AIR QUALITY FORECASTING USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR DELHI ANIKENDER KUMAR
|
|
- Alaina Wood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AIR QUALITY FORECASTING USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR DELHI by ANIKENDER KUMAR Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi February 2013
2 Dedicated to My Parents
3 Certificate This is to certify that the thesis entitled Air Quality Forecasting using Mathematical Models for Delhi being submitted by Mr. Anikender Kumar to the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY is a record of the original bonafide research carried out by him. He has worked under my guidance and supervision and has fulfilled the requirements for the submission of thesis. The results presented in this thesis have not been submitted in part or full to any other University or Institute for award of any degree or diploma. New Delhi Professor (Mrs.) Pramila Goyal Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India
4 Acknowledgements This thesis is the result of my full commitment to my research work whereby I have been accompanied and supported by many people. It is a pleasant aspect that I have now the opportunity to express my gratitude for all of them. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Pramila Goyal, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS), IIT Delhi, for her invaluable guidance, suggestions and endless encouragement. She always gave me the freedom to pursue my own interests and provided me with insightful suggestions and support in developing independent thinking and research skills. She has been an exceptional mentor and I appreciate both our professional and personal conversations over the years. The knowledge and wisdom I have gained from her will forever guide me in education and in life. I would like to thank Prof. S. K. Dash, Head, CAS, IIT Delhi, for providing all the essential facilities in the Centre to carry out the work. I am also thankful to Prof. O.P. Sharma, former head, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences for his immense help and encouragement during the course of this work. I am grateful to Prof. M. Sharan for his invaluable suggestions throughout the course of this work. I also wish to extend my deep appreciation to my SRC members; Prof. A. D. Rao, Chairman, SRC, Prof. A. Chandra, Center for Energy Studies. I am thankful to Prof. G. Jayaraman, Prof. M. Mohan, Prof. S.K. Dube, Prof. U.C. Mohanty, Dr. H.C. Upadhyay, Dr. K. Achuta Rao and Dr. S. Dey for their fruitful suggestion, whole hearted support and encouragement. I sincerely acknowledge to IITD and MHRD for providing me financial support in the form of scholarship during my research. I would like to thank and acknowledge National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), USA for providing the model and reanalysis data sets. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Board (DPCC) are also acknowledged for providing the air pollutants concentration data. India Meteorological Department (IMD) is highly appreciated and acknowledged for providing the meteorological data sets.
5 I thank the whole CAS staff especially Mr. Data Ram, Mr. Kedar Nath, Mr. K.K. Sharma, Mrs. Kusum Sehrawat, Mr. L. S. Negi, Mr. Prashant, Mrs. Saroj Bala Gupta, Mr. S.S. Negi and Mr. V. K. Kaushik for their help and support. In my daily work, I have been blessed with a friendly and cheerful group of fellow students. I convey special thanks to my friends Dr. Mukesh, Dr. Pramod, Dr. Sarvesh and Dr. Sunil with whom I shared my joy and sorrows. Their warm company, unwavering support in my ups and downs, and helpful suggestions offered at various stages of my Ph.D. work, made my stay at IIT pleasant and memorable. At this happy moment, I fondly remember all my seniors, colleagues and friends especially, Dr Neeru, Dr Palash, Dr Sankalp, Dr Senthil, Dr Subrat, Dr Sujata, Dr Sushil, Dr Swagata, Dipak, Liby, Kanhu, Rani, Srinivas and Suraj for their support and nice company. I wish to express thanks to my recent friends Abhishek, Amit, Aniket, Arjya, Dhirendra, Gavendra, Himansu, Kamlesh, Mohit, Piyush, Pushp Raj, Ragi, Rajeev, Ram, Rati, Saurabh, Sathiya, Surendra, Sushant, Tarkeshwar, Vijay and many others at IIT Delhi who made my stay a memorable one. I especially thank my friends at hostel, and particularly Amit, Arun, Avnish, Gyanendra, Inam, Rohit, Sachin, Updesh for standing by me in good and bad times. I am indebted to my IIT Roorkee friends especially Amioy, Amit, Anurag, Ashwani, Jitendra, Manoj, Mohit, Nilesh, N. Srinivash, Pankaj, Ramesh and Shailendra for providing a stimulating and fun environment in which to learn and grow. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis. Words cannot completely express my love and gratitude to my family who have supported and encouraged me through this journey. I would like to thank my parents, brother, sister, sister-inlaw and brother-in-law for their life-long support, everlasting love, and sacrifices, which sustained my interest in research and motivated me towards the successful completion of this study. Finally, I thank the almighty God for the passion, strength, perseverance and the resources to complete this study. New Delhi Anikender Kumar
6 Abstract Air quality forecasting is a topic of great interest in air quality research due to direct association with health effects. Air quality forecasts provide pre-information to the general public about the status of air environment on which they can take precautionary steps to take their health. A short term forecast of air quality is required to take preventive and evasive action during episodes of airborne pollution. Delhi, the capital of India, is considered in one of the most polluted cities in India. The air quality of Delhi includes major air pollutants namely Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x ), Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Particles smaller than 2.5 micrometer (PM 2.5 ), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Ozone (O 3 ) etc. The primary objective of the thesis is to develop and evaluate the statistical and analytical models for forecasting the air quality. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter, an introductory chapter, comprises of the fundamental knowledge of air quality forecasting, air quality modelling etc. A brief description of the mathematical models and a literature review of various statistical and dispersion models studies have been included in this chapter. The daily forecasting of air quality index (AQI), indicator of the status of the regional air quality is made through three regression techniques namely Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) (Model 1), Principal Component Regression (PCR) (Model 2) and combination of PCR model with Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) (PCR-ARIMA) (Model 3) through out the year on seasonal basis in chapter 2. The previous day s AQI and meteorological variables are used as the predictor variables. The application of PCA with regression model aims to reduce the collinearity in the datasets, which leads to the worst predictions/forecast and also determine the relevant independent variables for the prediction of air quality. The idea of combining two
7 models is to use each model s unique features to capture different patterns or features in the data set. In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to improve the forecast of PCR model by combining it with time series forecasting model i.e., ARIMA model. The coefficients involved in each of these models are estimated using the data of the years The performance of the model has been evaluated for different seasons of the year 2006 through statistical measures. The models, discussed above, use a known relationship between the AQI and meteorological variables, which is often not known a priori. Therefore, an approach based on Neural Network (NN) with back propagation learning algorithm has been used in the present chapter 3 for forecasting the AQI of air pollutants. Although, NN has certain limitations, which have been circumvented by introducing the PCA to NN. It is always noticeable that forecast from two different models is more accurate than individual model s forecast. A three layered feed forward fully connected PCA-NN with ARIMA is used to forecast daily AQI in all four seasons using the same data of the years The model performance has been evaluated with observed data set of the year The above discussion reflects that the chapters 2 and 3 are based on statistical techniques, which need the past observed time series data of many years, which is always not available and statistical techniques also don t include dispersion characteristics of the atmosphere. In order to overcome these limitations, the deterministic models can be used as an alternative to predict the concentration of pollutant in different meteorological conditions. In chapter 4, the analytical solution of advection-diffusion equation using Neumann (total reflection) boundary condition for a bounded domain and wind speed as a power law profile of vertical height above the ground is derived for point, line and area sources. The downwind and vertical eddy diffusivities are considered as an explicit function of downwind distance and vertical height. The source strength
8 or emission rate of air pollutants is one the important parameter of dispersion models. Therefore, emission s estimation of criteria pollutants namely CO, NOx and RSPM from various anthropogenic sources namely domestic, industries, power plants and vehicular, in the study area of Delhi for the year have been made in the present chapter. Analytical models require steady and horizontally homogeneous hourly surface and upper air meteorological observations, which are not easily available for most locations in India. Therefore, the planetary boundary layer and surface layer parameters are computed through Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model (version 3.1.1), developed by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The performance of the present analytical model is evaluated using observed concentrations of RSPM for the months of December, 2008 (representative of winter) and May, 2009 (representative of summer). The observed data of RSPM is obtained from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at different locations in Delhi. In the previous chapters, air quality has been forecasted/predicted by statistical and analytical dispersion models. Although, dispersion models are calibrated in order to predict the concentrations in certain specific conditions. Since, the analytical dispersion models are based on idealized conditions, their performance becomes limited in real-time situations. To overcome this limitation, neural network model is coupled with the dispersion model in order to improve the air quality forecast and better reproduction of the real situation in chapter 5. The hourly concentration of PM 2.5 and RSPM pollutants from dispersion models and meteorological variables are used as input parameters to the neural network. This last chapter yields the final conclusions drawn from the study undertaken in the thesis. In addition, the limitations of the study and an outline for future work are included in this chapter.
9 A unique feature of this study is that the performances of all the proposed statistical and analytical models have evaluated through real observations, which have been analyzed quantitatively through statistical measures and qualitatively by, scatter diagrams.
10 Contents Certificate Acknowledgements Abstract Contents (i) List of Figures..(v) List of Tables (x) Chapter 1 General Introduction Introduction Air Quality Modelling Gaussian Models Eulerian Models Lagrangian Models Statistical Models Air Quality Forecast Health Alerts Supplementing Existing Emission Control Programs Operational Planning Emergency Response Literature Review on Air Quality Forecasting Air Quality Forecasting Techniques Climatology...18
11 1.5.2 Statistical Techniques Three Dimensional (3-D) Air Quality Models Organization of the Thesis.26 Chapter 2 Air Quality Forecasting using Regression Technique Introduction Description of Meteorological and Air Quality Data Methodology Model 1: MLR Model Model 2: PCR Model Model 3: ARIMA-PCR Model Results and Discussion Conclusions 71 Chapter 3 Air Quality Forecasting using Neural Network Based on Principal Component Analysis Introduction Methodology Model s Characteristics Results and Discussion Air Quality Forecasting through Neural Network Model Air Quality Forecasting through PCA-Neural Network Model Air Quality Forecasting through PCA-Neural Network-ARIMA Model Conclusions..100 ii
12 Chapter 4 Development of Analytical Model for Dispersion of Air Pollutants Introduction Study Area of Delhi Air Quality Modelling System Analytical Dispersion Model Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants WRF Model Configuration and Initialization Results and Discussion Estimated Emission Rate in Study Area Validation of WRF Model Model Simulations of RSPM Validation of the Model Conclusions..154 Chapter 5 Coupling of Air Dispersion Model and Neural Network for Air Quality Forecasting Introduction Methodology Analytical Air Dispersion Model Input Data of Emission and Meteorological Variables PCA-Neural Network Model Integrated Modelling Approach Results and Discussion Conclusions..180 iii
13 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives Conclusions Limitations and Future Perspectives 186 References Appendix.211 Bio-Data..214 iv
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LOW WIND CONDITIONS
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LOW WIND CONDITIONS by ANIL KUMAR YADAV Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF
More informationMESOSCALE DATA ASSIMILATION FOR SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTH-WEST MONSOON
MESOSCALE DATA ASSIMILATION FOR SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTH-WEST MONSOON ASHISH ROUTRAY CENTRE FOR ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI HAUZ KHAS, NEW
More informationCERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CIRCULATION IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CIRCULATION IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA by INDU JAIN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
More informationSTUDIES ON PHOTONIC BANDGAP BRAGG FIBERS AND WAVEGUIDES
STUDIES ON PHOTONIC BANDGAP BRAGG FIBERS AND WAVEGUIDES by SONALI DASGUPTA Department of Physics Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the INDIAN INSTITUTE
More informationDIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS IN SPECKLE METROLOGY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS IN SPECKLE METROLOGY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT By A. J. PRAMILA DANIEL Instrument Design Development Centre THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE
More informationAN ELECTRO-THERMAL APPROACH TO ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY RAJESH GUPTA
AN ELECTRO-THERMAL APPROACH TO ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY by RAJESH GUPTA Centre for Applied Research in Electronics Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN
More informationFATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF OFFSHORE STEEL JACKET PLATFORMS
FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF OFFSHORE STEEL JACKET PLATFORMS by ASHOK GUPTA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Civil
More informationPARTICLE SIZE EFFECT FROM MICRO TO NANO ON THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, 2013 PARTICLE SIZE EFFECT FROM MICRO TO NANO ON THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES by: M.HOSSEIN ALAEI Department of Applied
More informationDUST EXPLOSION MODELING USING MECHANISTIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES
DUST EXPLOSION MODELING USING MECHANISTIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES VIMLESH KUMAR BIND DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
More informationDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY
STUDIES ON NEW REAGENTS FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ANIONS, METAL IONS AND DRUGS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
More informationto the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
by SANDEEP KUMAR Department of Applied Mechanics Submitted in fulfilment of the tequirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI MARCH 1997 jneyah sa nit
More informationINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY PNEUMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by S. BHARATH DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
More informationCONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN RECEPTIONISTS AND GUESTS AT KUNJA VILLAS
CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN RECEPTIONISTS AND GUESTS AT KUNJA VILLAS BY: NI PUTU ELISTIAWATI 1201305007 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ARTS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 2016
More informationVIBRATORY STRESS ANALYSIS AND FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF TURBINE BLADE
VIBRATORY STRESS ANALYSIS AND FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF TURBINE BLADE By NALINAKSH S. VYAS A Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirments of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Z a xi UTE OR r o
More informationA Hybrid ARIMA and Neural Network Model to Forecast Particulate. Matter Concentration in Changsha, China
A Hybrid ARIMA and Neural Network Model to Forecast Particulate Matter Concentration in Changsha, China Guangxing He 1, Qihong Deng 2* 1 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University,
More informationMultiparticle Entanglement and Interference in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Multiparticle Entanglement and Interference in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics A THESIS SUBMITTED TO GUJARAT UNIVERSITY for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics BY Pradyumna Kumar Pathak Quantum
More informationAnalysis of 3, 6, 12, and 24 Hour Precipitation Frequencies Over the Southern United States
Analysis of 3, 6, 12, and 24 Hour Precipitation Frequencies Over the Southern United States Final Report University: University Contact: NWS Office: NWS Contact: Florida State University Henry E. Fuelberg
More informationEstimating the radiation environment in the Great Barrier Reef
Estimating the radiation environment in the Great Barrier Reef by Itsara Masiri M.Sc. (Physics) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania
More informationEstimation for state space models: quasi-likelihood and asymptotic quasi-likelihood approaches
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2008 Estimation for state space models: quasi-likelihood and asymptotic
More informationMODAL EXPANSION THEORIES FOR SINGLY - PERIODIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
MODAL EXPANSION THEORIES FOR SINGLY - PERIODIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS by.r. Andrewartha, B.Sc.(Hons.), University of Tasmania A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor
More informationTara Chandra Kandpal. Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology,Delhi for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
GEOMETRICAL DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF LINEAR SOLAR CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS by Tara Chandra Kandpal Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology,Delhi for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR
More informationA Research Project Under. GERMI Summer Internship Programme (2014) Mr. Punit Malik, M.Sc. Applied Geophysics Student ID Number: GERMI/S-2014/82
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE INVERSION STUDIES FOR DELINEATION OF THIN SANDS, CHANNELS AND IDENTIFICATION OF LOW IMPEDANCE AREAS FOR THE DELINEATION OF HYDROCARBON PROSPECTIVE ZONES. A Research Project Under GERMI
More informationShort term PM 10 forecasting: a survey of possible input variables
Short term PM 10 forecasting: a survey of possible input variables J. Hooyberghs 1, C. Mensink 1, G. Dumont 2, F. Fierens 2 & O. Brasseur 3 1 Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Belgium
More informationAREP GAW. AQ Forecasting
AQ Forecasting What Are We Forecasting Averaging Time (3 of 3) PM10 Daily Maximum Values, 2001 Santiago, Chile (MACAM stations) 300 Level 2 Pre-Emergency Level 1 Alert 200 Air Quality Standard 150 100
More informationThe Dynamics of Potassium in some. Australian soils
The Dynamics of Potassium in some Australian soils Serhiy Marchuk In fulfilment of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Soil Science Group School of Agriculture, Food and Wine The University of Adelaide
More informationA STUDY ON THE INTERACTION OF EXHAUST SMOKE WITH THE SUPERSTRUCTURE AND GAS TURBINE INTAKES OF NAVAL SHIPS. R.Vijayakumar. NO ~~rlt FO F TEGH
A STUDY ON THE INTERACTION OF EXHAUST SMOKE WITH THE SUPERSTRUCTURE AND GAS TURBINE INTAKES OF NAVAL SHIPS. by R.Vijayakumar NO ~~rlt FO F TEGH DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MECHANICS INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
More informationGEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF DELHI METRO TUNNELS
GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF DELHI METRO TUNNELS By HOSH RAM YADAV Department of Civil Engineering submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR COASTAL AQUACULTURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR COASTAL AQUACULTURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Case Study: Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan I KETUT SUTARGA
More informationA HYBRID MODEL OF SARIMA AND ANFIS FOR MACAU AIR POLLUTION INDEX FORECASTING. Eason, Lei Kin Seng (M-A ) Supervisor: Dr.
A HYBRID MODEL OF SARIMA AND ANFIS FOR MACAU AIR POLLUTION INDEX FORECASTING THESIS DISSERATION By Eason, Lei Kin Seng (M-A7-6560-7) Supervisor: Dr. Wan Feng In Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree
More informationStudent Nowcasting and Observations of Winter Weather with the DOW at University of North Dakota Education in Research (SNOWD-UNDER)
Student Nowcasting and Observations of Winter Weather with the DOW at University of North Dakota Education in Research (SNOWD-UNDER) Matthew S. Gilmore Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences University of North
More informationThesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Soma Venugopal Rao
Studies of Excited State Dynamics, Third Order Optical Nonlinearity and Nonlinear Absorption in C 60, Porphyrins, and Phthalocyanines Using Incoherent Laser Spectroscopy Thesis submitted for the degree
More informationA THESIS. Submitted by MAHALINGA V. MANDI. for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
LINEAR COMPLEXITY AND CROSS CORRELATION PROPERTIES OF RANDOM BINARY SEQUENCES DERIVED FROM DISCRETE CHAOTIC SEQUENCES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION A THESIS Submitted by MAHALINGA
More information-fo 一喝INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLOW OF MULTISIZED HETEROGENEOUS SLURRIES IN STRAIGHT PIPE AND PIPE BENDS
-fo 一喝INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLOW OF MULTISIZED HETEROGENEOUS SLURRIES IN STRAIGHT PIPE AND PIPE BENDS by MUKHTAR AHMAD Department of Applied Mechanics Thesis submitted n fu/fi 加 ent of the requirements
More informationRemoval of Methylene Blue, Methyl Violet, Acid Blue and Acid Violet Dyes using Blue-Green Algae by Adsorption Technique
Removal of Methylene Blue, Methyl Violet, Acid Blue and Acid Violet Dyes using Blue-Green Algae by Adsorption Technique By J. Krishnaveni Supervisor Dr. N. Renugadevi Thesis Submitted to Avinashilingam
More informationLong term weather trends in Phaltan, Maharashtra. French intern at NARI, student from Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully 69130, France.
Long term weather trends in Phaltan, Maharashtra A. Jacob and Anil K. Rajvanshi French intern at NARI, student from Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully 693, France. Director NARI, Nimbkar Agricultural Research
More informationLENSE-THIRRING PRECESSION IN STRONG GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS
LENSE-THIRRING PRECESSION IN STRONG GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS By CHANDRACHUR CHAKRABORTY (PHYS05201004002) Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata India A thesis submitted to the Board of Studies in Physical
More informationPELL S EQUATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA, ODISHA
PELL S EQUATION A Project Report Submitted by PANKAJ KUMAR SHARMA In partial fulfillment of the requirements For award of the degree Of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS UNDER GUIDANCE OF Prof GKPANDA DEPARTMENT
More informationGROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SULPHATE CRYSTALS
GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SULPHATE CRYSTALS Thesis Submitted to Bharathiar University in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ELECTRONICS
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MODELLING OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE ELEMENTS: INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL AND SPATIAL INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MODELLING OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE ELEMENTS: INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL AND SPATIAL INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE FARIZA BINTI YUNUS Thesis submitted in fulfilment o
More informationKnow and Respond AQ Alert Service. Paul Willis SCOTTISH AIR QUALITY DATABASE AND WEBSITE ANNUAL SEMINAR Stirling 30 th March 2011
Know and Respond AQ Alert Service Paul Willis SCOTTISH AIR QUALITY DATABASE AND WEBSITE ANNUAL SEMINAR Stirling 30 th March 2011 Outline: Know and Respond AQ Alert Service Introduction. The Website. How
More informationPROJECT AIRLINE S RESERVATION. CBSE (Board)
For Word/docx format Please contact on 9810727824, 9810728824 PROJECT AIRLINE S RESERVATION For the partial fulfillment of CBSE (Board) - 2014 Made By: Sagar Class: XII Science Roll No: INDEX 1.CERTIFICATE
More informationPrediction of Particulate Matter Concentrations Using Artificial Neural Network
Resources and Environment 2012, 2(2): 30-36 DOI: 10.5923/j.re.20120202.05 Prediction of Particulate Matter Concentrations Using Artificial Neural Network Surendra Roy National Institute of Rock Mechanics,
More informationEffect of 3D Stress States at Crack Front on Deformation, Fracture and Fatigue Phenomena
Effect of 3D Stress States at Crack Front on Deformation, Fracture and Fatigue Phenomena By Zhuang He B. Eng., M. Eng. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the School of Mechanical
More informationSTUDIES IN CHARACTERISATION AND DYEING BEHAVIOUR OF SOME COMPONENTS OF INDIAN MADDER (Rubia cordifolia) ON NYLON AND POLYESTER
STUDIES IN CHARACTERISATION AND DYEING BEHAVIOUR OF SOME COMPONENTS OF INDIAN MADDER (Rubia cordifolia) ON NYLON AND POLYESTER by SHIPRA KUMARI DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY Submitted in fidfillment
More informationISPRS Archives XXXVIII-8/W3 Workshop Proceedings: Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER GUJARAT, INDIA
CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER GUJARAT, INDIA Kamaljit Ray, Manorama Mohanty and J.R. Chincholikar Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological Department, Ahmedabad 380 012, India KEYWORDS: Climate Variability,
More informationButje Alfonsius Louk Fanggi
AXIAL COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE-SKIN TUBULAR COLUMNS Butje Alfonsius Louk Fanggi BEng and MEng (Structural Engineering) Thesis submitted to The University of Adelaide School of
More informationOverview of U.S. Forecasting/Outreach Methods
Overview of U.S. Forecasting/Outreach Methods John E. White, US EPA white.johne@epa.gov NCAR/ASP 2016 Summer Colloquium on Air Quality Outline Air Quality Forecasting in the U.S. How it is done Challenges
More informationCentral Ohio Air Quality End of Season Report. 111 Liberty Street, Suite 100 Columbus, OH Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission
217 218 Central Ohio Air Quality End of Season Report 111 Liberty Street, Suite 1 9189-2834 1 Highest AQI Days 122 Nov. 217 Oct. 218 July 13 Columbus- Maple Canyon Dr. 11 July 14 London 11 May 25 New Albany
More informationEVALUATION OF RADIATION DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X-RAY UNITS. Risimati Dazmen Mavunda
EVALUATION OF RADIATION DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X-RAY UNITS Risimati Dazmen Mavunda Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in fulfillment
More informationMir Md. Maruf Morshed
Investigation of External Acoustic Loadings on a Launch Vehicle Fairing During Lift-off Supervisors: Professor Colin H. Hansen Associate Professor Anthony C. Zander School of Mechanical Engineering South
More informationAir Quality Modelling under a Future Climate
Air Quality Modelling under a Future Climate Rachel McInnes Met Office Hadley Centre Quantifying the impact of air pollution on health - Fri 12th Sep 2014 Crown copyright Met Office Rachel.McInnes@metoffice.gov.uk
More informationCALIOPE EU: Air Quality
CALIOPE EU: Air Quality CALIOPE EU air quality forecast application User Guide caliope@bsc.es Version 30/09/2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Description... 1 2. Installation... 1 3. User Guide... 2 3.1 Air quality
More informationDetermination of aerosol optical depth using a Micro Total Ozone Spectrometer II. (MICROTOPS II) sun-photometer
Determination of aerosol optical depth using a Micro Total Ozone Spectrometer II (MICROTOPS II) sun-photometer Agossa Segla, Antonio Aguirre, and VivianaVladutescu Office of Educational Program (FAST Program)
More informationSTUDY OF BOUNDARY LAYER PARAMETERS ON A FLAT PLATE USING WIND TUNNEL
. STUDY OF BOUNDARY LAYER PARAMETERS ON A FLAT PLATE USING WIND TUNNEL A REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Civil Engineering By GYANARANJAN
More informationREGIONAL AIR QUALITY FORECASTING OVER GREECE WITHIN PROMOTE
REGIONAL AIR QUALITY FORECASTING OVER GREECE WITHIN PROMOTE Poupkou A. (1), D. Melas (1), I. Kioutsioukis (2), I. Lisaridis (1), P. Symeonidis (1), D. Balis (1), S. Karathanasis (3) and S. Kazadzis (1)
More informationBalancing And Lucas-balancing Numbers With Real Indices
Balancing And Lucas-balancing Numbers With Real Indices A thesis submitted by SEPHALI TANTY Roll No. 413MA2076 for the partial fulfilment for the award of the degree Master Of Science Under the supervision
More informationEvidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM S K Dash Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Based on a paper entitled Projected Seasonal
More informationFREE VIBRATIONS OF FRAMED STRUCTURES WITH INCLINED MEMBERS
FREE VIBRATIONS OF FRAMED STRUCTURES WITH INCLINED MEMBERS A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering By JYOTI PRAKASH SAMAL
More informationApplication of a Helmholtz resonator excited by grazing flow for manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer
Application of a Helmholtz resonator excited by grazing flow for manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer Farzin Ghanadi School of Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide South Australia, 5005
More informationLESOTHO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS CONCEPTIONS OF EARTHQUAKES
LESOTHO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS CONCEPTIONS OF EARTHQUAKES MALITŠOANELO NTHATI THAMAE Degree of Master of Science by coursework and research: A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University
More informationA Novel Method for Predicting the Power Output of Distributed Renewable Energy Resources
A Novel Method for Predicting the Power Output of Distributed Renewable Energy Resources Athanasios Aris Panagopoulos1 Supervisor: Georgios Chalkiadakis1 Technical University of Crete, Greece A thesis
More informationUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING EUCALYPTUS CORYMBIA LEAVES EXTRACT; CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATION
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING EUCALYPTUS CORYMBIA LEAVES EXTRACT; CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATION JOSHUA SILA MUNYAO I56/68845/2011. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
More information1 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodi Road, New Delhi India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi
Trends in Extreme Temperature Events over India during 1969-12 A. K. JASWAL, AJIT TYAGI 1 and S. C. BHAN 2 India Meteorological Department, Shivajinagar, Pune - 4105 1 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Lodi
More informationASSESSING AND EVALUATING RECREATION RESOURCE IMPACTS: SPATIAL ANALYTICAL APPROACHES. Yu-Fai Leung
ASSESSING AND EVALUATING RECREATION RESOURCE IMPACTS: SPATIAL ANALYTICAL APPROACHES by Yu-Fai Leung Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial
More informationCannibalism in Barramundi Lates calcarifer: Understanding Functional Mechanisms and Implication to Aquaculture
Cannibalism in Barramundi Lates calcarifer: Understanding Functional Mechanisms and Implication to Aquaculture Flavio Furtado Ribeiro, BSc. MSc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
More informationGOLD Science Fair. UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
GOLD Science Fair UC Berkeley College of Chemistry REMOTE COACHING, June-January THE DIFFERENCE OUR PROGRAM The College of Chemistry s Guiding Outstanding Learners to Discover (GOLD) programs are designed
More informationHigh initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044119, 2010 High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming Yuhji Kuroda 1 Received 27 May
More informationAn Introduction to PhD Study
An Introduction to PhD Study Andrew Liddle September 2012 Microsoft-free presentation A little bit about me I completed my own PhD in 1989. I ve been professor here at Sussex since 2000. My own research
More informationOver the course of this unit, you have learned about different
70 People and Weather TA L K I N G I T O V E R Over the course of this unit, you have learned about different aspects of earth s weather and atmosphere. Atmospheric scientists, climatologists, hydrologists,
More informationAQUIFER GEOMETRY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN MOUNT ELGON AQUIFER, TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA.
AQUIFER GEOMETRY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN MOUNT ELGON AQUIFER, TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA. OGUT JULIUS ODIDA I56/79737/2012 A dissertation submitted to the Department of Geology
More informationFree surface flows over submerged obstructions
Free surface flows over submerged obstructions A thesis submitted to the School of Computing Sciences of the University of East Anglia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor
More informationAn assessment of time changes of the health risk of PM10 based on GRIMM analyzer data and respiratory deposition model
J. Keder / Landbauforschung Völkenrode Special Issue 38 57 An assessment of time changes of the health risk of PM based on GRIMM analyzer data and respiratory deposition model J. Keder Abstract PM particles
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES METHYL CELLULOSE BASED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES METHYL CELLULOSE BASED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL MAS FIZA BINTI MUSTAFA Thesis submitted in fulfillment
More informationAppendix A. Linear Relationships in the Real World Unit
Appendix A The Earth is like a giant greenhouse. The sun s energy passes through the atmosphere and heats up the land. Some of the heat escapes back into space while some of it is reflected back towards
More informationNOAA-EPA s s U.S. National Air Quality Forecast Capability
NOAA-EPA s s U.S. National Air Quality Forecast Capability May 10, 2006 Paula M. Davidson 1, Nelson Seaman 1, Jeff McQueen 1, Rohit Mathur 1,2, Chet Wayland 2 1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
More informationExcel Geomatics: Offering Excellence with Unique Consultancy & Services
Excel Geomatics: Offering Excellence with Unique Consultancy & Services Providing consultancy and value Added Services using Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and LiDAR in areas such as Agriculture, Forestry,
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA. CHEMICAL STUDIES OF 3-PYRROLIN-2-ONE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF y-lactam y-lactone
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA CHEMICAL STUDIES OF 3-PYRROLIN-2-ONE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF y-lactam y-lactone AIMI SUHAILY BINTI SAAIDIN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) BASED MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING (MCDM) FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION: A CASE STUDY OF AMPANG JAYA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AINON NISA OTHMAN
More informationMPCA Forecasting Summary 2010
MPCA Forecasting Summary 2010 Jessica Johnson, Patrick Zahn, Natalie Shell Sonoma Technology, Inc. Petaluma, CA Presented to Minnesota Pollution Control Agency St. Paul, MN June 3, 2010 aq-ppt2-01 907021-3880
More informationENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
POLITENESS MAXIMS FOUND BETWEEN CHARACTERS IN PAPER TOWNS MOVIE PUTU ISMAYA SYAFITRI 1218351023 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 2016 i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of
More informationPREDICTING SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF ROADS: Utilizing a Decaying Average in Forecasting
PREDICTING SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF ROADS: Utilizing a Decaying Average in Forecasting Student Authors Mentor Peter Boyd is a senior studying applied statistics, actuarial science, and mathematics, and
More informationStatistical Downscaling of Air Dispersion Model Using Neural Network for Delhi
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 16: 1879 189, 016 Copyright Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 071-1409 online doi: 10.409/aaqr.015.06.0384 Statistical Downscaling of Air
More informationAN APPROPRIATE LOT SIZING TECHNIQUE FOR INVENTORY POLICY PROBLEM WITH DECREASING DEMAND
AN APPROPRIATE LOT SIZING TECHNIQUE FOR INVENTORY POLICY PROBLEM WITH DECREASING DEMAND A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Bachelor Degree of Engineering in Industrial
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR FROM FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND ALLAMANDA)
DEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR FROM FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND ALLAMANDA) By OLA YIWOLA JACOB (2006/24200EH) DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA NIGERIA
More information1 INTRODUCTION 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS. In 1989, two models were able to make smog forecasts; the MPA-model and
The national smog warning system in The Netherlands; a combination of measuring and modelling H. Noordijk Laboratory of Air Research, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (WFM;,
More informationPhase-averaged analysis of an oscillating water column wave energy converter
Phase-averaged analysis of an oscillating water column wave energy converter Alan Fleming, BEng (Hons) National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime College Submitted in
More informationCONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATORS SABHA RAJ ARYA
CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATORS SABHA RAJ ARYA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI NOVEMBER 2013 CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND CONFIGURATIONS
More informationPRODUCTION OF ETHYL ACETATE USING CATALYTIC REACTION METHOD
PRODUCTION OF ETHYL ACETATE USING CATALYTIC REACTION METHOD Bamunusingha Arachchige Nadeeka Niroshinie Bamunusingha (108001 T) Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
More informationChallenges of Communicating Weather Information to the Public. Sam Lashley Senior Meteorologist National Weather Service Northern Indiana Office
Challenges of Communicating Weather Information to the Public Sam Lashley Senior Meteorologist National Weather Service Northern Indiana Office Dilbert the Genius Do you believe him? Challenges of Communicating
More informationAtmospheric Pollution Research
AtmosphericPollutionResearch2(211)436444 Atmospheric Pollution Research www.atmospolres.com ForecastingofairqualityinDelhiusingprincipalcomponent regressiontechnique AnikenderKumar,PramilaGoyal CentreforAtmosphericSciences,IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi,HauzKhas,NewDelhi116India
More informationECM PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
ECM PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Mechanical Engineering Submitted by: ANIL KUMAR MEHER ROLL NO. : 10503046
More informationSimulation of Air Quality Using RegCM Model
Simulation of Air Quality Using RegCM Model The Regional Climate Model (RegCM) The Regional Climate Model (RegCM) is one of the RCMs that was originally developed at the National Center for Atmospheric
More informationAn anisotropic Matérn spatial covariance model: REML estimation and properties
An anisotropic Matérn spatial covariance model: REML estimation and properties Kathryn Anne Haskard Doctor of Philosophy November 2007 Supervisors: Arūnas Verbyla and Brian Cullis THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE
More information20 Years of Forecasting Air Quality in Georgia. Michael E. Chang
20 Years of Forecasting Air Quality in Georgia Michael E. Chang chang@gatech.edu www.elementascience.org Atmospheric Science Ecology Sustainable Engineering Earth & Environmental Science Ocean Science
More informationVIDYASAGAR DEVTHADE DOCTORAL DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY
PERSONAL INFORMATION H.NO;15-458, PITTALAWADA, ADILABAD, 504001, TELANGANA STATE, INDIA +91 9603716765 +91 8055297009 vidyasagar.devtade@gmail.com WhatsApp no: +91 9849717489 Sex Male Date of birth 01/10/1990
More informationMeteorology Unit Study Guide
Name: Key Pd. Date: 1. Define meteorology Meteorology Unit Study Guide Study of the atmosphere including weather and weather patterns 2. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere by volume is. This gas comprises
More informationWater erosion risk assessment in South Africa: towards a methodological framework. J.J. Le Roux
Water erosion risk assessment in South Africa: towards a methodological framework by J.J. Le Roux Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geography)
More informationModular Monochromatic Colorings, Spectra and Frames in Graphs
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2014 Modular Monochromatic Colorings, Spectra and Frames in Graphs Chira Lumduanhom Western Michigan University, chira@swu.ac.th
More informationAcoustic Signal Processing. Algorithms for Reverberant. Environments
Acoustic Signal Processing Algorithms for Reverberant Environments Terence Betlehem B.Sc. B.E.(Hons) ANU November 2005 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National
More information6 th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAND/DUSTSTORMS AND ASSOCIATED DUSTFALL 7-9 September 2011, Athens, Greece
6 th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAND/DUSTSTORMS AND ASSOCIATED DUSTFALL Motivations Importance of Numerical Prediction Models to mineral dust cycle evaluation of dust effects over Italian region Identify
More information