CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATORS SABHA RAJ ARYA

Transcription

1 CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATORS SABHA RAJ ARYA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI NOVEMBER 2013

2 CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATORS by SABHA RAJ ARYA Department of Electrical Engineering Submitted In fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI HAUZ KHAS, NEW DELHI INDIA NOVEMBER 2013

3 CERTIFICATE It is certified that the thesis entitled Control Algorithms and Configurations of Distribution Static Compensators, being submitted by Mr. Sabha Raj Arya for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, is a record of the students own work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted for award of any other degree or diploma. Date: Place: (Prof. Bhim Singh) Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi , INDIA i

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I do express my deepest gratitude and indebtedness to Prof. Bhim Singh for providing me a life-time opportunity to do the Ph.D work under his supervision. Working with him has opened a new horizon of state-of-the-art knowledge on custom power devices. Deep insight of Prof. Singh about the subject, ample research ideas, vast resourcefulness in electrical engineering, versatile exposure in international forum and his strong perception has immensely helped me in carrying out my research. His continuous monitoring, valuable guidance and input have been always a source of inspiration and the driving forces to complete my work. It is a life time experience which I am to cherish always. My heartfelt thanks and deep gratitude to Prof. G. Bhuvaneswari, Prof. Sukumar Mishra and Prof. T. S. Bhatti, the SRC members who have equally given valuable guidance and advice to improve quality of my work. I am overwhelmed with their valuable inputs. I do convey my sincere gratitude and respect to Prof. B. P. Singh, Prof. G. Bhuvaneswari, Prof. Sukumar Mishra and Prof. M. Hanmandlu who have taught me all the relevant course work in IIT Delhi and helped a great deal to enrich my knowledge. I must thank S.V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat India and All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) for providing me an opportunity under quality improvement programme (QIP). I am grateful to the staff members of QIP section, PG section, Central library, Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Delhi for their valuable co-operation. I am grateful to all my colleagues and staff at SVNIT Surat for their co-operation and particularly to Dr. A. Chowdhury (Head of Department), Prof. M.N. Bhusavalwala, Dr. S.N. Sharma, Dr. R. Chudamni and retired Prof. A.R. Jariwala. The whole hearted ii

5 support of Register Shri H.A. Parmar and Director, SVNIT deserves heartfelt thanks. I would also like to warmly acknowledge Prof. P.L. Patel, Head Civil Engineering Department, SVNIT Surat who have encouraged me for Ph.D. work. I am extremely grateful particular to Shri Srichand, Shri Puran Singh, Shri Gurcharan Singh and other staffs of Electrical Engineering s Drive and Simulation Lab., IIT Delhi for providing me immense facilities and assistance to carry out my research work. I would like to earnestly extend my sincere thanks to Dr. V. Rajagopal, Dr. Shailendra Sharma, Dr. Ashish Srivastava, and Dr. Jeevanand S. who have provided me initial start up in my area of research. It is exemplary and I will always cherish their valuable contribution. Sh. Ram Nivas, Ms. Shikha Singh, Ms. Swati Narula, Mr. M. Rajesh, Mr. M. Sandeep, Mr. N. K. Swami Naidu, Mr. Vashist Bist, Mr. Arun Kumar Verma, Mr. Ujjwal K. Kalla, Mr. Chinmay Jain, Mr. Ikhlaq Hussan, Mr. Rajan Kumar for their valuable assistances and co-operation. I am also grateful to those who have directly or indirectly helped me to complete my thesis work. If I get any success today for my research work, the entire credit and honor should go to my wife Kalpana, who was supporting me in various roles. I would like to express my deep concern to my little daughter, Ridhu for his consideration during the long hours of absence from home. My deepest love and indebtedness goes to my parents for their support, encouragement and understanding. I am always indebted to my younger brother and sisters for their kind support and to manage the family during my days of study in Delhi. I am beholden to almighty for their blessing to help me raise my academic level to this stage. I pray for their benediction in my future endeavors. Date: Place: New Delhi Sabha RajArya (2010EEZ8642) iii

6 ABSTRACT At present, use of electronics based equipments is increasing because they are compact, energy efficient and reliability is more compared to other system. But main problem due these are generation of harmonic currents which propagate to other connected feeders and demand more reactive from AC mains and introduced other power quality problems. The power quality problem affects electrical utilities and connected consumer at the end of load. The power quality problems in ac main include demand of high reactive power, harmonics currents, load unbalancing, poor voltage regulation due to loading and neutral currents. In the area filtering technology many solution are available for compensation of these problem. Moreover, shunt connected custom power device as DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is more suitable solution for mitigation of these problems. Performance of DSTATCOM depends upon topology, design of power circuit components and control algorithm used for generation of reference supply currents. The control of DSTATCOM depends mainly on the control algorithm for estimation of fundamental components of load currents which is the major component of reference supply currents. Some of the new control algorithms are developed for controlling of DSTATCOM in cost effective and compact size topologies of DSTATCOM. Developed control algorithms are divided in four categories. These are classical control algorithm, transform based control algorithm, adaptive theory based control algorithm and ANN based control algorithm. In the category of classical control, Implemented control algorithms are Icosineφ control algorithm, CFT (Character Triangle Function) control algorithm, admittance based control algorithm, LPF (Low Pass Filter) based control algorithm, composite observer based control algorithm, correction function approach control algorithm, iv

7 power balanced theory based control algorithm, CSD (Current Synchronous Detection) control algorithm and EPLL (Enhanced Phase Locked Loop) control algorithm. The performance of control algorithm are analyzed in three phase three wire system using three leg VSC (voltage source converter) for reactive power compensation, harmonics eliminations and load balancing. In the category of transform based control algorithms, implemented control algorithms with ac mains are IRPT (Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory), ISCT (Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory), SRF (Synchronous Reference Frame), SRF (Synchronous Reference Frame) with double frequency oscillation cancellation, single phase PQ theory and WLMS (Weighted Least Mean Square). Performance of these control algorithm are analyzed in three phase four wire system using three leg VSC with zig-zag transform for reactive power compensation, harmonics eliminations, neutral current compensation along with load balancing. Based on the proposed classification, third category is adaptive theory based control algorithms. In this category, implemented control algorithm are adaptive sinusoidal tracer control algorithm, anti-hebbain control algorithm, adaptive filter based control algorithm, adjustable step size control algorithm, leaky LMS control algorithm, KIML (Kernel Incremental Metalearning) control algorithm and affine projection control algorithm in three phase three wire system using three leg VSC for reactive power compensation, harmonics eliminations and load balancing. In proposed classification, last category is based on artificial neutral network (ANN) where estimation of fundamental active and reactive power components of load currents are based on training of input signals, used functions, constant parameters and other factors. Implemented control algorithms in this category are BP (Back v

8 Propagation) control algorithm, RBF (Radial Basis Function) control algorithm, adaptive neural network control algorithm LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) control algorithm and neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm. Performance of these control algorithm are analyzed in three phase three wire system using three leg VSC for reactive power compensation, harmonics eliminations and load balancing. Designed DSTATCOM is used in the conditions of abnormal ac mains such as distorted ac mains for power factor correction and zero voltage regulation s of operation. Performance of some of the proposed control algorithms are simulated and tested including these distorted voltage ac mains conditions. In these condition, tested control algorithm are EPLL (Enhanced Phase Locked Loop) control algorithm, and adaptive filter based control algorithm in the classification of classical control and adaptive control respectively. Design and implementation of Multifunction DSTATCOM is also discussed using four leg VSC topology. Performance of this most effective topology is studied using classical control, adaptive control and ANN based control algorithm. One of the proposed control algorithms is implemented from each category. vi

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate Acknowledgements Abstract Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Symbols i ii iv vii xxxiv 1xv 1xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION General State of Art Custom Power Devices Control Algorithms for Shunt Compensators Scope of Work Investigations on Three-Phase Three-Wire DSTATCOM Systems Investigations on Three-Phase Four -Wire DSTATCOM 8 Systems Implementation of Control Algorithms of DSTATCOMs Classical Control Algorithms Transform Based Control Algorithms Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms ANN Based Control Algorithms Outline of the Chapters 11 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW General Literature Review on Power Quality Problems and Solutions Power Quality Standards Literature Review on Configurations of DSTATCOMs Three-Phase Three-Wire DSTATCOM Systems Three-Phase Four -Wire DSTATCOM Systems Literature Review on Control Algorithms of DSTATCOMs Classical Control Algorithms Transform Based Control Algorithms Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms Artificial Neural Network Based Control Algorithms 35 vii

10 2.6 Identified Research Areas Conclusions 41 CHAPTER 3 CLASSIFICATIONS, CONFIGURATIONS AND DESIGN OF DSTATCOMS viii General Operating Principle and Features of DSTATCOMs Classifications of DSTATCOM Topologies Configurations of DSTATCOMs Three-Phase Three-Wire DSTATCOM Systems Three-Phase Four -Wire DSTATCOM Systems Design of DSTATCOM Topologies Design of Three Phase Three Wire DSTATCOM Selection of VSC Selection of DC Bus Capacitor and Voltage Selection of AC interfacing Inductances Design of Ripple Filters Voltage and Current Rating of the IGBTs Design of Three Phase Four Wire zig-zag Connected 49 Transformer Based DSTATCOM Design of zig-zag Connected Transformer Design of Four-Leg DSTATCOM Results and Discussion Conclusions 53 CHAPTER 4 CLASSIFICATION OF CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR DSTATCOM SYSTEMS General Requirement of Control Algorithm in DSTATCOM Basic Principle of Classical Control Algorithms Classification of Control Algorithms Classical Control Algorithms Transform Based Control Algorithms Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms Artificial Neural Network Based Control Algorithms Mathematical Analysis and Formulation of Classical Control 57 Algorithms Icosineφ Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of 60

11 Gating Pulse Generation Character Triangle Function (CTF) Control Algorithm Character of Triangle Function (CTF) Approach Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Admittance Based Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Low Pass Filter (LPF) Based Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm Extraction of Load Fundamental Current From 78 Distorted Load Currents Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Power Balanced Theory based Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Current Synchronous Detection (CSD)Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of 92 ix

12 Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Software Phase Locked Loop (SPLL) Control Algorithm Estimation of Amplitude of Load Current of Estimation of Sin and Cos Components of Load 98 Currents Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL)Control Algorithm Estimation of PCC Voltage Unit Templates Under Nonideal AC Mains Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Basic Principle of Transform Based Control Algorithms Mathematical Analysis and Formulation of Transform Based Control Algorithms Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT) based Control Algorithm Estimation of Three Phase Reference Supply 110 Currents Gating Pulse Generation Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory(ISCT) Control Algorithm Estimation of Gating Pulse Generation Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) Control Algorithm Estimation of Direct And Quadrature Axies Components of Estimation of Three Phase Reference Supply 117 Currents Gating Pulse Generation Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF)-DFOC Control 118 Algorithm Estimation of Direct Axis And Quadrature Axies 119 Components of Three Reference Supply Current x

13 Gating Pulse Generation Single Phase PQ Theory Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating pulse generation Modified Weighted Least Mean Square (MWLMS) Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Basic Principle of Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms Mathematical Analysis and Formulation of Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms Adaptive Sinusoidal Tracer (AST) Control algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Stability Analysis of Adaptive Theory Based Linear Sinusoidal Tracer Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Adaptive Filter Based Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of 147 xi

14 Gating Pulse Generation Leaky LMS Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Kernel Incremental Metalearning (KIML) Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Affine Projection Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Basic Principle of Artificial Neural Network Based Control 165 Algorithms 4.11 Mathematical Analysis and Formulation of Artificial Neural Network 166 Based Control Algorithms Back Propagation (BP) Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Radial Basis Function(RBF) Neural Network Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of 179 xii

15 Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating pulse generation Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Conductance Estimation using Kohenen Learning Control Algorithm Estimation of Active Power Components of Estimation of Reactive Power Components of Gating Pulse Generation Conclusions 197 CHAPTER 5 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DSTATCOM USING CLASSICAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS 5.1 General Modeling of Three Phase Three-Wire DSTATCOM Systems MATLAB Based Modeling of DSTATCOM MATLAB Modeling of Classical Control Algorithms Icosineφ Control Algorithm CTF Control Algorithm Admittance Based Control Algorithm LPF Based Control Algorithm Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm Power Balanced Theory based Control Algorithm Current Synchronous Detection (CSD) Control Algorithm SPLL Control Algorithm Modification of Control Algorithm in Nonideal AC Mains Modeling of Three Phase Three Wire DSTATCOM Configuration 215 in Nonideal AC Mains 5.6 MATLAB Modeling of EPLL Based Control Algorithm Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with Icosineφ Control Algorithm 217 xiii

16 Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with CTF Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Admittance Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with LPF Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with LPF Based Control Algorithm under xiv

17 Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with LPF Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with LPF Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with LPF Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Correction Function Approach Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Power Balanced Theory based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under xv

18 Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with CSD Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with CSD Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with CSD Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with CSD Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with CSD Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with SPLL Based Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SPLL Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SPLL Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SPLL Based Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SPLL Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with EPLL Control Algorithm Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under xvi

19 Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode EPLL Control Algorithm under Simulated performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with EPLL Control Algorithm under 5.8 Conclusions CHAPTER 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSTATCOM WITH CLASSICAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS General System Configuration of Developed Three Phase Three Wire 274 DSTATCOM 6.3 Design and Selection of Various Components of DSTATCOM in Experimental System Design of Voltage Source Converter Design of Voltage Sensors Design of Current Sensors Development of Interfacing Circuit for Pulse Isolation Circuits Design of Interacting AC Inductors Design of Ripple Filter Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP(d-SPACE) System Configuration of Developed Three Phase Three Wire 286 DSTATCOM in Nonideal AC Mains 6.6 Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP(d-SPACE) in 286 Nonideal AC Mains 6.7 Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with Icosineφ Control 287 Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 287 with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 289 with Icosineφ Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with CTF Based Control 291 Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 292 with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 294 xvii 279

20 with CTF Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Admittance Based 297 Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 298 with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 300 with admittance Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with LPF Based Control 304 Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 305 with LPF Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 307 with LPF Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM Mode with Composite 311 Observer Based Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 311 with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 313 with Composite Observer Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Power Balanced Theory 317 based Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 318 with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 320 with Power Balanced Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with CSD Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 325 with CSD Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 327 with CSD Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with EPLL Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 332 xviii

21 with EPLL Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR with EPLL Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR 339 with EPLL Control Algorithm under 6.8 Conclusions 342 CHAPTER 7 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DSTATCOM USING TRANSFORM BASED CONTROL ALGORITHMS 7.1 General Modeling of Three Phase Four Wire Zig-Zag Transformer Based Configuration of DSTATCOM MATLAB Based Modeling of DSTATCOM MATLAB Modeling of Transform Based Control Algorithms IRPT Based Control Algorithm ISCT Based Control Algorithm SRF Control Algorithm SRF-DFOC Control Algorithm Single Phase PQ Theory based Control Algorithm WLMS Control Algorithm Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with IRPT Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 355 with IRPT control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with IRPT Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with IRPT Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with IRPT Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with ISCT Based Control 360 Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 360 xix

22 with ISCT Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with ISCT Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with ISCT Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with ISCT Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with SRF Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 378 xx

23 with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with WLMS Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under 7.5 Conclusions CHAPTER - 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSTATCOM USING TRANSFORM BASED ALGORITHMS General System Configuration of Three Phase Four Wire Zig-Zag 389 Transformer Based DSTATCOM 8.3 Design and Selection of Various Components of DSTATCOM in 390 Experimental System 8.4 Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP (d-space) Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with IRPT Control 392 Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in 393 PFC with IRPT Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with IRPT Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with ISCT Based Control 400 xxi

24 Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with ISCT Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with ISCT Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with SRF theory based Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with SRF-DFOC based Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with SRF-DFOC Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Single Phase PQ Theory Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with WLMS Control Algorithm Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in 430 PFC with WLMS Based Control Algorithm under 8.6 Conclusions 433 xxii

25 CHAPTER 9 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DSTATCOM USING ADAPTIVE THEORY BASED CONTROL ALGORITHMS General Modeling of Three Phase Three Wire DSTATCOM Configuration MATLAB Based Modeling of DSTATCOM MATLAB Modeling of Adaptive Theory Based Control Algorithms AST Control Algorithm Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm KIML Control Algorithm Affine Projection Control Algorithm Modeling of Three Phase Three Wire DSTATCOM Configuration in 444 Nonideal AC Mains 9.5 Modification on Control Algorithm in Nonideal AC Mains MATLAB Modeling of Adative Filter Based Control Algorithms Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with Adaptive Sinusoidal 446 Tracer (AST) Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC 447 with AST Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with AST Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with AST Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with AST Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR 455 xxiii

26 Mode with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Kernel Incremental Metalearning (KIML) Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with KIML Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with KIML Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with KIML Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR 473 xxiv

27 Mode with KIML Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Affine Projection Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Affine Projection Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Affine Projection Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Affine Projection Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Affine Projection Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under 9.8 Conclusions CHAPTER 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSTATCOM WITH ADAPTIVE THEORY BASED CONTROL ALGORITHMS General System Configuration of Developed Three Phase Three Wire 489 DSTATCOM 10.3 Design and Selection of Various Components of DSTATCOM in 490 Experimental System 10.4 Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP(d-SPACE) System Configuration of Developed Three Phase Three Wire 490 DSTATCOM in Nonideal AC mains 10.6 Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP(d-SPACE) 491 xxv

28 10.7 Results and Discussion Experimental performance of DSTATCOM with AST 491 Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with AST Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with AST Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM with Anti- Hebbain Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Anti-Hebbain Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adjustable Step Size Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Linear Loads Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM with KIML Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with KIML Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with KIML Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm xxvi

29 Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in 532 ZVR with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear 10.8 Conclusions 536 CHAPTER 11 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DSTATCOM USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CONTROL ALGORITHMS 11.1 General Modeling of Three Phase Three Wire DSTATCOM Configuration MATLAB Based Model of DSTATCOM MATLAB Modeling of ANN Based Control Algorithms Back Propagation Control Algorithm RBN Control Algorithm Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm Adaptive Neural Network based Control Algorithm Neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with Back Propagation 545 Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Back Propagation Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Back Propagation Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Back Propagation Control Algorithm under xxvii Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR 549

30 Mode with Back Propagation Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with RBFN Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with RBFN Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with RBFN Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with RBFN Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with RBFN Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adaptive Neural Network Control xxviii

31 Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with neural network based conductance estimation control algorithm under 11.5 Conclusions CHAPTER 12 IMPLEMENTATION OF DSTATCOM WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CONTROL ALGORITHMS General System Configuration of Developed Three Phase Three Wire 576 DSTATCOM 12.3 Design and Selection of Various Components of DSTATCOM in 577 Experimental System 12.4 Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in d-space Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with Back Propagation 577 Control Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Back Propagation Control 578 Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Back Propagation Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear xxix 580

32 Performance of DSTATCOM with RBFN Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with RBFN Control Algorithm under Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC RBFN Control Algorithm under Performance of DSTATCOM with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Learning Vector Quantization Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with conductance estimation using Kohenen Learning Control Algorithm Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental performance of DSTATCOM in 606 PFC with Leaky LMS Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear 12.6 Conclusions 610 CHAPTER - 13 MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF FOUR LEG VSC BASED DSTATCOM General System Configuration of Four Leg DSTATCOM MATLAB Based Model of Four Leg DSTATCOM 614 xxx

33 13.4 MATLAB Based Modeling of Control Algorithms of Four Leg VSC Based DSTATCOM EPLL Based Control Algorithm Adaptive Filter Based Control Algorithm Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm Design and Selection of Various Components of DSTATCOM Implementation of Four Leg VSC Based DSTATCOM Design of VSC Design of Voltage Sensors Design of Current Sensors Design of Pulse Isolation Circuit Design of Interacting AC Inductors Design of Ripple Filter Software for Implementation of DSTATCOM in DSP (d-space) Results and Discussion Performance of DSTATCOM with EPLL Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with EPLL Control Algorithm under Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Enhanced Phase Locked Loop Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Enhanced Phase Locked Loop Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control xxxi

34 Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adative Filter Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Performance of DSTATCOM with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Experimental Performance of DSTATCOM in PFC with Adaptive Neural Network Based Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced linear Simulated Performance of DSTATCOM in ZVR Mode with Adaptive Neural Network Control Algorithm under balanced/unbalanced nonlinear xxxii

35 13.9 Conclusions 653 CHAPTER 14 MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK General Main Conclusions Suggestions for Further Work 660 REFERENCES APPENDICES LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BIO DATA 703 xxxiii

36 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1.1 Fig.3.1 Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 Fig. 3.4 Fig.3.5 Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3 Fig. 4.4 Fig. 4.5 Fig. 4.6 Fig. 4.7 Fig. 4.8 Fig. 4.9 Fig. 4.10(a) Fig. 4.10(b) Configurations of Three-Phase DSTATCOMs Equivalent line diagram of VSC based three phase DSTATCOM Performance of DSTATCOM for compensation of nonlinear Schematic diagram of VSC based DSTATCOM in three wire supply system Schematic diagram VSC based DSTATCOM Schematic diagram of four-leg DSTATCOM Classification of Control Algorithms Icosφ based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Character triangle function based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Admittance based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Low pass filter based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Composite observer based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Correction function approach based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Power balanced theory based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Current Synchronous Detection based Control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Software Phase Locked Loop based Control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Estimation of sinθ La and cosθ La component of load current Fig Enhanced Phase Locked Loop based Control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Fig Instantaneous reactive power theory based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Fig Instantaneous symmetrical component theory based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents Fig Fig. 4.15(a) Synchronous reference frame based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents SRF-DFOC based control algorithm for estimation of reference supply currents xxxiv