Quasi Steady Air Loads Report: CUBOID

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1 Quasi Steady Air Loads Report: CUBOID Sorin Pirau, Alexander Forbes, Brandon Liberi, Vrishank Raghav, Narayanan Komerath Experimental Aerodynamics and Concepts Group Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia USA Contact: February 24, 2015

2 Report Number ADLP February 24,

3 Summary The variation of quasi-steady air loads with attitude on a cuboid model is described. The loads are ensemble-averaged with 1-degree resolution using the Continuous Rotation technique, with a stepper motor rotating at 0.99 RPM above a 6-DOF load cell. The azimuthal variation is reduced to a Fourier series. A truncated series of Fourier coefficients is listed. This is seen to represent the load variations with adequate accuracy for use in dynamic simulation. Cases included those at zero pitch and at 10 degrees pitch. 2

4 Contents 1 Description 4 2 Model Geometry 6 3 Results-Fourier Coefficients m/s (20 Mph), Yaw Rotation m/s (20 Mph), Pitch of -10 degrees, Yaw Rotation m/s (20 Mph), Pitch Rotation m/s (30 Mph), Yaw Rotation m/s (30 Mph), Pitch of -10 degrees, Yaw Rotation m/s (30 Mph), Pitch Rotation

5 Chapter 1 Description The main body of the CONEX is composed of wood, where the sides of the CONEX are connected through 8 1/8 inch screws which are drilled flush against the surface. The CONEX has a metal support in the center which attaches to a thin cylindrical rod of length m (10.5in) and diameter of m (3/8 in). The metal support inside, ensures that the metal rod is flush to the surface of the wood and there are no gaps between the rod and the CONEX to interact with the flow. It is to be noted that the metal rod goes inside the CONEX, and thus only m (8.625in) of the metal rod is exposed to the airflow. The cylindrical rod is used as a mounting strut for the model. A continuous rotation method is used in order to obtain load data about the CONEX for incrimental changes in yaw. The model is rotated at an RPM of 0.99 for 10 revolutions, after which the data obtained is phase averaged and ensemble averaged to a resolution of 1 degree. After the data is averaged, Fast Fourier Transform can be used on the data to estimate the coefficients of a trigonometric polynomial that interpolates each individual set of data, Cx, Cy, Cz, CMx, CMy, CMz. Only the first 20 coefficients are used, thus during simulations, it is more efficient to interpolate/calculate the load values from the Fourier coefficients than by looking up and extracting the required values from a data set. This paper lists the coefficients for these Fourier series representations so that they may be used instead of the actual data points. In order to interpolate the data, a trigonometric polynomial of the form shown in Equation 1.1 was used. y = a 0 + b 0 + a 1 cos(2π(x/360)) + b 1 sin(2π(x/360) + a 2 cos(2π(2x/360)) + b 2 sin(2π(2x/360) a 2 0cos(2π(20x/360)) + b 2 0sin(2π(20x/360) (1.1) The conditions for which the CONEX was tested are listed before each data set and the geometric dimensions of the CONEX are listed in Chapter 2 of this report. The CONEX box was tested for three configurations at two different velocities/reynolds numbers. The first configuration is a 0 degree pitch yaw rotation, where at 0 degrees yaw the LxH (length times height) side is facing the flow (the model is mounted on its LxW side, which is facing downward). The second configuration is a -10 degree pitch yaw rotation, where again the LxH side is facing the flow. For the last configuration, the CONEX was rotated and mounted on its WxH side, where at 0 degrees yaw the LxW side is facing the flow. It is to be noted, that this is esentially a pitch rotation at 0 degree yaw. The dimensions of Length, Width, and Height are given in the Model Geometry section. 4

6 Figure 1.1: CONEX model 5

7 Chapter 2 Model Geometry Table 2.1: Experimental Velocities Tested Experimental Velocities Tested Velocity (mph) Velocity (m/s) Table 2.2: Model Geometry Model Geometry CONEX Length (m) CONEX Width (m) CONEX Height (m) Area Used for Coefficients (m 2 ) Moment Arm Used for Coefficients (m) Frequency (deg/s)

8 Chapter 3 Results-Fourier Coefficients m/s (20 Mph), Yaw Rotation Table 3.1: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.2: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 7

9 Table 3.3: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-06 8

10 9

11 10

12 11

13 m/s (20 Mph), Pitch of -10 degrees, Yaw Rotation Table 3.4: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.5: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 12

14 Table 3.6: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 13

15 14

16 15

17 16

18 m/s (20 Mph), Pitch Rotation Table 3.7: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.8: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 17

19 Table 3.9: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 18

20 19

21 20

22 21

23 m/s (30 Mph), Yaw Rotation Table 3.10: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.11: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 22

24 Table 3.12: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 23

25 24

26 25

27 26

28 m/s (30 Mph), Pitch of -10 degrees, Yaw Rotation Table 3.13: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.14: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 27

29 Table 3.15: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 28

30 29

31 30

32 31

33 m/s (30 Mph), Pitch Rotation Table 3.16: Experimental Conditions Experimental Conditions Tempterature (F) 73.5 Pressure (inhg) Density Calculated (kg/m 3 ) Density Used (kg/m 3 ) Table 3.17: A-Fourier Coefficients A-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 32

34 Table 3.18: B-Fourier Coefficients B-Fourier Coefficients Number CD CY CZ CMX CMY CMZ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 33

35 34

36 35

37 36

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