed Advanced control: the control of chaos Chaotic behavior The model 361

7 x Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors Orbit stabilization Absolute stability Synthesis of the controller Examples Bibliography 371 Chapter 10. Control of Piezoelectric Actuators 375 Frederic GIRAUD and Betty LEMAIRE-S Introduction Traveling wave ultrasonic motors: technology and usage Functioning features Models Causal model in the supplied voltage referential Hypotheses and notations Kinematics of the ideal rotor Generation of the motor torque Stator's resonance Calculation of modal reaction forces Complete model Causal model in the referential of the traveling wave Park transform applied to the traveling wave motor Transformed model Study of the motor stall Validation of the model Torque estimator Control based on a behavioral model Controls based on a knowledge model Inversion principle Control structure inferred from the causal model: emphasis on self-control Practical carrying out of self-control Conclusion Bibliography 407 List of Authors 411 Index 413