Lecture 3. Lecturer: Prof. Sergei Fedotov Calculus and Vectors. Exponential and logarithmic functions
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1 Lecture 3 Lecturer: Prof. Sergei Fedotov Calculus and Vectors Exponential and logarithmic functions Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
2 Lecture 3 1 Inverse functions 2 Exponential and logarithmic functions 3 Sketching the graphs 4 Hyperbolic functions Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
3 Inverse functions The graph of f 1 is obtained by reflecting the graph of f about the line y = x. Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) = x and its inverse. Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
4 Inverse functions The graph of f 1 is obtained by reflecting the graph of f about the line y = x. Example: Sketch the graph of f (x) = x and its inverse. The domain of f 1 is the range of f The range of f 1 is the domain of f Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
5 Exponential functions Definition. An exponential function is a function of the form f (x) = a x, where a is a positive constant. Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
6 Exponential functions Definition. An exponential function is a function of the form f (x) = a x, where a is a positive constant. Law of exponent: for any positive number a and real numbers x and y: a x+y = a x a y. Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
7 Exponential functions Definition. An exponential function is a function of the form f (x) = a x, where a is a positive constant. Law of exponent: for any positive number a and real numbers x and y: a x+y = a x a y. Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
8 Logarithmic functions Definition. The exponential function f (x) = a x is one-to-one function. It has an inverse function f 1 called the logarithmic function with base a. Standard notation is log a. Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
9 Logarithmic functions Definition. The exponential function f (x) = a x is one-to-one function. It has an inverse function f 1 called the logarithmic function with base a. Standard notation is log a. Law of logarithms: for any real numbers x and y: Remember: f 1 (f (x)) = x log a (a x ) = x for x R a log a x = x for x > 0 Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
10 Logarithmic functions Definition. The exponential function f (x) = a x is one-to-one function. It has an inverse function f 1 called the logarithmic function with base a. Standard notation is log a. Law of logarithms: for any real numbers x and y: Remember: f 1 (f (x)) = x log a (a x ) = x for x R a log a x = x for x > 0 Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
11 Sketching the graphs Example 1: Sketch the graph of the function 2 2 x and determine the domain and range Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
12 Sketching the graphs Example 1: Sketch the graph of the function 2 2 x and determine the domain and range Example 1: Sketch the graph of the function ln(3 x) + 1 and determine the domain and range Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
13 Hyperbolic functions Hyperbolic functions are defined by using the exponential functions sinhx = ex e x, cosh x = ex + e x 2 2 tanhx = sinhx cosh x, coth x = coshx sinhx Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
14 Hyperbolic functions Hyperbolic functions are defined by using the exponential functions sinhx = ex e x, cosh x = ex + e x 2 2 tanhx = sinhx cosh x, coth x = coshx sinhx sinh x, tanh x and coth x are all one-to-one functions, so that their domains are not restricted in constracting inverses Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
15 Hyperbolic functions Hyperbolic functions are defined by using the exponential functions sinhx = ex e x, cosh x = ex + e x 2 2 tanhx = sinhx cosh x, coth x = coshx sinhx sinh x, tanh x and coth x are all one-to-one functions, so that their domains are not restricted in constracting inverses Example: Sketch the graph of the function cosh x and determine the domain and range Sergei Fedotov (University of Manchester) MATH / 7
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