Owner's Guide Scientific Calculator

Transcription

1 Owner's Guide Scientific Calculator VICT R" I U ff I "l I _ U. 0 <;)FF sin cos tan 1/x R..P In log Y' X' A8/c HYP RM X M M )( EXP +/- Scientific Calculator DEG DRG DATA

2 KEY INDEX GENERAL KEYS KEY Functions Page 0-9, +,, x, AC C/CE +/ - Data entry 16 Basic calculation 16 All clear 7 Clear/Clear error 12 Sign change 16 MEMORY KEYS KEY Functions Page R M X M X M M + Independent memory recall 18 Independent memory in 18 Exchange of display data 18 and contents of M Memory plus 18 SPECIAL KEYS KEY Functions Page ( ) E X P Inverse 8 Mode 7 Parenthese 16 Exponent 11 KEY Functions Page π Pi 28 DEG DMS Seagesimal notation / decimal notation conversion 28 Mode of angle DEG RAD DRG GRAD DEG DRG Angular conversion of data DEG RAD GRAD DEG 29 X Y FIX FLO SCI ENG BASE - N KEYS Register exchange 33 Clearing the last entered digit 12 Fix the number of digits after decimal point 33 Floating notation 33 Scientific notation 33 Engineering notation 33 KEY Functions Page A DEC BIN OCT AND OR XOR XNOR NOT NEG F Decimal 21 Binary 21 Hexadecimal 21 Octal 21 Hexadecimal numbers entry 21 And 26 Or 26 Exclusive Or 26 Exclusive Nor 26 Not 26 Negative 24

3 FUNCTION KEYS KEY Functions Page sin cos tan sin -1 cos -1 tan -1 HYP log 10 x In e x x 2 AB/C, D/C 3 1/x n! y x x y R P P R % Sine 29 Cosine 29 Tangent 29 Arc sine 29 Arc cosine 29 Arc tangent 29 Hyperbolic 30 Common logarithm 31 Common antilogarithm 31 Natural logarithm 31 Natural anitlogarithm 31 Square root 32 Square 32 Fraction 19 Cube root 32 Reciprocal 32 Factorial 32 Power 31 Root 31 Rectangular to polar 34 Polar to rectangular 33 Percent 20 STATISTICAL KEYS KEY Functions Page DATA DEL Ón Ón-1 x n x x 2 Statistical data mode 35 Data entry 35 Data delete 35 Sample standard deviation 35 Population standard deviation 35 Arithmetic mean 35 Number of data 35 Sum of value 35 Sum of square value

4 Preface Congratulations on your purchase of the scientific calculator from Victor Technology. Victor has been serving customers since Today, Victor offers a complete line of printing, handheld, desktop, scientific, and financial calculators. For more information please see our website at or call us at Victor: The Choice of Professionals A Spanish version of this instruction manual is available at Una version en español de este manual de instruccioñes esta disponible en Copyright 2008 by Victor Technology LLC All rights reserved. INDEX 1. GENERAL GUIDE 7 2. ORDER OF OPERATIONS AND LEVELS CALCULATION RANGE AND SCIENTIFIC NOTATION CORRECTIONS OVERFLOW OR ERROR CHECK BATTERY REPLACEMENT NORMAL CALCULATIONS BINARY / OCTAL / DECIMAL / ADECIMAL CALCULATIONS FUNCTION CALCULATIONS STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

5 1. GENERAL GUIDE 1-1) Modes To put the calculator into a desired operating mode, press first, then BIN, OCT, DEC, or BIN - BIN is displayed. Calculations and conversions are performed in the Base-2 mode (Binary). 1-2) The display M E ( ) HYP BIN OCT DEG RAD GRAD Mantissa Exponent OCT DEC - OCT is displayed. Calculations and conversions are performed in the Base-8 mode (Octal). -Calculations and conversions are performed in the Base-10 mode (Decimal). - is displayed. Calculations and conversions are performed in the Base- 16 mode (Hexadecimal). - is displayed. Change to the statistical calculations mode. Pressing of AC key at any moment will clear all the memories and display contents and return the calculator to Bass-10 mode (Decimal) and angular unit in DEG. The display shows input data, interim results and answers to calculations. The mantissa section displays up to 10 digits. The exponent section displays up to ±99. -E- Error indication (see page 13) M Pressing of Something is being stored in the memory (see page 18) HYP Pressing of HYP (see page 30) BIN, OCT, BASE-N mode (see page 21) Statistical calculations (see page 35) DEG, RAD, GRAD Angular unit (see page 29) FIX SCI LCD Diagram Decimal places of a displayed value is being designated (see page 33) Converts a displayed value to exponent display (see page 33)

6 ENG FLO Converts a displayed value to exponent display of which exponent is a multiple of 3 and mantissa is between 0 to 999 (see page 33). Convert a SCI or ENG form display to normal display value (see page 33) /23 (see page 29) (see page 29) Exponent displays The display can show calculation results only up to 10 digits long. When an intermediate value or a final result is longer than 10 digits, the calculator automatically switches over to exponential notation. Values greater than 9,999,999,999 are always displayed exponentially. 2. ORDER OF OPERATIONS AND LEVELS Operation are performed in the following order of precedence : 1. Functions 4. +, 2. y x, x y,r P, P R 5. AND 3. x, 6. OR, XOR, XNOR BASE-N mode Operations with the same precedence are performed from left to right, with operations enclosed in parentheses performed first. If parentheses are nested, the operations enclosed in the innermost set of parentheses are performed fi rst

7 3. CALCUL ATION RANGE AND SCIENTIFIC NOTA TION x x Normal display When the answer exceeds the normal display capacity, it is automatically shown by scientific notation, 10-digit mantissa and exponents of 10 up to ± ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ 1. The minus ( ) sign for mantissa 2. The mantissa 3. The minus ( ) sign for exponent 4. The exponent of ten Scientific notation The whole display is read : x * Entry can be made in scientific notation by using the EXP key after entering the mantissa. EXAMPLE OPERATION READ-OUT x 10-3 ( ) 4. CORRECTIONS / EXP / If you notice a mistake during a value input, simply press to clear the last entered digit. If you notice an input mistake before you press the arithmetic operation key, simply press C/CE to clear the value and enter it again. In a series of calculations, you can correct errors in intermediate results by recalculating correctly when the error appears and then continuing with the original series from where you interrupted it. If you make a mistake by pressing the wrong key when entering +,, X,, y x, or x y simply press the appropriate key to correct. In this case, the most recently pressed key operation is used, but it retains the order of precedence of the original operation entered

8 5. OVERFLOW OR ERROR CHECK Overflow or error is indicated by the " -E- " sign and stops further calculation. Overflow or error occurs : a) When an answer, whether intermediate or final, or accumulated total in the memory is more than 1 x (" -E- " sign appears). b) When function calculations are performed with a number exceeding the input range (" -E- " sign appears). c) When the ranges for any of the number systems used in the BASE-N mode are exceeded. (" -E- " sign appears). d) When unreasonable operations are performed in statistical calculations (" -E- " sign appears). e) When the total number of levels of explicity and/or implicity (with addition-subtraction versus multiplication-division including y x and x y ) nested parentheses exceeds 6, or more than 15 pairs of parentheses are used. Ex.) You have pressed the ( key 16 times continuously before designating the sequence of x. To release these overflow checks, press the Memory protection : C/CE key. The content of the memory is protected against overflow or error and the accumulated total is recalled by pressing the RM key after the overflow check is released by the C/CE key. 6. BATTERY REPLACEMENT Power source This calculator uses two power sources : a silicon solar cell and a alkaline manganese battery (LR43) When to replace battery Memory contents disappear or when the display darkens under poor light conditions and cannot be restored by pressing the AC key. Precautions about battery Improper handling of the battery may cause battery fluid leakage or explosion. So keep the following in mind : Look at + on battery to make sure the battery is installed in the correct orientation. Do not leave exhausted battery in calculator. Fluid may leak from the battery and damage the calculator. Should the battery fluid leak, wipe it off completely from the case. Do not throw the battery in fire or into water, otherwise it may explode. Keep the battery out of the reach of children. Battery replacement procedure a) Remove one screw on the back of the calculator. Then, slide the body slightly toward the direction of the arrow. (Fig.1)! BE CAREFUL NOT TO LOSE THESE SCREWS

9 b)slide the calculator back casing slightly and lift it to remove. c)use a ball-point pen to remove the old battery as shown below. (Fig.2) d)install new battery so that the (+) side points upward. e)put back the back casing and tighten the four screws. f )Check to see if the following is displayed. If not, or nothing is displayed, repeat the above procedure all over again. 7. NORMAL CALCULATIONS - Calculations can be performed in the same sequence as the written formula (true algebraic logic). - Nesting of up to 15 parentheses at 6 levels is allowed. 7-1) Four basic calculations (incl. parenthesis calculations) EXAMPLE OPERATION READ-OUT x (-12) (-2.5) 56 x 12 +/ /- 2 3 x (1 x ) 2 3 x 1 EXP 20 7 x 8-4 x 5 ( 56-20) 7 x 8 4 x x x X5 4 x 5 6 X Y 0.3 2x{7 + 6 x (5 + 4)} 2 x ( x ( ) ) 0. ( ) 0. ( ) 122. silde to open Fig 1 Fig 2 * It is unnecessary to press the ) key before the key {7 x (3 + 6)} 10 ( 7 x (

10 7-2) Constant calculations x x x (- 9) x / ) Memory calculations using the independent memory When a new number is entered into the independent memory by the X M key, the previous number stored is automatically cleared and the new number is put in the independent memory. The M sign appears when a number is stored in the independent memory. To clear the contents press 0 X M or AC X M in sequence. The content of "M" and display data are exchanged by the X M key x x x3x6 4 x x ( 3 x (-5)x3x6 5 +/ x ) (2x3)+(2x3)+(2x3)-(2x3) X M 23 8 M+ 56 x 2 M M+ RM 7 X M M+ +/- M+ 2 x 3 M+ M+ M+ +/- M+ RM M 59. M 15. M 112. M M M x3 36 X M x x 3 -) 45x x ( ) 45 +/- M+ 56 ( 4 x ( x M+ 135 RM Continuing from above 4 x ( ) x 4 X M RM M 36. M M 234. M 135. M 407. M 4.

11 7-4) Fraction calculations Total of integer, numerator and denominator must be within 10 digits (includes division marks). A fraction can be transferred to the memory. When a fraction is extracted, the answer is displayed as a decimal. A press of AB/C key after the key converts the fraction answer to the decimal scale. 4 5 x ( ) A B /C 5 A B /C 6 x ( 3 A B /C 1 A B/C A B/C 3 ) 7 A B /C 8 A B /C 9 2 A B /C 4 A B /C A B /C 4 A B /C (1.5x10 7 ) - {(2.5x10 6 )x 3 } During a fraction calculation, a figure is reduced to the lowest terms by pressing a function command key ( +, x,, or ) or the key if the figure is reducible. A B /C A B /C 1 A B /C 1 A B /C EXP EXP 6 x 3 A B /C (Reduction) By pressing D/C continuously, the displayed value will be converted to the improper fraction. Continuing from above D/C The answer in a calculation performed between a fraction and a decimal is displayed as a decimal. 41 x ) Percentage calculations 3 A B /C 456 A B /C A B /C A B /C A B /C 52 x % of x 12 % 180. Percentage of 660 against % %add-on of % % discount of % If you made $80 last week and $100 this week, what is the percent of the new income to the old income? % 125. (%)

12 12% of % x x % of % % of % % of x x 26 % % of % of Percentage of 30 against % Percentage of 156 against How many percent is 138 grams to 150 grams? How many percent is 129 grams to 150 grams? 8. BINARY / OCTAL / DECIMAL / ADECIMAL CALCULATIONS Binary / octal / decimal / hexadecimal calculations and conversions are performed in the BASE-N mode. Base values are set by pressing one of the following keys : KEY DEX BIN OCT % 129 BASE Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Octal Calculation range after conversion BASE DIGITS RANGE Binary 10 digits Positive : 0 x Negative : x Octal 10digits Positive : 0 x Negative : x Decimal 10 digits Positive : 0 x Negative : x < 0 Hexadecimal 10 digits Positive : 0 x 2540BE3FF Negative : FDABF41C01 x FFFFFFFFFF Valid values BASE VALUE Binary : 0, 1 Octal : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Decimal : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Hexadecimal : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F Values other than noted above cannot be entered while each respective base is in effect. The letters B and D are displayed in lower case for hexadecimal. You cannot specify the unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) or the display format (FIX, SCI) while the calculator is in the BASE-N mode. Such specifications can only be made if you first exit the BASE-N mode

13 8-1) Binary / Octal / Decimal / Hexadecimal conversions Conversion of to binary 22 BIN BIN Conversion of to octal OCT 26. OCT Conversion of to hexadecimal 16. Conversion of to binary 513 BIN 0. E BIN Conversion may sometimes be impossible if calculation range of original value is greater than range of result val ue. Conversion of 7FFFFFFF 16 to decimal 7FFFFFFF DEC Conversion of to decimal OCT DEC Conversion of to octal OCT OCT Conversion of to decimal BIN DEC ) Negative expressions Negative values can be obtained by pressing the NEG key. The two's complement is produced for negation of binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values. Negative of BIN 1010 NEG BIN Conversion to decimal DEC -10. Negation of 12 BIN 1 NEG BIN Negation of 28 OCT 2 NEG OCT Negation of NEG FFFFFFFFCC. 8-3) Binary / Octal / Decimal / Hexadecimal calculations Memory and parenthesis calculations can be used with binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number systems BIN BIN x ABC 16 OCT 123 x 37AF4 16 ABC 37AF DEC

14 1F2D F2D EC916 DEC EC OCT 23 X M + DEC RM + BIN M M BIN OCT DEC OCT OCT 516. Fractional parts of calculation results are truncated x A BIN OCT 456 x DEC 78 1A DEC Multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction in mixed calculations. BC 16 x ( ) CF4 16 BC x ( DEC A5616 x A56 x RM 8-4) Logical operations The AND, OR, XOR, XNOR, NEG and NOT keys can be used to perform the respective binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal logical operations AND 1A AND 1A AND BIN 1110 AND OCT OR BIN OCT 23 OR OR D OR BIN 1101 M OCT BIN OCT BIN d ) CF XOR XOR A16 XNOR 5D16 FFFFFFFF8816 2A XNOR 5D FFFFFFFF

15 10102 AND (A16 OR 716) BIN 1010 AND ( A OR 7 ) BIN BIN A FUNCTION CALCULATIONS Scientific function keys can be utilized as subroutines of four basic calculations (including parenthesis calculations). 1A16 AND 2F16 A16 1A AND AND 2F 3B16 AND 2F16 2B16 3B 2b. NOT of BIN NOT BIN NOT of OCT 1234 NOT OCT NOT of 2FFFED16 2FFFED NOT FFFFd A. This calculator computes as π and e In some scientific functions, the display disappears momentarily while complicated formulas are being processed. So do not enter numerals or press the function key until the previous answer is displayed. You cannot specify the unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) or the display format (FIX, SCI) while the calculator is performing BASE-N calculation. Such specifications can only be made if you first exit the BASE-N mode by pressing the key. For each input range of the scientific functions, see page 39. AC 9-1) Sexagesimal Decimal conversion The DEG key converts the sexagesimal figure (degree, minute and second) to decimal notation. Operation of DMS converts the decimal notation to the sexagesimal notation DEG DMS

16 For the DMS display format, the integer part of the display data is regarded as degree, 2 digits below the decimal point as minute, and 3 rd digits and below as second. Therefore 14 25'36" Degree Minute Second 9-2) Angular conversion of data rad 50 grad 45 DRG RAD ) Trigonometric / Inverse trigonometric functions sin ( π rad ) 6 cos RAD π 6 DRG DRG sin DEG DEG cos GRAD DEG DEG RAD sec ( π rad ) 1 3 cos ( π rad ) 3 RAD π 3 cosec 30 1 sin 30 cos RAD tan DEG 6104 tan DMS ) Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic functions sinh HYP sin tanh HYP tan cosh sinh X M HYP cos cos 1/x DEG 30 sin 1/x cos-1 M RAD tan (- 35 gra) GRAD 35 +/- tan GRAD RM HYP sin M sin45 xcos65 DEG 2 x 45 sin x 65 cos sinh HYP sin In M cot 30 1 tan 30 DEG 30 tan 1/x Solve tanh 4x 0.88 x tanh HYP tan

17 9-5) Common & Natural logarithms / Exponentiations (Common antilogarithms, Natural antilogarithms, Powers and Roots) log 1.23 (log ) 1 23 log e 10 3 y x e x log sin 40 + log cos sin log + 35 cos log Solve 4 x 64. x log 64 log4 64 log 4 log / / /7 15 x y x y x y In 90 ( log e 90) 90 In log 456 In X M log RM In M 9-6)Square roots, Cube roots, Squares, Reciprocals & Factorials x x e x + 5 x 3 +/- e x / y x /7 ( ) 123 x y (78-23) -12 ( ) y x 12 +/ x /x 4 1/x 1/x 8! ( 1 x 2 x 3 x... x 7 x 8) 8 n!

18 9-7) Miscellaneous functions (FIX, SCI, ENG, FLO) FIX2 ( FIX 2 ) m x m 123 x km ENG g g mg ENG FIX FIX2 ( FIX 2 ) SCI FIX FLO 9-9) Rectangular to polar co-ordinates conversion Formula : r x 2 + y 2 θ tan -1 y ( -180 < θ 180 ) x Ex.)Find the length r and angle θ in radian when the point P is shown as x 1 and y 3 in the rectangular coordinates. RAD 1 X Y 3 R P X Y X Y 2. ( r ) (θ in radian ) 2. ( r ) 9-8) Polar to rectangular co-ordinates conversion Formula : x r cosθ y r sinθ Ex.) Find the value of x and y when the point P is shown as θ 60 and length r 2 in the polar co-ordinates. DEG 2 X Y 60 P R X Y X Y 1. (x) (y) 1. (x)

19 10. STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS Set the function mode to by pressing Ex.)Find Ón-1, Ón, x, n, x and x 2 based on the data 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52. DATA RM DATA 54 DATA 51 DATA X M DATA DATA 54 DATA 52 DATA (Sample standard deviation) Ón (Population standard deviation) Ón (Arithmetical mean) x (Number of data) n 8. (Sum of value) X 427. (Sum of square value) X Note : The sample standard deviation Ón-1 is defined as x 2 ( x )2 n n 1 the population standard deviation Ón is defined as and the arithmetical mean x is defined as x n Pressing Ón-1, Ón, x, n, X, X 2 key need not be done sequentially. Ex.) Find n, x & Ón-1 based on the data : 1.2, - 0.9, -1.5, 2.7, -0.6, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, DATA 9 +/- DATA 2. (1) (To correct) C/CE /- DATA DATA 4. (1) (Mistake) 2 5 +/ (2) (Mistake) DATA 5. (3) ( Mistake) 1 6 +/- DATA 6. (3) (To correct) 1 6 +/- DEL /- DATA 6. (2) (To correct) 4 DEL 5. 5 x DATA 9. x 2 ( x )2 n n

20 (4) (Mistake) 1 4 x 1.4 (4) (To correct) C/CE x 3 DATA x 0.8 (4) (Mistake) 6 DATA 18. (5) (To correct) 8 x 6 DEL x 5 DATA 17. n 17. x Ón SPECIFICATIONS BASIC OPERATIONS 4 basic calculations, constants for + / - / x / / y x / x y / AND / OR / XOR / XNOR / NEG, parenthesis calculations and memory calculations. BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS Trigonometric / inverse trigonometric functions ( with angle in degrees, radians or grads), hyperbolic / inverse hyperbolic functions, common / natural logarithms, exponential functions (common antilogarithms, natural antilogarithms), powers, roots, square roots, cube roots, squares, reciprocals, factorials, conversion of coordinate system (R P, P R), π, fractions, percentages, binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal calculations and logical operations. STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS Sample standard deviation, Population standard deviation, Arithmetical mean, Number of data, Sum of value and Sum of square value. MEMORY 1 independent memory. CAPACITY Entry / basic calculations 10-digit mantissa, or 10-digit mantissa plus 2-digit exponent up to 10 ±

21 Fraction calculations Total of integer, numerator and denominator must be within 10 digits (includes division marks). Scientific functions Input range sin x / cos x / tan x x < 4.5 x degrees (< 25x10 7 π rad, < 5 x grad) sin -1 x / cos -1 x x 1 tan -1 x x < sinhx / coshx x tanhx x < sinh -1 x x < 5 x cosh -1 x 1 x < 5 x tanh -1 x x < 1 logx /Inx x < e x < x x < x < 100 y x y > < x logy < 100 x y { { y 0 x > 0 y < 0 x : integer or 1/2n + 1 ( n : integer) y > 0 x 0 : < 1/x logy < y 0 x > 0 y < 0 x : odd number or 1/n (n : integer) x 0 x < x 2 x < x x < /x x < ( x 0 ) n! 0 x < 69 ( x : integer) REC POL x 2 + y 2 < POL REC θ < 4.5 x 10 degrees (< 25 x 10 7 π rad, < 5 x 10 grad), 0 r DMS DEG x DEG DMS x 10 7 π 10 digits Binary Positive :0 x Negative: x Octal Positive : 0 x Negative: x Decimal Positive : 0 x Negative: x < 0 Hexadecimal Positive : 0 x 2540BE3FF Negative: FDABF41C01 x FFFFFFF FFF

22 Errors are cumulative with such internal continuous calculations as x y, x y, n!, 3 so accuracy may be adversely affected. In tanx, x 90 x (2n + 1), x π / 2rad x (2n + 1), x 100grad x (2n + 1) (n is an integer.) With sinhx and tanhx, errors are cumulative and adversely affected when x 0. READ-OUT Liquid crystal display, suppressing unnecessary 0 s (zeros). POWER SOURCE Power source : solar cell, alkaline manganese battery (LR43). AMBIENT TEMPERATURE RANGE 0 C - 40 C (32 F F) DIMENSIONS 155.5mmH x 76.5mmW x 16mmD NET WEIGHT 102g