Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI): Overview of ELI Beamlines

Transcription

1 Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI): Overview of ELI Beamlines Georg Korn Science and Technology Manager ELI-Beamlines Institute of Physics of the ASCR Prague, Czech Republic

2 Outline ELI mission, European approach of ELI scientific program structure and goals Facilities Lasers Physical concepts of beamlines, relativistic laser plasma interaction Experimental areas and stations

3 Extreme Light Infrastructure ELI in brief ELI will be the world s first truly international laser research infrastructure, pursuing unique science and research applications for users ELI will be implemented as a distributed research infrastructure based initially on 3 specialised and complementary facilities located in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania ELI is the first ESFRI project to be fully implemented in the newer EU Member States ELI is pioneering a novel funding model combining the use of structural funds (ERDF) for the implementation and contributions to an ERIC for operation

4 ELI will comprise 4 branches: Attosecond Laser Science, which will capitalize on new regimes of time resolution (ELI-ALPS, Szeged, HU) High-Energy Beam Facility, responsible for development and application of ultra-short pulses of high-energy particles and radiation stemming from relativistic and later ultrarelativistc interaction (ELI-Beamlines, Prague, CZ) Nuclear Physics Facility with ultra-intense lasers and brilliant gamma beams (up to 19 MeV) enabling also brilliant neutron beam generation with a largely controlled variety of energies (ELI-NP, Magurele, RO) New science, unique research opportunitites Ultra-High-Field Science centred on direct physics of the unprecedented laser field strength (ELI 4, to be decided)?

5 ELI = European Project Joint Initiation Parallel Implementation Joint Operation 13 Countries 40 Research Institutions ESFRI ELI-PP ELI-Beamlines Czech Republic ELI-ALPS Hungary ELI ELI-NP Romania PP Consortium MoU ELI-DC AISBL ELI- ERIC DE, IT, UK,Fr

6 Financial structure initiation ~ 6 M Prep. Phase parallel implementation ~ 850 M total EU Structural Funds joint operation ERIC negotiations M /a ELI-ERIC (pending) PP MoU ELI-DC International Association ELI- ERIC

7 The ELI White Book 530 pages of Science, Technology and implementation strategies of ELI

8 Material science Medicine Biology Environment Fusion research Space science Astro-Biology Fundamental Physics More will come

9 Laser Portfolio PW level

10 short pulses: large bandwidth 100fs, 10nm (after amplification) (vibronic lasers Ti: Sapphire 250nm, 3fs) high peak-power (short pulse high energy): high energy storage (solid state lasers) efficient energy extraction (near saturation fluence) Esat.=h = 1J/cm 2 Ti:sapphire = 4-20 J/cm 2 Glasses

11 Amplification of fs pulses Problems from high intensity or peak-power Small scale SF leads to reduction of foc. output power and damage Whole beam SF (oscillators) Damage Broad bandwidth, regenerative shaping or multipass amplifier Dispersion Control, phase control enables pulse shaping

12 Main beam + 1. order Scattered beam Far field increases focusibility decreases Process depends strongly on intensity and Quality of optical components Diffraction - 1.order Interference n 2 I phase grating Exponential growth of fastet growing ripples with a gain g max =(2p l)n 2 I/n o, Z f =(g max ) -1 ln(3/d) initial pertubation d=de o /E o

13 Modern Chirped Pulse Amplification laser system includes Fs-oscillator Pulse stretcher Phase stab., EUV attosecond generation using high harmonics Higher order phase control Phase shaping in frequency space Amplifier Bandwidth control, saturation Pulse compressor Higher order phase control Enhancement of focusab. by wavefront control and adaptive correction

14 CPA-scheme combining positive and negative dispersion to stretch and to compress Short large bandwidth laser pulses

15 Moulton, 1982 Ti:Sapphire (ultra-broadband material) W. Sibbett 1991, magic mode-locking (Kerr-lens-mode-locking) Sub-10fs oscillators, managing n2 effects is the key in high power Lasers, good and bad effect! Screw driver story

16 ELI-Beamlines location Proximity of international airport (15 min drive), enjoyable surroundings, behind the border of Prague (funding issues) Synergy with planned large biotechnology center BIOCEV (2 km distance) Direct connection to Prague outer ring and the European motorway network

17 Ground breaking ceremony 9 th of October Prime Minister Necas, Minister of Education Fiala, President of Academy, Representative of Church praying for good photons!

18 Science Case at ELI-Beamlines ELI-Beamlines bid: balance between fundamental science and applications ELI-Beamlines will be international user facility, partnership experiments & projects over 100 researchers Research Program 1, B. Rus Lasers generating rep-rate ultrashort pulses & multi-petawatt peak powers, Research Program 2, J. Nejdl X-ray sources driven by rep-rate ultrashort laser pulses, Research Program 3, D. Margarone Particle acceleration by lasers, Research Program 4, J. Andreasson Applications in molecular, biomedical, and material sciences, strong cooperation BIOCEV Research Program 5, S. Weber Laser plasma and high-energy-density physics, lab astrophysics, plasma optics for foc. Research Program 6, S. Weber High-field physics and theory (steps to W/cm 2, radiation reaction plays role)

19 Facility aerial view

20 ELI BEAMLINES BASEBUILD DELIVERY Construction of: Laser Building 16,500m2 Laboratories 4,500m2 Offices 4,400m2 Multifunction areas 2,300m2 installation and commissioning of all supporting basebuild services

21 ELI-Beamlines master scheme, Details by B. Rus

22 100 mj / <20 fs / 1 khz laser beamline Picosecond OPCPA pumped by Yb:YAG thin-disk lasers L1 Upgradable to 200 mj or more Development and integration by ELI-Beamlines team Pump thin-disk lasers supplied by TRUMPF, DPSSL Technology 10 mj / <20 fs / 1 khz pulses available by end 2015 First laser sub-system installed in the ELI-Beamlines facility 100 mj achieved by end 2017

23 Nanosecond OPCPA pumped by DPSSL Technology development beamline L2 PW pulses <15 fs, rep rate Hz Pump laser using cryogenic Yb:YAG DPSSL technology developed by STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Implementation in two stages Stage 1: Pumped by existing 10 J 10 Hz laser Stage 2: Pumped by 100 J 10 Hz laser developed by STFC for HiLASE

24 1 PW 10 Hz repetition rate beamline L3 All laser amplifiers pumped by DPSSL technology: High pulse-to-pulse stability, robustness, low maintenance, high level of automation, scalability to higher peak power and rep rate Supplier: LLNL Collaborative effort of ELI-Beamlines on development of the PW compressor, PW diagnostics, control & timing systems Planned to become PW workhorse of the ELI-Beamlines facility

25 L3: HAPLS + PW compressor & diagnostics HAPLS = High Repetition Rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System developed for ELI-Beamlines by LLNL Ti:sapphire gas-cooled power amplifier 200 J / 10 Hz Nd:glass gas cooled DPSSL pump laser Pump laser front end Front end: Ti:sapphire oscillator, stretcher, pulse cleaner, pre-amplifiers Ti:sapphire pre-amp pumped by DPSSL PW compressor Short pulse diagnostics package (SPDP) PW compressor & diagnostics developed by Inst. of Physics

26 Gas cooled amplifiers assembled and integrated Laser diode array Amplifier head

27 10 PW kj CPA laser: mixed Nd:glass providing spectral bandwidth for direct pulse compression to 150 fs L4 Nanosecond pulses with programmable temporal shape for sophisticated laser-plasma experiments PW auxiliary beam for plasma probing Possible future use as OPCPA driver for generation >10 PW power Supplier: NE-EKSPLA ELI-Beamlines co-develops 10 PW compressor + diagnostics + timing system

28 Generation of 13 nm spectrum to obtain 150 fs pulses Mixed glass: phosphate (λ 0 =1.054 µm) and silicate (λ 0 =1.062 µm) amplifier modules Seeding at intermediate wavelength λ 0 =1.057 µm Combined gain cross-section of Nd:silicate and Nd:phosphate glasses Amplified spectrum in the glass amplifiers APG-1 Nd:phosphate Q-246 Nd:silicate APG-1 + Q-246 λ=13 nm τ p (FL)=126 fs

29 Facility general layout ELI-Beamlines will provide synchronized beams of short pulse optical photons, x-rays, electrons, ions for users (including pump-probe experiments) photons

30 Facility, extremely stable monolitic structure of building RA 2, LUX

31 Relativistic Nonlinear Optics 2 sources of Nonlinearity 1. relativistic mass change 2. Pondermotive Pressure

32 Relativistic Optics base for the beamlines development F q E v c B a)classical optics v<<c, b) Relativistic optics v~c a 0 <<1, a 0 >>a 0 2 a 0 >>1, a 0 <<a 0 2 a 0 ea 0 mc 2 ee 0l mc 2 x~a o z~a o 2

33 electron acceleration, very compact few cm long Interaction with gas, 4.2 GeV in 9cm, Leemans et al.

34 What users get end-stations, RA4 L1 L2 1E13 ph PXS 300 fs 4π sr 1 khz HHG 5 mrad SRS + pump beams 1E10 ph 10 fs 1 khz 1E6 ph LUX 5 fs 5 mrad 10 Hz X-ray phase contrast imaging X-ray Diffraction X-ray absorption spectroscopy Coherent Diffractive Imaging Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Soft X-ray Materials Science Pulsed Radiolysis, WW pump-probe (station development) Science group and international user meetings defined necessary specifications of BL and end-stations (user view) L3 L4 Betatron 20 mrad 1E8 ph 10 fs 10 Hz P3 Plasma Phy. Platform ELIMAIA Ion accel. X-ray Phase contrast imaging X-ray fluorescence Absorption spectroscopy, WDM@10Hz, Hell electron.

35 What users get Coherent Diffractive Imaging Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Soft X-ray Materials Science X-ray phase contrast imaging X-ray Diffraction and spectroscopy Optical Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics X-ray Phase contrast imaging X-ray fluorescence/absorption spectroscopy Coherent Diffractive Imaging (concept) Secondary photon sources for users, short pulse SRS HHG 5 mrad LUX 5 mrad 1E10 ph 10 fs 1 khz 1E6 ph 5 fs 10 Hz PXS 4π sr betatron 20 mrad 1E13 ph 300 fs 1 khz 1E8 ph 20 fs 10 Hz compton 1 ev 10 ev 100 ev 1 kev 10 kev 100 kev 1 MeV

36 RP2: Laser-driven X-ray sources Plasma sources Harmonics (gas), or solids LUX Beamline currently being set up LUX/XFEL PM Quadrupoles 500 T/m gradient Electron Spectrometer X-rays from relativistic e-beams, Betatron and Compton X-Rays Laser ~100 TW class Plasma Target capillary, gas jet, gas cell Undulator 5 mm period, K = 0.4 electron beam parameters: 430 MeV, few pc charge 0.2 mm.mrad norm emi ance photons (2016) bandwidth stabilized to 2% poin ng stabilized photons per pulse down to 3 nm

37 Hall E1 applications, virtual beamline browser supported 3D tool for users using 3D glasses

38 Hall E2, Betatron and Compton

39 LUX Beamline currently being set up LUX beamline, UH, DESY PM Quadrupoles 500 T/m gradient Electron Spectrometer X-Rays Laser ~100 TW class Plasma Target capillary, gas jet, gas cell Undulator 5 mm period, K = 0.4 electron beam parameters: 430 MeV, few pc charge 0.2 mm.mrad norm emi ance photons (2016) bandwidth stabilized to 2% poin ng stabilized photons per pulse down to 3 nm pump-probe experiments M. Fuchs et al., Nature Physics 5, 826 (2009)

40 LUX Beamline and HELL

41 Laser driven LUX and x-fel (F. Grüner et al.) Long term vision, ELI-white book 200 TW Hz, L2, L3 Cooperation with DESY using accelerator know-how Water window FEL needs 400 MeV short and tunable x-ray pulses, extension of LUX, highly stable laser and Electron beams are required

42 Time-resolved single-particle diffraction imaging of biological molecules without crystallization Kirz,Nature Physics 2, (2006)

43 WHERE IS THE INTEREST? LIVING CELLS VIRUS PARTICLES MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES MEMBRANE PROTEINS SINGLE MOLECULES NANOCRYSTALS Janos Hajdu, Uppsala

44 Ultrashort and very intense X-ray pulses offer the possibility to outrun key damage processes Neutze, R., Wouts, R., van der Spoel, D., Weckert, E., Hajdu, J., Nature 406, , (2000). 3.8 x X-ray photons, 12 kev, 100 nm focus SHORT PULSE (<50 fs) LONG PULSE SPEED OF LIGHT vs. SPEED OF A SHOCK WAVE - Capture an image before the sample has time to respond - This principle is not restricted to tiny samples Janos Hajdu, Uppsala

45 From 2D to 3D structure determination Individual exposures Self-consistent 3D data set Electron density map Works with identical objects Janos Hajdu, Uppsala

46 THE ULTIMATE GOAL IS A CELL BUT NO TWO CELLS ARE IDENTICAL TO UNDERSTAND THE WHOLE YOU MUST LOOK AT THE WHOLE 3 simultaneous views of a target Janos Hajdu, Uppsala

47 Ion Acceleration: Target Normal Sheath Acceleration Radiation Pressure Acceleration, High intensity required courtesy S. V. Bulanov,

48 ELIMAIA technical design: completed ELI Multidisciplinary Applications of laser-ion Acceleration Target Tower and monitoring (Wiste, DeLuis) Target tower and alignment (Wiste, Lastovicka, Laub, Korous, Fajstavr, Giuffrida) OAP (Kramer, Laub) Ion Acc. PM L3-PW (10Hz) 30J/30fs ELIMED BT TC LD DI L4-PW 150J/150fs

49 What the users get Typical user requirements Wide energy and fluence range Small energy spread (quasimonoenergetic beams) Homogeneous transverse beam distribution Shot-to-shot stability (energy and fluence) Variable beam spot size Full beam control (fluence and dose) with < 5% error Possibility of in-air irradiation (e.g. biosamples) Use of different ion species (H, He, Li, C) Ion Beam Features (PW) Enabling Experiments Flagship Experiments Energy range 3-60 MeV/u MeV/u Ion No./laser shot >10 9 (10%BW) >10 10 (10%BW) Bunch duration 1-10 ns ns Energy spread ±5% ±2.5% Collimation Degree ±0.5 ± 0.2 Ion Spot Size mm mm Repetition rate Hz Hz User Applications Radiobiology, Neutron/Alpha source, PET, space-radiation, radiation chemistry, cultural heritage Hadrontherapy

50 dn/de [MeVsr -1 ] Ion Acceleration R&D (beam quality) PET PET E [MeV]

51 Ion Acceleration R&D (targetry) Solid H CEA Grenoble (J.P. Perin et al., SPIE 2015, Prague) Solid H CEA Grenoble (J.P. Perin, D. Chatain,, A. Velyhan, D. Margarone, July 2015) PALS (A. Velyhan, D. Margarone, J. Dostal, J. Ullschmied. D. Chatain et al.) August & November 2015

52 Beam fusion, 600 kev for p Neutron-free laser induced fusion (p-b) Next campaign will be in Japan, Osaka, Prof. Azechi Laser Intensity (PALS): ~10 16 W/cm 2 Alpha-particles yield: 1 billion/sr!!! (100 times higher than Labaune et al., Nat. Comm. 2013) European Patent under consideration

53 Plasma Physics

54 The forthcoming HED Physics laboratory: an overview

55 Fundamental intensity dependent regimes of interaction ele ele rel comp ultrarel = m c rel e 2 = m c el E = m c l comp ( ) p e 6 electron x µm 2 2 Very compact accelerators can be built

56 Laser-induced Nonlinear QED Stepan Bulanov et al, AAC 2012

57 Laser-induced Nonlinear QED e -

58 Timeline Building Ph I. Building Ph. II. A, B, C PAH Technology Development - DE, FR, IT, UK, USA Technology Delivery Technology Installations Commissioning User experiments

59 Thank you for your kind attention! For more info about the ELI Beamlines facility see