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1 Intodution ECE 45 Autoted Miowve Mesueents otoy Epeient No. 4 Netwok Anlyze Eo Coetions: The -te, -te, nd -te Eo Adptes Nolly, one kes netwok nlyze esueents y fist going though poess lled lition tht onsists of esuing nue of known lition stndds. Bsed on the esulting dt nd odel of the hteistis of the iowve hdwe in the esueent, lled n eo odel o eo dpte, the netwok nlyze oets susequent esueents to eove the systeti esueents eos. evie esueents e tken s though s n idel netwok nlyze wee onneted though the eo dpte to lotion whee the lition stndds e onneted (test pot). In this epeient, we e going to tke unoeted esueents using the Agilent E858A. We will then develop sevel eo odels nd pefo the eo oetions on these esueents nully using A. Model of Netwok Anlyze In genel, the esued efletion oeffiient of netwok nlyze is not linely elted to test pot efletion oeffiient due to elities in the esueent syste. Thee e eo tes (olletively lled the eo dpte) tht odify the desied esueent,, so tht the tul esueent tht we tke,, is distotion of the desied esueent. The pupose of lition is to eove the effets of these eos. oing so oves the efeene plne of the esueent fo the esueent plne to the test pot. Figue shows this sitution. The tio deteto is inside the netwok nlyze. It is siil to the pptus tht we used in the pevious epeient. tio eteto - Pot Eo Adpte Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue : Mesueent pptus inluding the eo dpte.
2 The use of flow gphs offes uh oe useful wy to depit the eo dpte, s shown in Figue. This figue depits the -te eo dpte fo -pot esueent. / Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue : Flowgph fo -te Eo Adpte. The quntities in eo dpte epesented y uppe se lette e: : efletion Tking [we only esue the podut *(/)] : Mesueent yste ietivity : Mesueent yste oue Mth And will e teed esueent desiptos. Using Mson s ule, we n deteine the esued efletion oeffiient in tes of the test pot efletion oeffiient nd the esueent syste desipto to e: + ( ) + with If, nd wee known desiptos s y e found in tes of nd the esueent syste + ( ) Idelly, fo well designed & onstuted esueent syste ~ nd, <<. In lition poedues, we esue sevel stndds fo whih is known. We use the known vlues nd the oesponding vlues tht we esue fo the to onstut syste of equtions fo whih we n solve fo ll of the unknowns in ou eo dpte. In the poedue elow, we will e onneting long le to the Netwok Anlyze. This le will distot ou esueents signifintly so the effets of ou lition should e espeilly le.
3 Useful-inks. Eo Coetion lides Fundentls of Netwok Anlysis Poedue Equipent used: Agilent E858A Pefone Netwok Anlyze 5-foot N-type Cle N-type hot Teintion N-type Open Teintion N-type Mthed od Teintion N-type tudent Unknown (identifition nue will vy ong diffeent goups) N-type VW.5 tndd N-type VW 5.0 tndd Agilent Advned esign yste 0.05 Blok ig Netwok Anlyze 5-foot le Test Pot with iffeent Teintions Figue : Blok ig fo this epeient. ) og into the netwok nlyze using you netid nd Ative ietoy Psswod. The netwok nlyze softwe will open s soon s the login is oplete. ) Connet the instuent s shown in Figue. Be sue to inlude 5-foot le to etend the test pot. (This ineses the eo oetion diffiulties). ) Clik on the yellow tt Button nd set it to 00 MHz. Clik on geen top Button nd set it to 00 MHz. Now selet Chnnel < Powe nd ente -0 db. Net selet weep < Nue of Points nd selet 80 points. 4) On the left side of the seen, ight lik the o tht sys, go into Fot nd selet ith Cht. This displys eh esued fequeny point on the ith Cht. Eh point is onneted y stight line. 5) To sve dt selet File < ve As. Find dietoy on you pesonl dive, give the file the ppopite ne nd selet Citifile t t (el, Ig) (*.ti) s you ve s Type. The following devies e to e esued nd thei dt is to e sved: (ple file nes e given.). A shot ( sht.ti ). An open ( open.ti ). A 50 oh teintion ( t50.ti ) d. evies Unde Test:
4 i. You student unknown ( dutsl.ti whee is you unknown nue) ii. A.5 VW stndd ( dut5.ti ) iii. A 5.0 VW stndd ( dut50.ti ) 6) Open A, ete new wokspe, nd ipot ll of these dtsets in, giving the the se nes s you sved the in ove (use the se poedue fo Epeient 4). ee the Notes on Using A t the end of the poedue fo soe dvie on deling with ultiple dtsets. 7) Use A to lulte the eo oetion tes tht you hve deived in the theoy questions fo ll fou eo dptes. While eo tes y hve the se ne in diffeent eo dptes, they ust e lulted independently fo eh dpte (fo eple, fo one-te is not equl in vlue to fo thee-te).. fo one-te.. nd fo two-te inluding soue th.. nd fo two-te inluding dietivity. d.,, nd fo thee-te. 8) Clulte fo fo eh of the fou eo dptes fo eh of you thee unknowns. You will e plotting these vlues in the net two steps. 9) Fo you student unknown, otin in db, Phse, nd ith Cht plots s funtion of fequeny fo the following ( totl of plots):. One-te using shot fo oetions ( plots). Two-te inluding soue th using shot nd n open fo oetions ( plots). Two-te inluding dietivity using shot, nd 50 oh teintion fo oetions ( plots) d. Thee-te using shot, n open nd 50 oh teintion fo oetions ( plots) 0) Fo oth VW stndds, otin ith Cht plots only fo the following ( totl of 8 plots):. One-te using shot fo oetions ( plots). Two-te inluding soue th using shot nd n open fo oetions ( plots). Two-te inluding dietivity using shot nd 50 oh teintion fo oetions ( plots). d. Thee-te using shot, n open nd 50 oh teintion o oetions ( plots) With opss, dw the VW.5 ( 0.486) nd VW5.0 ( ) iles on you ith Chts. ) Plot the Mgnitude (Mgnitude, not in db) nd Phse of the thee eo tes, nd tht you lulted fo the thee-te eo odel. Notes on Using A: Use the Eqn oes to define new viles. ine you e loding in so ny dtsets with the se vile ne (), it ight e good ide to define new viles with oe edily undestndle nes fo eh dtset. Below, sht, 4
5 open, nd t50 e dtsets tht hve een loded in. Use the fo: dtset_ne..vile_ne to ess dt fo ptiul dtset. It ight e onvenient to use ultiple pges on you dt disply. You n do so y liking Pge < New Pge. This wy you n ette ognize you plots. ine ou plots e eing pinted in lk nd white, it is often wise to inese the thiknesses of the tes of you plots. You n do this y ight-liking the te nd liking Ite Options. This will open dilog o in whih you n inese the thikness. Often,.0 thikness should ed well on pintout, ut this should e veified fo eh pintout. 5
6 Eo Models nd Thei ignl Flow Gphs One Te Model () () / () Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue 4: Flowgph fo One-Te Model of efletoete. The esueent in tes of the lod the one-te odel is () ) (. () () Using shot fo lition ( ) ( ) o ( ) so tht A ( ) ( ) whee the supesipt A is dded to the lulted euse the ( ) odel fo the efletoete is ppoite (ignoing nd ). The oputed () is n ppoition to s well. Two Te Models ( ) () / ( ) Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue 5: Flowgph fo Two-Te Eo Model Inluding ietivity. 6
7 ( ) () () / () Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue 6: Flowgph fo Two-Te Eo Model Inluding oue Mth. Thee Te Model / Mesueent Plne Test Pot Figue 7: Flowgph fo Thee-Te Eo Model fo efletoety Mesueent. 7
8 TA Theoy nd Conlusion Questions: Theoy:. eive the one-te eo oetion foul.. eive the two-te inluding dietivity eo oetion foul.. eive the two-te inluding soue th eo oetion foul. Note: Fo ll of these deivtions, you identify you stndds {th, shot, open} ut O NOT ssue nything out thei vlues, leve the vlues of thei efletion oeffiients genel vile fo. (Fo eple, th, th, shot, shot, open, open.) 4. eive the thee-te eo oetion foul. Fo this deivtion, you n use the th shot open theoetil vlues fo 0,, to ke the lge ngele. Inlude the ppopite signl flow gphs in you deivtions. Hint: The one-te nd oth two-te eo odels e siplifitions of the theete eo odel. You n use this insight to veify you wok. 5. Whih stndds do you use with eh two-te eo odel? Why? 6. In wht sense n the -te eo odel e et? In wht sense n it not e? 7. Hee e ith hts eh showing known stndds. Whih goup of stndds n e used to lite netwok nlyze?. Theoetilly?. Ptilly? (Whih one of these goups ight tully eist in el life nd e good goup of stndds?) 8. el-life stndds oviously hve fequeny dependene, nd thus nnot e just dots on the ith ht. When is this not pole? When is it pole? Conlusion:. Cope you esults to those of Epeients nd 5. Ae they onsistent with wht you hve peviously seen?. Why e the -te eo oeted gphs oet ove the entie ith ht insted of just ne the stndds?. isuss the liittions of the stndds used in this epeient. Why e they only vlid stndds ove etin fequeny nge? 4. isuss the physil signifine of,, nd, nd ope with the esued vlues. 8
9 9 Theoy nd Conlusion Notes: The efletoete eo dpte y e epesented s thee ople nues in n eo o. The nodes nd epesent the efeene nd test hnnels, espetively, nd e esued using two detetos ignifine of,, nd : esueent syste dietivity : esueent syste soue th : esueent syste efletion In ny pplitions, the eo o odels setion of le o soe kind of onneto/dpte. Theefoe, typil vlues fo these petes e, << nd Notie tht we ould lso odel the eo o using -petes, let,,,, ut the eo oetion eqution, + ontins no, nd this quntity nnot e found using the thee stndds. iilly, we ould only deteine,, of the eo o y esuing the thee stndds. In genel, solving fo the tes in the eo o is nonline, s seen elow. Howeve, hnge of viles yields line syste whih is ptilly ipleented in hdwe: + + Given known stndds (i) i, nd esued vlues (i) i, the unknowns e epessed s +
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