Soft interactions in Herwig
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1 Soft interactions in Herwig Stefan Gieseke Institut für Theoretische Physik KIT work with Patrick Kirchgaeßer and Frashër Loshaj San Cristóbal de las Casas 28 Nov 2 Dec 206 Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 /2
2 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
3 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
4 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
5 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
6 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
7 pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
8 Underlying event in Herwig++ Semihard UE Default from Herwig [Herwig++, ] Multiple hard interactions, p t p min t. [Bähr, SG, Seymour, JHEP 0807:076] pqcd 2 2. Similar to JIMMY. Good description of harder UE data ( plateau ). Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 3/2
9 Underlying event in Herwig++ Soft UE Default from Herwig [Herwig++, ] Extension to soft interactions p t < p min t. Theoretical work with simplest possible extension. [Bähr, Butterworth, Seymour, JHEP 090:065] Hot Spot model. [Bähr, Butterworth, SG, Seymour, ] Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 3/2
10 Hot Spot model Fix the two parameters µ soft and σ inc soft in χ tot ( b,s) = ( A( 2 b; µ)σhard inc (s;pmin t ) + A( ) b; µ soft )σsoft inc from two constraints. Require simultaneous description of σ tot and b el (measured/well predicted), σ tot (s) =! 2 b el (s) =! d 2 b ( e χ tot( b,s) ), d 2 b b 2 σ tot ( e χ tot( b,s) ). Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 4/2
11 Extending into the soft region Continuation of the differential cross section into the soft region p t < p min t (here: p t integral kept fixed) / (5 GeV) d /dp t (/GeV) pt min =3 GeV, = 0.5 GeV 2 pt min =5 GeV, =0.06 GeV 2 d soft dp t p t e (p 2 t p min,2 t ) p t (GeV) Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 5/2
12 Implementation of soft scattering Soft gluon production with soft p t < p min t spectrum. Colour structure important. Two extreme cases possible. Sensitivity to parameter colourdisrupt = P(disrupt colour lines) Long colour lines appear when swapping outgoing gluons. R R g g3 g g g2 g4 g g R2 R Colour reconnections applied! Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 6/2
13 So far at the LHC Soft model is extension of MPI model for Underlying Event and harder aspects of Min Bias events. Herwig 7.0 at 900 GeV and 7 TeV: [ATLAS, Eur.Phys.J. C7 (20) 636] d 2 p /dηdφ MC/Data Transverse p density vs. p clus, s = 900 GeV Data Hw 7.0 LO PS p (leading particle) [GeV] d 2 p /dηdφ MC/Data Transverse p density vs. p clus, s = 7 TeV Data Hw 7.0 LO PS p (leading particle) [GeV] Still reasonably well for moderately soft particles. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 7/2
14 So far at the LHC Soft model is extension of MPI model for Underlying Event and harder aspects of Min Bias events. Herwig 7.0 at 900 GeV and 7 TeV: [ATLAS, Eur.Phys.J. C7 (20) 636] d 2 N/dηdφ N density vs. φ, p clus > 3.0 GeV, s = 900 GeV Data Hw 7.0 LO PS d 2 N/dηdφ N density vs. φ, p clus > 3.0 GeV, s = 7 TeV Data Hw 7.0 LO PS MC/Data φ (w.r.t. leading particle) [rad] MC/Data φ (w.r.t. leading particle) [rad] Still reasonably well for moderately soft particles. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 7/2
15 The bump A clear case of abusing a model for the hard UE in forward/diffractive final states... Rapidity gap size in η starting from η = ±4.9, pt > 200 MeV [ATLAS, Eur.Phys.J. C72 (202) 926] dσ/d η F [mb] Data Hw 7.0 LO PS MC/Data η F Bump is artefact. No Diffraction. Poor modeling of soft interactions. Colour assignment ad hoc. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 8/2
16 Outline Challenge accepted. Model for diffractive final states. Model for soft particle production. Results. Stefan Gieseke Nov 2 Dec 206 9/2
17 Diffraction as part of minimum bias simulation Diffractive final states directly modeled. Not embedded in MPI approach via cuts through triple pomeron vertices. Therefore change in constraint where xσ tot (s) =! 2 d 2 b ( e χ tot( b,s) ), x σ diff σ tot 20 25%. In min-bias simulation: every event is either diffractive, directly modeled from pp initial state. non-diffractive, modeled in the MPI picture, parton level. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 0/2
18 Diffractive final states Strictly low mass diffraction only. Allow M 2 large nonetheless. M 2 power-like, t exponential (Regge). pp (baryonic cluster) + p. Hadronic content from cluster fission/decay C hh... Cluster may be quite light. If very light, use directly pp + p. Also double diffraction implemented. pp (cluster) + (cluster) pp +. Technically: new MEs for diffractive processes set up. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 /2
19 Model for soft particle production in Herwig Reproduce core properties of soft particle production. flat in rapidity, narrow in p t. Main idea: soft interaction = cut pomeron = particle ladder. N soft from MPI model = #ladders. Clusters produced via colour connected quarks and gluons. Adopt to soft interactions in Herwig via remnant decays. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
20 Multiperipheral kinematics [Baker, Ter-Martirosyan 976] Average relative momentum fraction x. Leads to flat rapidity distribution of emissions in a single ladder. y ln x. q i, z Choose some constant C, then p i+, z = ( x i+ )q i,z x /C. N average number of emitted particles. N = lnc ln s m 2 p or m moderate, unordered. q i+, z = x i+ q i, z p B p N Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 3/2 p A q q 2 q 3 q 4 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p
21 Soft particle production model in Herwig #ladders = N soft. N particles from Poissonian, width N. Model parameter /lnc n ladder tuned. x i smeared around x (calculated). p from Gaussian acc to soft MPI model. particles are q,g, see figure. Symmetrically produced from both remnants. Colour connections between neighboured particles. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 4/2
22 Soft particle production model in Herwig Single soft ladder with MinBias initiating process. P Beam, Remnant Cluster q g P g g g P Beam, 2 q Remnant 2 Further hard/soft MPI scatters possible. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 4/2
23 Parameters and tuning Diffraction plus MPI incl new soft model. Diffractive cross sections adjusted to data. Tuning to Min Bias data: η,p for various N ch, p (N ch ). Usual MPI parameters One additional parameter (p min,0,b) pmin ( s), µ 2, p reco. n ladder. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 5/2
24 Tuned results ATLAS Min Bias 7 TeV. [ATLAS, New.J.Phys. 3 (20) ] /Nev dn ch /dη MC/Data Charged particle η at 7 TeV, track p > 500 MeV, for N ch 6 Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = 0.28 LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = η Similar to previous results, harder part of Min Bias. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 6/2
25 Tuned results ATLAS Min Bias 7 TeV. [ATLAS, New.J.Phys. 3 (20) ] /Nev dn ch /dη Charged particle η at 7 TeV, track p > 500 MeV, for N ch /Nev dn ch /dη Charged particle η at 7 TeV, track p > 00 MeV, for N ch Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = 0.5 LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = MC/Data.2 MC/Data η η Also soft rates well described. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 6/2
26 Tuned results ATLAS Min Bias 7 TeV. [ATLAS, New.J.Phys. 3 (20) ] /Nev /2πp dσ/dηdp MC/Data Charged particle p at 7 TeV, track p > 500 MeV, for N ch 0 Tails? Still within σ. Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = 2.94 LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = p [GeV] /Nev /2πp dσ/dηdp MC/Data Charged particle p at 7 TeV, track p > 00 MeV, for N ch Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = 3.04 LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = p [GeV] Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 6/2
27 More results CMS, NSD analysis 7 TeV [CMS, PRL 05 (200) ] Charged hadron p for η =.9 at s = 7 TeV d 2 N ch /dη dp [(GeV/c) ] 0 Data MB-7, χ 2 /n =.32 H7.0, χ 2 /n = MC/Data p [GeV/c] Lowest bin potential to be tunable. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 7/2
28 The bump plot, η F [CMS, PRD 92 (205) 02003] Rapidity gap size in η starting from η = ±4.7, p T > 200 MeV dσ/d η F [mb] Data newsoftmpi, χ 2 /n = 0.35 LHC-MB, χ 2 /n = MC/Data η F Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 8/2
29 Individual contributions to η F [ATLAS, Eur.Phys.J. C72 (202) 926] Rapidity gap size in η starting from η = ±4.9, p T > 200 MeV dσ/d η F [mb] Data LHC-MinBias LHC-Diffraction MC/Data η F Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 9/2
30 Charged particle multiplicity CMS, NSD analysis 7 TeV [CMS, PRL 05 (200) ] Pn 0 Charged hadron multiplicity, η < 2.4, s = 7 TeV 0 2 Data MB-7, χ 2 /n = 2.50 H7.0, χ 2 /n = MC/Data n Large discrepancies, tail in particular. Low n NSD? Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec /2
31 Charged particle multiplicity CMS, NSD analysis 7 TeV [CMS, PRL 05 (200) ] Pn 0 Charged hadron multiplicity, η < 2.4, s = 7 TeV Data newcr, χ 2 /n = 4 softmpi, χ 2 /n = 2.50 H7.0, χ 2 /n = MC/Data n CR model with Baryons (preliminary teaser). Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec /2
32 Conclusions GIGO... Completely new Min Bias scattering with diffraction and soft particle production. Data well described. N ch distributions tricky outlook colour reconnection. Stefan Gieseke MPI@LHC Nov 2 Dec 206 2/2
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