Helmholtz Institute UC Berkeley Physics. Axion2017 Osaka, Japan

Transcription

1 Helmholtz Institute UC Berkeley Physics JGU Mainz NSD LBNL Axion2017 Osaka, Japan 1

2 A gross misunderstanding of gravity (MOND, ) L? Proca MHD (finite photon mass)? Black holes, dark planets, interstellar gas, WIMPS Ultralight bosonic particles L J Axions (pseudoscalar) J ALPs (pseudoscalar) J Dilatons (scalar) J Vector particles J Tensor particles??? 2

3 Galactic DM density: ~0.4 GeV/cm 3 (10 GeV/cm 3 d.g.) Has to be nonrelativistic: v/c ~ 10-3 (cold DM) Has to be bosonic if m < ~ 20 ev (1 kev dwarf galaxies) Bosonic Oscillator with Q ~ (v/c) -2 ~ 10 6 Cannot be lighter than ~ ev (e.g., BEC?) 3

4 Ø Big clean-up? Strong CP problem Dark Matter Dark Energy Baryon asymmetry of the Universe Hierarchy? 4

5 Axion (ALP) Interactions Gravity + P. Graham S. Rajendran 2017 New Horizons In Physics Prize Gauge Fields Fermions Most Searches (CASPEr-E) (CASPEr-Wind, GNOME, QUAX)

6 CASPEr ADMX 10 2 Hz 10 4 Hz 10 6 Hz 10 8 Hz Hz Hz axion mass (frequency) Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment Proposal: Peter Graham Surjeet Rajendran Alex Sushkov Micah Ledbetter Dmitry Budker (CASPEr) P. Graham & S. Rajendran PRD 88 (2013) arxiv: , D. Budker et al PRX (2014) arxxiv:

7 7 CASPEr Overview Key ideas: Axion (ALP) field oscillates at a frequency equal to its mass (mhz to GHz) è time varying CP-odd nuclear moments: nedm, Schiff, CASPEr-Electric Also: axion wind (like a magnetic field) v ~ 10-3 c (virial velocity) CASPEr-Wind Coherence time: [m a (v/c) 2 ] -1 è Q~10 6

8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Resonance: 8

9 CASPEr SQUID pickup loop axion wind OR Larmor frequency = axion mass resonant enhancement SQUID measures resulting transverse magnetization Example materials: liquid 129 Xe, ferroelectric PbTiO3 9

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11 Alex Wilchewski (JGU Mainz) Prof. A. Sushkov Deniz Aybas

12 Experimental constraints and projected sensitivities of axion dark-matter searches David DeMille, John. Doyle, and Alexander Sushkov. Science 2017;357:

13 Micah Ledbetter 13

14 No need to polarize in spin-noise spectroscopy è small N 14

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16 J-coupling Erwin L. Hahn C. P. Slichter I 1 I 2 r 12 Dipole-dipole interaction H I 2 3 I 4 r cos 4 θ averages by tumbling J-coupling H = JI 2 3 I 4 survives tumbling! second-order hyperfine Hahn, E.L. & Maxwell, D.E. Phys. Rev (1952) Gutowsky, H.S., McCall, D.W., & Slichter, C.P. J. Chem. Phys. 21, (1953)

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18 Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) C. R. Bowers Daniel P. Weitekamp Transformation of symmetrization order to nuclear-spin magnetization by chemical reaction and nuclear magnetic resonance PRL 57 (21): (1986)

19 Odd J Even J 19

20 . 51% 77K 99.9% 4K Spin-Statistics in action! 20

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22 Magnetic shields T. Theis P. Ganssle G. Kervern M. P. Ledbetter D. B. A. Pines 22

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24 Styrene Ethylbenzene 24

25 Natural Abundance 1.1% of 13 C 25

26 Thomas Theis Alex Pines NMR without any magnets!

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28 Antoine Garçon 28

29 Antoine Garçon 29

30 Antoine Garçon 30

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32 Antoine Garçon 32

33 Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic searches Idea and proof-of-concept: Annalen der Physik 525(8-9), (2013); Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013) Network of shielded, GPS-synchronized magnetometers + clocks, interferometers,... Sensitive to topological Dark Matter: domain walls, axion (ALP) stars, arxiv: Multi-messenger astronomy (e.g., look for ALPs from sources of gravitational waves) Sensor-correlation techniques resembling those of LIGO/Virgo Status: Science Run 1 complete, results to be announced; Run 2: Nov/Dec

34 ² Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment CASPEr-E CASPEr-Wind/ZULF/Now Zero- and Ultralow-Field NMR ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization J-coupling ZULF CASPEr-ZULF First physics results! 34

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36 A hypothetical effect of Maxwell-Proca electromagnetic stresses on galaxy rotation curves D.D. Ryutov, Dmitry Budker, and V.V. Flambaum arxiv:

37 Dmitri Ryutov Wins 2017 Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics 37

38 The full picture 38

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40 Key points: Sufficiently strong forces to explain galactic rotation curves without dark matter The effect of mass is indirect, through MHD NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy, is about 55,000 light-years in diameter and approximately 60 million light-years away from Earth 40

41 A = 0 B E = 1 c t A = B NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy, is about 55,000 light-years in diameter and approximately 60 million light-years away from Earth B + A! 2 = 4π c j 41