DEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR FROM FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND ALLAMANDA)
|
|
- Elmer Tyler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR FROM FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND ALLAMANDA) By OLA YIWOLA JACOB (2006/24200EH) DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA NIGERIA NOVEMBER,2011
2 DEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR FROM FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA AND ALLAMANDA) By OLAYIWOLAJACOB (2006/24200EH),,<. " ',', ~!; A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT"OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,. " ' FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA ",. '. NIGERIA ", "" { '.1 ',;.. :' ':,';'r,':;:,\; -' IN PARTIAU FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF, ""',, - BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B. ENG) DEGREE IN CHEMICAL " " ENGINEERING 'I' " ;.,,' NOYEMBER,2011 ""t"., ;'~,.' ~t it.}., ~
3 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project report (thesis) "DEVELOPMENT OF ACID-BASE ICATOR USING FLOWER PETALS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFF A AND ALLAMANDA)" Olayiwola Jacob meets the requirements for the partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of (B. Eng) degree in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Dr. D. O. Agbajelola Name and Signature Date Dr. M. O. Edoga Name and Signature Date," External Examiner " Name and Signature Date iv
4 DECLARATION I declare that the work in the project report (thesis) entitled "development of acid-base indicator from flower petals (hibiscus sabdariffa and allamanda)" has been performed (carried out) by me under the supervision of Engr. Dr D.O Agbajelola. No part ofthis project report (thesis) was presented for another degree or diploma elsewhere at any institution to the best of Olayiwola Jacob c$-,.. Name of student Date iii
5 ACKNOWLEGDEMENT to express my profound gratitude to Almighty God for His Protection, provision and JUU.UUJU grace throughout my years in school. so want to appreciate the immense financial and moral support of my lovely mum Mrs. Alice my sisters Florence, Elizabeth, Deborah and Dorcas, my nieces and nephew Tosin, aye, Kehinde, Dami, Judah and Abigail and the families of the Makanjuola's, Aminu's and to specially appreciate my project supervisor Engr. Dr D.O. Agbajelola, for his fatherly and advice during this research work.i also want to express my gratitude to the Head of of Chemical Engineering, Federal University, Minna, in person of Dr M.O Edoga the lecturers I was opportune to learn from during my degree programme. Finally I want thank all my course mate in chemical engineering department, I love you all. v
6 ABSTRACT The project report highlights the development of acid-base indicator from flower petals. It aims at producing efficient indicator from flowers as substitutes or possible replacement for standard indicators in use in chemical industries, research laboratories and schools for the determination of acidity, alkalinity, humidity's, extent of reactions, etc. 20 g of various flower petals of Hibiscus sabdariffa and allamanda, were collected, dried, crushed and their pigments separately extracted in a soxhlet extractor at a temperature of 81 C using a mixture of ethanol and hydrochloric acid. The extract was then stabilized by hydrolyzing it with concentrated HCI and purified by crystallizing the hydrolyzed extract. The indicator properties of the flower pigments were tested by observing its color change in acid and base. The solution of the indicator crystals was prepared by dissolving 19 of the sample in 1000 cm 3 ethanol and used for titrating O.lm. NaOH and O.117m HCI solutions to obtain the end point. The purity of the indicator produced was tested with thin layer chromatography, which made it possible to classify the pigment produced as anthocynanin. The sharp contrast between their colors in acid and base made the I pigment suitable for use as acid-base indicators. vi
7 TABLE OF CONTENT Cover Page Title Page Declaration Certification Acknowledgement Abstract List of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices Nomenclature li 111 IV v VI Xli Xlll XIV xv CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Aim and obj ectives 1.2 Justification 1.3 Scope of study 1.4 Problem statement CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 The Structure of Pigments (Acid and Base) 2.2 Properties of Good Acid-Base Indicator 2.3 Acid-base Indicator 2.4 Theories of Indicator Action Chromaphore theory vii
8 2.4.2 Resonance theory 2.5 Acid-Base theories Theory of solvent system Bronsted lowry theory Lewis theory Arrhenius theory 2.6 Classes of Acid-Base Indicator 2.7 Disadvantages of Acid-Base Indicator 2.8 Errors in Indicator Titration 2.9 Factors Influencing Indicator Action 2.10 Choice of Solvent for Acid-base Titration 2.11 Some Common Acid-Base indicators 2.12 Natural Indicator Ingredient Occurrence of anthocyanins Methods of isolating and identifying anthocyanin in plants Uses of anthocyanin Industrial application of anthocyanin Chemistry of anthocyanin Structure of anthocyanins 2.13 Identification and Characterization of Pigment Chromatography identification Spectral method of identification 2.14 Continuous Extraction 2.15 Solvent Recovery Desirable solvent properties Advantages and disadvantages of solvent extraction 2.16 General Methods of Flower Pigment Extraction Mechanical pressing IS viii
9 Rendering method Solvent extraction 2.17 Factors Influencing the Rate of Extraction Particle size Solvent Temperature Agitation CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Equipments and Materials used 3.1 Pretreatment and Size Reduction 3.1 Extraction Procedure 3.1 Crystallization procedure 3.1 Pigment Characterization, Flower extracts indicator properties Acid-base color change Uses as an indicator and comparative titration ph range determination Purity Test Chromatography characterization Stability Test Volume of change with time CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 Results and Discussion 4.1 Results lx 31 31
10 4.1.1 Extraction Results, Indicator Properties Comparative Titration Results Purity Test Stability Test 4.2 Discussion of Results CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Recommendation REFERENCES 40 APPENDIX 42 x
11 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2.1: Common Acid-Base Indicator 13 Table 2.2: Chlorides of Anthocyanin 17 Table 3.1: List of Apparatus Used 26 Table 3.2: List of Materials or Reagents 27 Table 4.1: Flower Pigment Extracted Using and HCI 31, Table 4.2: Acid-Base Color Change Results 32 Table 4.3: Strong Acid Vs Strong base Titration 32 Table 4.4: Strong Acid Vs Weak Base Titration 33 Table 4.5: Weak Acid Vs Strong Base Titration 33 Table 4.6: ph Color Change 34 Table 4.7: the R f Values in Thin Layer Chromatography Plate 34 Table 4.8: Volume of Hydrolysed pigment Indicator Required to Color NaOH 35 Table 4.9: Volume ofunhydrolysed pigment Indicator Required to Color NaOH 35 xi
12 LIST OF FlGURES Figu.re Page Figure 2.1: Structure of Anthocyanin 18 Figure 4.1: Hydrolysed Indicator Stability Test 36 Figure 4.2: Unhydrolysed Indicator Stability Test 36.Figure 4.3: Flow Diagram for the Industrial Prod.uctioll of Pigment (Acid.,.Base) Indi~ator 38 xii
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NICKEL-DOPED NATURAL CLAY CATALYST FOR ISOMERIZATION REACTION OF N-HEXANE KOLAWOLE SAMUEL SUNDAY
.,': ~.~"""~---..... -~-... "-~.-~~--.~ PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NICKEL-DOPED NATURAL CLAY CATALYST FOR ISOMERIZATION REACTION OF N-HEXANE BY KOLAWOLE SAMUEL SUNDAY 2003/17513EH. ~: DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
More informationEFFECT OF NOZZLE ANGLE ON JET IMPINGEMENT COOLING SYSTEM KHAIDER BIN ABU BAKAR
EFFECT OF NOZZLE ANGLE ON JET IMPINGEMENT COOLING SYSTEM KHAIDER BIN ABU BAKAR Report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty
More informationEXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TANNINS FROM BITTER LEAF AND APPLICATION OF FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN AND MODEL
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TANNINS FROM BITTER LEAF AND APPLICATION OF FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN AND MODEL BY ABUR TERZUNGWE JUSTIN 991S020EH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
More informationDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER LEVEL DETECTOR WITH PUMP CONTROL
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER LEVEL DETECTOR WITH PUMP CONTROL RAFIQ AISHAT OMOLOLA 2005/22089EE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE.
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA GEO IMS (GEOMATICS INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) NIK NUR IZZATIE BINTI ABDUL HADI Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor Science of Geomatics
More informationAN APPROPRIATE LOT SIZING TECHNIQUE FOR INVENTORY POLICY PROBLEM WITH DECREASING DEMAND
AN APPROPRIATE LOT SIZING TECHNIQUE FOR INVENTORY POLICY PROBLEM WITH DECREASING DEMAND A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Bachelor Degree of Engineering in Industrial
More informationPRODUCTION OF ETHYL ACETATE USING CATALYTIC REACTION METHOD
PRODUCTION OF ETHYL ACETATE USING CATALYTIC REACTION METHOD Bamunusingha Arachchige Nadeeka Niroshinie Bamunusingha (108001 T) Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
More informationUNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOFT CLAY REINFORCE WITH SINGLE 16MM DIAMETER ENCAPSULATED BOTTOM ASH COLUMN NABILAH BINTI MD MASHOD FAKEH
1 UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOFT CLAY REINFORCE WITH SINGLE 16MM DIAMETER ENCAPSULATED BOTTOM ASH COLUMN NABILAH BINTI MD MASHOD FAKEH B. ENG (HONS.) CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG 1 UNIVERSITI
More informationEFFECT OF SOIL TYPE ON SEISMIC PERFROMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SCHOOL BUILDING
EFFECT OF SOIL TYPE ON SEISMIC PERFROMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SCHOOL BUILDING NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHD NASAI B. ENG (HONS.) CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION I hereby
More informationUNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE PARAMETER OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) APPROXIMATED FUNCTION USING SEQUENTIAL PERTURBATION METHOD
UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE PARAMETER OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) APPROXIMATED FUNCTION USING SEQUENTIAL PERTURBATION METHOD HILMI ASYRAF BIN RAZALI Report submitted in partial
More informationHeat Transfer Characteristics of Flow Between Two Parallel Plates
30 mm (Title Page) Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flow Between Two Parallel Plates (Three Blank Lines) by (Font size 12, Times New Roman and Centered) (Three Blank Lines) (Md. Ruhul Amin) (Font size
More informationFLOCCULATION OF WASTEWATER FROM THE PRODUCTION OF LOW VOC PAINTS
FLOCCULATION OF WASTEWATER FROM THE PRODUCTION OF LOW VOC PAINTS Dumisa Cornelius Gina An MSc dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment,, Johannesburg, in fulfilment
More informationPARTICLE SIZE EFFECT FROM MICRO TO NANO ON THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, 2013 PARTICLE SIZE EFFECT FROM MICRO TO NANO ON THE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES by: M.HOSSEIN ALAEI Department of Applied
More informationDUST EXPLOSION MODELING USING MECHANISTIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES
DUST EXPLOSION MODELING USING MECHANISTIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES VIMLESH KUMAR BIND DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
More informationIndustrial Rotating Kiln Simulation
Industrial Rotating Kiln Simulation This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Science University of Technology, Sydney 1999 Submitted by Dennis Van Puyvelde, B. Chem. Eng.
More informationEffect of 3D Stress States at Crack Front on Deformation, Fracture and Fatigue Phenomena
Effect of 3D Stress States at Crack Front on Deformation, Fracture and Fatigue Phenomena By Zhuang He B. Eng., M. Eng. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the School of Mechanical
More informationFATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF OFFSHORE STEEL JACKET PLATFORMS
FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF OFFSHORE STEEL JACKET PLATFORMS by ASHOK GUPTA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Civil
More informationSHEAR STRENGTH OF POLYURETHANE-RESIN STABILIZED VOLCANIC SAND
SHEAR STRENGTH OF POLYURETHANE-RESIN STABILIZED VOLCANIC SAND Final Project Report as a requirement to obtain Bachelor degree from Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta by: YOHANES MEINATA PERMANA Student ID
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR COASTAL AQUACULTURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT OF LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR COASTAL AQUACULTURE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Case Study: Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan I KETUT SUTARGA
More informationA THESIS. Submitted by MAHALINGA V. MANDI. for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
LINEAR COMPLEXITY AND CROSS CORRELATION PROPERTIES OF RANDOM BINARY SEQUENCES DERIVED FROM DISCRETE CHAOTIC SEQUENCES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION A THESIS Submitted by MAHALINGA
More informationEstimation for state space models: quasi-likelihood and asymptotic quasi-likelihood approaches
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2008 Estimation for state space models: quasi-likelihood and asymptotic
More informationUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING EUCALYPTUS CORYMBIA LEAVES EXTRACT; CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATION
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING EUCALYPTUS CORYMBIA LEAVES EXTRACT; CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATION JOSHUA SILA MUNYAO I56/68845/2011. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
More informationMATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LOW WIND CONDITIONS
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF DISPERSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LOW WIND CONDITIONS by ANIL KUMAR YADAV Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF
More informationASSESSMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES, ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN VANGA, KENYA
ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES, ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN VANGA, KENYA MARLYN ACHIENG OMONDI A Thesis submitted to the Graduate School in
More informationDESIGN OF DOWELS FOR SHEAR TRANSFER AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN CONCRETE CAST AT DIFFERENT TIMES: A CASE STUDY
DESIGN OF DOWELS FOR SHEAR TRANSFER AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN CONCRETE CAST AT DIFFERENT TIMES: A CASE STUDY Samayamanthree Mudiyanselage Premasiri Karunarathna 118614J Degree of Master of Engineering in
More informationStudies on Myelin Formation & Particulate growth in Mixed Surfactant System
Studies on Myelin Formation & Particulate growth in Mixed Surfactant System Project Report Submitted in partial fulfillment For the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY Under The Academic Autonomy
More informationExperiment 5 Titration of Acids and Bases
CEAC 103 GENERAL CHEMISTRY Experiment 5 Titration of Acids and Bases Purpose: To become familiar with the techniques of titration, a volumetric method of analysis; to determine the molarity and ph of an
More informationCONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN RECEPTIONISTS AND GUESTS AT KUNJA VILLAS
CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON THE CONVERSATION BETWEEN RECEPTIONISTS AND GUESTS AT KUNJA VILLAS BY: NI PUTU ELISTIAWATI 1201305007 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ARTS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 2016
More informationto the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
by SANDEEP KUMAR Department of Applied Mechanics Submitted in fulfilment of the tequirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI MARCH 1997 jneyah sa nit
More informationLESOTHO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS CONCEPTIONS OF EARTHQUAKES
LESOTHO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS CONCEPTIONS OF EARTHQUAKES MALITŠOANELO NTHATI THAMAE Degree of Master of Science by coursework and research: A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University
More informationECM PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
ECM PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Mechanical Engineering Submitted by: ANIL KUMAR MEHER ROLL NO. : 10503046
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF PB(II) ONTO CITRIC ACID AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE MODIFIED RUBBER LEAF POWDER
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF PB(II) ONTO CITRIC ACID AND MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE MODIFIED RUBBER LEAF POWDER AHMAD FAISAL FADZIL Thesis submitted in fulfillment ofthe requirements
More informationEVALUATION OF RADIATION DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X-RAY UNITS. Risimati Dazmen Mavunda
EVALUATION OF RADIATION DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X-RAY UNITS Risimati Dazmen Mavunda Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in fulfillment
More informationSummer Review Packet. for students entering. AP Calculus BC
Summer Review Packet for students entering AP Calculus BC The problems in this packet are designed to help you review topics that are important to your success in AP Calculus. Please attempt the problems
More informationEXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS - 32 - 2.1 Preparation Of Solutions:- For the present work all the the solvents, Reagent and chemicals used were of Sdfine / Riedel Make. The purity of the chemicals and reagents were
More informationPhase-averaged analysis of an oscillating water column wave energy converter
Phase-averaged analysis of an oscillating water column wave energy converter Alan Fleming, BEng (Hons) National Centre for Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Australian Maritime College Submitted in
More informationButje Alfonsius Louk Fanggi
AXIAL COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF FRP-CONCRETE-STEEL DOUBLE-SKIN TUBULAR COLUMNS Butje Alfonsius Louk Fanggi BEng and MEng (Structural Engineering) Thesis submitted to The University of Adelaide School of
More informationMir Md. Maruf Morshed
Investigation of External Acoustic Loadings on a Launch Vehicle Fairing During Lift-off Supervisors: Professor Colin H. Hansen Associate Professor Anthony C. Zander School of Mechanical Engineering South
More informationSYLLABUS. Departmental Syllabus. General Chemistry. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus. Departmental Syllabus
SYLLABUS DATE OF LAST REVIEW: 05/2018 CIP CODE: 24.0101 SEMESTER: COURSE TITLE: COURSE NUMBER: General Chemistry CHEM-0109 CREDIT HOURS: 5 INSTRUCTOR: OFFICE LOCATION: OFFICE HOURS: TELEPHONE: EMAIL: KCKCC-issued
More informationStudy Guide. Chemistry 3102B. Science. Equilibrium/Acids and Bases. Adult Basic Education. Chemistry 3102A. Prerequisite: Credit Value: 1
Adult Basic Education Science Equilibrium/Acids and Bases Prerequisite: Chemistry 3102A Credit Value: 1 Text: Chemistry. Mustoe et al.; McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2004 Chemistry Concentration Chemistry 1102
More informationExtraction of Polyphenols from Cashew Nut Shell
Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies ISSN 1583-1078 Issue 9, July-December 2006 p. 107-112 Extraction of Polyphenols from Cashew Nut Shell Mathew Obichukwu EDOGA 1, Labake FADIPE 2,
More information4.3.1 Chemical measurements, conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of chemical equations
4.3 Quantitative chemistry Chemists use quantitative analysis to determine the formulae of compounds and the equations for reactions. Given this information, analysts can then use quantitative methods
More informationAQUIFER GEOMETRY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN MOUNT ELGON AQUIFER, TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA.
AQUIFER GEOMETRY AND STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN MOUNT ELGON AQUIFER, TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY, KENYA. OGUT JULIUS ODIDA I56/79737/2012 A dissertation submitted to the Department of Geology
More informationNewey, Philip Simon (2009) Colony mate recognition in the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
This file is part of the following reference: Newey, Philip Simon (2009) Colony mate recognition in the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHEMISTRY
Centre Number Candidate Number Name UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHEMISTRY 0620/06 Paper 6 Alternative to Practical Candidates
More informationNCERT. [H O] Since water is in large excess, its concentration can be assumed to be constant and combining it with K provides a new constant K w
UNIT-5 PH AND PH CHANGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS YOU have already performed experiments on dynamic equilibrium between unionised salt and the ions produced by it on dissolving in a solvent. In this unit we
More information4.3 Quantitative chemistry
4.3 Quantitative chemistry Chemists use quantitative analysis to determine the formulae of compounds and the equations for reactions. Given this information, analysts can then use quantitative methods
More informationApplication of a Helmholtz resonator excited by grazing flow for manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer
Application of a Helmholtz resonator excited by grazing flow for manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer Farzin Ghanadi School of Mechanical Engineering The University of Adelaide South Australia, 5005
More informationChromatography. What is Chromatography?
Chromatography What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a technique for separating mixtures into their components in order to analyze, identify, purify, and/or quantify the mixture or components. Mixture
More informationUnit 2: Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques
Unit 2: Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques Level: 3 Unit type: Internal Guided learning hours: 90 Unit in brief Learners will be introduced to quantitative laboratory techniques, calibration,
More informationCERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CIRCULATION IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CIRCULATION IN THE BAY OF BENGAL AND THE ARABIAN SEA by INDU JAIN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
More informationnot to be republished NCERT THE technique of chromatography is vastly used for the separation, Chromatography UNIT-5 EXPERIMENT 5.
UNIT-5 Chromatography THE technique of chromatography is vastly used for the separation, purification and identification of compounds. According to IUPAC, chromatography is a physical method of separation
More informationCHEM 1312 General Chemistry II 3 Life and Physical Science CHEM 1312
Course Prefix Course Number Title SCH Component Area TCCCM CHEM 1312 General Chemistry II 3 Life and Physical Science CHEM 1312 (A) I. Course Description: This course is the second semester of general
More informationVIBRATORY STRESS ANALYSIS AND FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF TURBINE BLADE
VIBRATORY STRESS ANALYSIS AND FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF TURBINE BLADE By NALINAKSH S. VYAS A Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirments of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Z a xi UTE OR r o
More informationDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY
STUDIES ON NEW REAGENTS FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ANIONS, METAL IONS AND DRUGS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
More informationAN ELECTRO-THERMAL APPROACH TO ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY RAJESH GUPTA
AN ELECTRO-THERMAL APPROACH TO ACTIVE THERMOGRAPHY by RAJESH GUPTA Centre for Applied Research in Electronics Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY to the INDIAN
More informationAspirin Synthesis H 3 PO 4
Aspirin Synthesis Experiment 10 Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES METHYL CELLULOSE BASED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES METHYL CELLULOSE BASED POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL MAS FIZA BINTI MUSTAFA Thesis submitted in fulfillment
More informationCopyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More information-fo 一喝INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLOW OF MULTISIZED HETEROGENEOUS SLURRIES IN STRAIGHT PIPE AND PIPE BENDS
-fo 一喝INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLOW OF MULTISIZED HETEROGENEOUS SLURRIES IN STRAIGHT PIPE AND PIPE BENDS by MUKHTAR AHMAD Department of Applied Mechanics Thesis submitted n fu/fi 加 ent of the requirements
More informationWIDE AREA CONTROL THROUGH AGGREGATION OF POWER SYSTEMS
WIDE AREA CONTROL THROUGH AGGREGATION OF POWER SYSTEMS Arash Vahidnia B.Sc, M.Sc in Electrical Engineering A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
More informationENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
POLITENESS MAXIMS FOUND BETWEEN CHARACTERS IN PAPER TOWNS MOVIE PUTU ISMAYA SYAFITRI 1218351023 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURE UDAYANA UNIVERSITY 2016 i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of
More informationGeneral Education Competencies Satisfied:
Course Name: General Chemistry I Course Number: CHE* E121 Credits: 4 Catalog description: A study of the fundamental principles, theories and laws of chemistry. Topics include atomic theory and the structure
More informationCHEMISTRY CLASS XII DESIGN OF THE QUESTION PAPER. 1. Weightage to Learning Outcomes S.NO. OBJECTIVE MARKS PERCENTAGE
CHEMISTRY CLASS XII DESIGN OF THE QUESTION PAPER Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70 The weightage of the distribution of marks over different dimensions of the question paper shall be as follows : 1. Weightage
More informationnot to be republished NCERT YOU are already aware that a substance is analysed to establish its qualitative TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS UNIT-6
UNIT-6 TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS YOU are already aware that a substance is analysed to establish its qualitative and quantitative chemical composition. Thus, chemical analysis can be categorised as qualitative
More informationRequired Syllabus Information all must be included in the course syllabus
Effective Implementation date: Spring 2018, 201830 Required Syllabus Information all must be included in the course syllabus CHE 112 Course Title: Gen College Chem II/Lab: SC1 Course Credits: 5 Course
More informationFor Examiner s Use Total EMPA mark Surname. Candidate. Number. Other Names
Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Total EMPA mark Surname Other Names Notice to Candidate. The work you submit for assessment must be your own. If you copy from someone else or allow another
More informationCHEMISTRY. Overview. Choice of topic
CHEMISTRY Overview An extended essay in chemistry provides students with an opportunity to investigate a particular aspect of the materials of our environment. Such extended essays must be characterized
More informationMACHINE LEARNING FOR GEOLOGICAL MAPPING: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
MACHINE LEARNING FOR GEOLOGICAL MAPPING: ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS MATTHEW J. CRACKNELL BSc (Hons) ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES) School of Physical Sciences (Earth Sciences) Submitted
More informationIntroduction to Acids & Bases II. Packet #26
Introduction to Acids & Bases II Packet #26 1 Review I Svante Arrhenius was the first person to recognize the essential nature of acids and bases. 2 Review II Arrhenius postulated that: Acids produce hydrogen
More informationChemistry 216. First Exam (March 16, 2010) (1 hr 15 min, 80 points) Dr. Kyoung Moo Koh. Lab section. GSI name. Name Please print.
Chemistry 216 First Exam (March 16, 2010) (1 hr 15 min, 80 points) Dr. Kyoung Moo Koh Lab section GSI name Name Please print Signature Student ID# I 8 II 10 III 6 IV 12 V 12 VI 10 VII 14 VIII 8 Total 80
More informationGROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SULPHATE CRYSTALS
GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SULPHATE CRYSTALS Thesis Submitted to Bharathiar University in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ELECTRONICS
More information3. Separation of a Mixture into Pure Substances
3. Separation of a Mixture into Pure Substances Paper Chromatography of Metal Cations What you will accomplish in this experiment This third experiment provides opportunities for you to learn and practice:
More informationRABI OSCILLATIONS IN THE JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL TING HOCK KING. A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the
RABI OSCILLATIONS IN THE JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL TING HOCK KING A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Physics Faculty of Engineering
More informationMETHOD 9252A CHLORIDE (TITRIMETRIC, MERCURIC NITRATE)
METHOD 9252A CHLORIDE (TITRIMETRIC, MERCURIC NITRATE) 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This method is applicable to ground water, drinking, surface, and saline waters, and domestic and industrial wastes.
More informationCHEMISTRY - HIGHER LEVEL
M34 AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS AGUS EOLAÍOCHTA LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2002 CHEMISTRY - HIGHER LEVEL TUESDAY, 18 JUNE - AFTERNOON 2.00 to 5.00 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include
More informationFARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FARMINGDALE STATE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE: COURSE TITLE: Prepared by: Dr. Victor Huang September 2016 General Chemistry Principles II COURSE CODE: CHM 153 CREDITS: 4 CONTACT HOURS:
More informationCHLORINE PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No. 61A. Supplement A. by YEN CHEN YEN. May A private report by the STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Report No. 61A CHLORINE Supplement A by YEN CHEN YEN May 1074 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION... 1 SUMMARY...
More informationThe Dynamics of Potassium in some. Australian soils
The Dynamics of Potassium in some Australian soils Serhiy Marchuk In fulfilment of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Soil Science Group School of Agriculture, Food and Wine The University of Adelaide
More informationIntroduction to Acids & Bases. Packet #26
Introduction to Acids & Bases Packet #26 Review I Svante Arrhenius was the first person to recognize the essential nature of acids and bases. Review II Arrhenius postulated that: Acids produce hydrogen
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) BASED MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING (MCDM) FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION: A CASE STUDY OF AMPANG JAYA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AINON NISA OTHMAN
More informationCLARKSON UNIVERSITY. A Thesis by Arthur J. Michalek. Accepted by the Graduate School
CLARKSON UNIVERSITY Effects of an In-Plane Axisymmetric Electromagnetic Field on the Vibration of a Thin, Spinning Disk A Thesis by Arthur J. Michalek Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
More informationDIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS IN SPECKLE METROLOGY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS IN SPECKLE METROLOGY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT By A. J. PRAMILA DANIEL Instrument Design Development Centre THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE
More informationAcids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course. Steffi Thomas 14/09/2017
Acids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course Steffi Thomas ssthomas@tcd.ie 14/09/2017 Outline What are acids and bases? Can we provide a general definition of acid and base? How can we quantify acidity and basicity?
More informationAcids, Bases, & Neutralization Chapter 20 & 21 Assignment & Problem Set
Acids, Bases, & Neutralization Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Acids, Bases, & Neutralization 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know
More informationCHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
Advanced Chemistry Name Hour Advanced Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Day Plans
More informationDownloaded from
I.I.T.Foundation - XI Chemistry MCQ #10 Time: 45 min Student's Name: Roll No.: Full Marks: 90 Solutions I. MCQ - Choose Appropriate Alternative 1. Molarity is the number of moles of a solute dissolved
More information1 Chapter 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts
1 Chapter 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts ACID-BASE THEORIES Acids and bases are all around us and part of our everyday life (ex. bodily functions, vinegar, carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, car batteries,
More informationASEAN GUIDELINES FOR VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
ASEAN GUIDELINES FOR VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Adopted from ICH Guidelines ICH Q2A: Validation of Analytical Methods: Definitions and Terminology, 27 October 1994. ICH Q2B: Validation of Analytical
More informationReid State Technical College
Reid State Technical College I. COURSE PREFIX, NUMBER, TITLE MTH 098 D - Elementary Algebra II. COURSE HOURS 3 Theory credit hours 0 Lab credit hours 0 Clinical credit hours 3 Contact hours III. CLASS
More informationContents. 1 Matter: Its Properties and Measurement 1. 2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory Chemical Compounds Chemical Reactions 111
Ed: Pls provide art About the Authors Preface xvii xvi 1 Matter: Its Properties and Measurement 1 1-1 The Scientific Method 2 1-2 Properties of Matter 4 1-3 Classification of Matter 5 1-4 Measurement of
More informationOCR (A) Chemistry A-level Topic Acids, Bases and Buffers
OCR (A) Chemistry A-level Topic 5.1.3 - Acids, Bases and Buffers Flashcards Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Proton donor Define a Bronsted-Lowry base Define a Bronsted-Lowry base
More informationUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MODELLING OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE ELEMENTS: INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL AND SPATIAL INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MODELLING OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE ELEMENTS: INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL AND SPATIAL INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE FARIZA BINTI YUNUS Thesis submitted in fulfilment o
More informationThe response of native Australian seedlings to heat and water stress. Mallory T. R. Owen
The response of native Australian seedlings to heat and water stress Mallory T. R. Owen Bachelor of Environmental Science Institute of Applied Ecology University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia A thesis
More informationReid State Technical College
Reid State Technical College I. COURSE PREFIX, NUMBER, TITLE Intermediate Algebra II. COURSE HOURS 3 Credit hours 3 Theory credit hours 0 Lab credit hours 0 Clinical credit hour 3 Contact Hours III. CLASS
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certifi cate of Secondary Education
*0367948514* UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certifi cate of Secondary Education CHEMISTRY 06/61 Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June 12 1 hour Candidates
More informationNotes: Acids and Bases
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Acids and Bases Period I. Describing Acids and Bases A. Properties of Acids taste ph 7 Acids change color of an (e.g. blue litmus paper turns in the presence of an acid) React
More informationA. GENERAL NOTICES. Ninth Edition, which may be abbreviated as JSFA-IX.
A. GENERAL NOTICES A. GENERAL NOTICES 1. The title of this book is Japan s Specifications and Standards for Food Additives, Ninth Edition, which may be abbreviated as JSFA-IX. 2. Unless otherwise specified,
More informationAnalytical Methods Validation
Analytical Methods Validation In-Process Control Methods for the Manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Jose Zayas*, Victor Sanchez, and Michelle Talley The authors propose a strategy for classifying
More informationLEWIS THEORY. ammonium ion
135 LEWIS THEORY Example: ammonia and water Ammonia donates a pair of electrons to a hydrogen on the water molecule, forming a new covalent bond (and breaking another) water (Lewis acid) ammonia (Lewis
More information