Ontology based interlingua translation

Transcription

1 Ontology based interlingua translation Leonardo Lesmo & Alessandro Mazzei & Daniele Radicioni Dipartimento di Informatica Università degli Studi di Torino CICLing

2 Lingua Italiana dei segni (LIS) It is a real language: lexicon, morphology, sintax. But there are iconic phenomena too Distinct countries have distinct signed languages Buonasera a tutti 2

3 The linguistics of LIS Several articolators: parallelism Spatial organization of the sentence No prepositions, genre, articles Meteo19-3 Plural SOV Many local dialects A few linguistic studies No (natural) written form (!!!): GLOSSE+feats 3

4 Ontology Based Translation Architecture Logic Analysis Generation TU.L.E. { T.U.P. O.B.S.I OpenCCG ITALIAN LIS [GLOSSE+Feats] 4

5 Outline Analysis of Italian Turin University Parser (T.U.P.) Ontology Based Semantic Interpretater (O.B.S.I) Generation of LIS LIS-CCG and OpenCCG Conclusion 5

6 Outline Analysis of Italian Turin University Parser (T.U.P.) Ontology Based Semantic Interpretater (O.B.S.I) Generation of LIS LIS-CCG and OpenCCG Conclusion 6

7 Turin University Parser Domani le nuvole sono in aumento al nord A wide-coverage bottom-up rule-based dependency parser Rules for: Chunking, Coordination, Verb-SubCat 7

8 Outline Analysis of Italian Turin University Parser (T.U.P.) Ontology Based Semantic Interpretater (O.B.S.I) Generation of LIS LIS-CCG and OpenCCG Conclusion 8

9 = Description + Weather + World entity description geographicarea meteostatus-situation time-interval evaluableentity it-area-spec Adriatic perturbato it-geograrea itregion sea weatherstatussituation weatherevent precipitation storm weatherstatusdescription timeintervaldescription daydescription deicticdaydescription clouds day positiveeval-entity positive-day evening positive-evening monday today it-adriatic-region 9

10 Computing Meaning by recursion n d 1... d i... d K

11 Case study: ordinals Domani è l'ultimo giorno del mese adjc+ordin-rmod ultimo [ last] giorno [ day] rmod mese [ month] 11

12 Ordinals in the ontology physical-entity &part-smaller part-of &part-bigger time-interval temporal-part-of &temporalpart-smaller &temporalpart-bigger day day-month-part-of &day-indaymonth &month-indaymonth month day-sequence ordinaldescription sequenceableentity &ord-described-item &reference-sequence entity-sequence &ordinaldesc-selector ordinal-selector last 12

13 Ordinals in the ontology ultimo giorno del mese physical-entity &part-smaller part-of &part-bigger adjc+ordin-rmod ultimo [ last] giorno [ day] rmod mese [ month] time-interval temporal-part-of &temporalpart-smaller &temporalpart-bigger day day-month-part-of &day-indaymonth &month-indaymonth month day-sequence ordinaldescription sequenceableentity &ord-described-item &reference-sequence entity-sequence &ordinaldesc-selector ordinal-selector last 13

14 Ordinals in the ontology ultimo giorno del mese physical-entity &part-smaller part-of &part-bigger adjc+ordin-rmod ultimo [ last] giorno [ day] rmod mese [ month] time-interval temporal-part-of &temporalpart-smaller &temporalpart-bigger day day-month-part-of &day-indaymonth &month-indaymonth month day-sequence ordinaldescription sequenceableentity &ord-described-item &reference-sequence entity-sequence &ordinaldesc-selector ordinal-selector last 14

15 Ontological restriction ultimo giorno del mese giorno [ day] adjc+ordin-rmod rmod ultimo [ last] mese [ month] day &ord-described-item last ordinaldescription &ordinaldesc-selector &reference-sequence month 15

16 Ontological restriction Hybrid Logic <ODI> X 1 day &ord-described-item last ordinaldescription &ordinaldesc-selector &reference-sequence month <ODRS> X 2 <ODS> X last' 16

17 Outline Analysis of Italian Turin University Parser (T.U.P.) Ontology Based Semantic Interpretater (O.B.S.I) Generation of LIS LIS-CCG and OpenCCG Conclusion 17

18 Generation with OpenCCG LIS-CCG HL OpenCCG GLOSSE+Feats Combinatory Categorial Grammar: S, NP, S\NP/NP,... Bidirectional: speed-up in grammar development Syntax/Semantics: Features Unification with Hybrid Logic Symbolic-statistical chart 18

19 LIS-CCG lexicon LEX SynCAT SemCAT GRN-25 N [X 1 1 day' <ODI> Z 1 MS-37 N [X 0 ] / N [Z 1 ] <ODRS> X 2 month' UTM-4 N [Z 2 ] \ N [Z 2 2 <ODS> X 3 last' 19

20 CCG derivation (and parsing!) <ODI>X1 <ODRS>X 2 N [X 0 ] : <ODS>X last' 20

21 CCG derivation (and parsing!) <ODI>X1 <ODRS>X 2 N [X 0 ] : <ODS>X last' N [Z 2 ] \ N [Z 2 ] 2 <ODS>X 3 last' UTM-4 21

22 CCG derivation (and parsing!) <ODI>X1 <ODRS>X 2 N [X 0 ] : <ODS>X last' < N [X 0 ] : <ODI>X 1 <ODRS>X 1 2 month' N [Z 2 ] \ N [Z 2 ] 2 <ODS>X 3 last' UTM-4 22

23 CCG derivation (and parsing!) <ODI>X1 <ODRS>X 2 N [X 0 ] : <ODS>X last' < N [X 0 ] : <ODI>X 1 <ODRS>X 1 2 month' N [X 1 ] 1 day' N [Z 2 ] \ N [Z 2 ] 2 <ODS>X 3 last' GRN-25 UTM-4 23

24 CCG derivation (and parsing!) <ODI>X1 <ODRS>X 2 N [X 0 ] : <ODS>X last' < N [X 0 ] : <ODI>X 1 <ODRS>X 1 2 month' N [X 0 ] / N [Z 1 ] : <ODI> Z 1 <ODRS>X 2 month' > N [X 1 ] 1 day' N [Z 2 ] \ N [Z 2 ] 2 <ODS>X 3 last' MS-37 GRN-25 UTM-4 24

25 Virtual Actor MS-37 GRN-25 UTM-4 25

26 Outline Analysis of Italian Turin University Parser (T.U.P.) Ontology Based Semantic Interpretater (O.B.S.I) Generation of LIS LIS-CCG and OpenCCG Conclusion 26

27 Conclusion Interlingua Translation = Deep analyses and trasformations Knowledge bases Grammars: Italian (dependencies), LIS (CCG) Ontologies: language, world, domain 27

28 Conclusion Work in Progress: More linguistic phenomena Semantic Roles Topic/Focus Evaluation? 28

29 Aknowledgment ATLAS project is co-funded by Regione Piemonte within the Converging Technologies - CIPE 2007 framework (Research Sector: Cognitive Science and ICT). Thanks for your time :) Time flies like an arrow 29

30 References V. Volterra, editor. La lingua dei segni italiana. Il Mulino, C. Geraci. Lʼordine delle parole nella LIS (lingua dei segni italiana). In Convegno nazionale del la Società di Linguistica Italiana, L. Lesmo, A. Mazzei, and D. Radicioni. An ontology based architecture for translation. In International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2011), Oxford, UK, January To appear. L. Lesmo, A. Mazzei, and D. Radicioni. Ontology based interlingua translation. In 12th International Conference on Intel ligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing 2011), Tokyo, February To appear. L. Lesmo. The Rule-Based Parser of the NLP Group of the University of Torino. Intel ligenza Artificiale, 2(4):46 47, June L. Lesmo and L. Robaldo. Use of Ontologies in Practical NL Query Interpretation. In R. Basili and M. T. Pazienza, editors, AI*IA, volume 4733 of LNAI, pages , Time flies like an arrow 30

31 References M. W hffii t e. E c i e n t r e a l i z a t i o n o f c o o r d i n a t e s t r u grammar. Research on Language and Computation, 2006(4(1)):39 75, M. White, R. A. J. Clark, and J. D. Moore. Generating tailored, comparative descriptions with contextually appropriate intonation. Computational Linguistics, 36(2): , M. Steedman. The syntactic process. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, S. Nirenburg and V. Raskin. Ontological Semantics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, A. Gangemi and P. Mika. Understanding the Semantic Web through Descriptions and Situations. In Proc. of the International Conference on Ontologies, Databases and Applications of SEmantics (ODBASE 2003), Catania, Italy, November Time flies like an arrow 31

32 Architecture 32

33 Ordinals in the ontology physical-entity &part-smaller part-of &part-bigger time-interval temporal-part-of &temporalpart-smaller &temporalpart-bigger day day-month-part-of &day-indaymonth &month-indaymonth month day-sequence ordinaldescription sequenceableentity &ord-described-item &reference-sequence entity-sequence &ordinaldesc-selector ordinal-selector last 33

34 LIS-CCG LEX SynCAT SemCAT nuvola U NP [position=u X] X=cloud' domani N S [position=n E] / S [position=n E] TIME(E,tomorrow') nord U S [position=u E] / S [position=u E] LOC(E,north') nuvolaaumentare U S [E] \ NP [position=u Y] event(e=cloud-increase') AGENT(E,Y) 34

35 CCG derivation S : event(e=cloud-increase') AGENT(E,cloud') LOC(E,north') TIME(E,tomorrow') S : > event(e=cloud-increase') AGENT(E,cloud') LOC(E,north') > S : event(e=cloud-increase') AGENT(E,cloud') < S E / S E S E / S E NP X S E \ NP Y domani N nord U nuvola U nuvola-aumentare U TIME(E,tomorrow') LOC(E,north') X=cloud' event(e=cloud-increase') AGENT(E,Y) 35

36 Ontological restriction FoL day &ord-described-item last ordinaldescription &ordinaldesc-selector &reference-sequence month ODI(X 0,X 1 ) ODRS(X 0,X 2 ) ODS(X 0,X 3 ) day(x 1 ) month(x 2 ) last(x 3 ) 36