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Trevor Parsons
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3 %) 9 v " XD &, UI " % 8 :V * 76 e e e &=

%& &C c = )0@ Ml )*D KV Di: % Gb:" # Gr b " "h %D "# [J] ˆ & `%b "a F [ ] # 1" % [ ] 1@ " 0 U H ) 01 K )*D @

4 %& &C c = )0@ Ml )*D KV Di: % Gb:" # Gr b " "h %D "# [J] ˆ & `%b "a F [ ] # 1" % [ ] 1@ " 0 U H ) 01 K A `%b %D 86 &? W%C % ƒ A x%: "# 0~ AGr: &? "# Gd: " % 8 0 % " % 8 0 % X?% : 6 X?% SiO F KO % ; 6 96 % % "#

5 U U 0 # " % %) 9 v " # " = XD &, 0 XD " [UH] %) 7 I S W% 0 x%: "# 0 ": # ACNKSiO % 01 ) K )*D 0 '%C 0{ ] "D N= 0~ 0 #j X Fm %m U ] % Š%" N K * "# 1 * 1 ) r&: 01 7%) ") 0 " [UQ A 8 1 ) 0 " 0 $"0 n Y * &4 &3" &3" "0 YV '%C K3" :K K )*D 1 ] D"D K3" % Y * &3" " ) "* 7 "# &3" EU II I &3" " ) " 7 "# &3" E IV III 9 7 e e e &= % <6 " % 8 `@ 0~ X?% =6 XD [UU] K7 s "t % b: U c=) 8 `@ 0~ '" 0 "# *b*d@ ƒ%? 0 "# Y F Nb :*7 Ab4 1 0 "# %V" * K) ) % ) s = %? VAG Syn 0 "# 3 0 % 0 F Rb " y: % " # "? COLG %V" "# "a% %m YNb) ", "m } = *b*d@ 1 } 0 "# %? Ab4 1 0 "# Y * { = Rb % ƒ "" %= % 0 "# ": 0 x%: "# YNb) K) ) " # "? VAG) *b*d@ 1 }

6 " '" "4 ' %& &C 4 b " "h ] 3 " &4 "4 ' 0 8 U `@ 0~ 9CD : 7> ppm ] 3 Sample PM PM8 PM9 SiO J U T Q T TiO H HQ Q HQ Q AlO3 UII U Q UT PM17 T H I U U UITI UQ U UJ UQ FeO H TQ HIT HJ H Q H MnO HH HH HHU HHQ HH MgO H H Q H UH UQ CaO Q I I Q QQ NaO Q Q I IT I U IHT KO Q I Q QU PO5 HH U HUUU HU HUHJ Total* Q Sr I H UI I H I JJ UH H Nb Q I T Rb UH UQH U T T T QU UI [UI] Nb Y % U T HUUJ HJT H I Y T I HQ FeO3 Zr 1 PP E UI " % 8 U LOI 1 : Total* `@ 0~ X?%? 6 "# SynCOLG) %V" "# ": # 1@ RbEYNb)ƒ " 0 "# * = 6 [UI] Y * ORG) %? :*7 0 "# VAG) *b*d@ ƒ%? 0 "# WPG) Ab4

$%) 9 v " % "0 " 0{ I &3" c%m "C NC3 {0 ' X Fm %m 0{ W% 1 9 0~ 0,: ) K )*D " # = 1 @ R 0 * "0 0,: ) 0,: ) P": # 1 9 0~ `%b %D $%C0 " ] 0 1% ' 0 C )0@ 0~ 0" " 1 "# MR '%C * \ D % : 1 ) " K' Y V #"F 0 E$

7 %) 9 v " % "0 " 0{ I &3" c%m "C NC3 {0 ' X Fm %m 0{ W% 1 9 0~ 0,: ) K )*D " # = R 0 * "0 0,: ) 0,: ) P": # 1 9 0~ `%b %D $%C0 " ] 0 1% ' 0 C )0@ 0~ 0" " 1 "# MR '%C * \ D % : 1 ) " K' Y V #"F 0 E 7% UHK) ) ] &3" %: R %F UUK) ) : "# K) <Q) FeO3 SiO F 1 %7 ) [UJ] < "# 1 J 'A C ) " V` " 7 "# N & 0M ) & ) " V` V" [U ] %V &3" [U ] ] " D ul "* 7 <@ 1: 7 * 7 &3" K XD &, e 1 ) 1 1 l% l7 0 %& B 'A <@ 1 N & M ) & 0 : &3" m %V &3" K )*D "# 0 " c F :% N D #= &3" I' A ) D0 E 6 B C `%b %D %&FD ", = 1 90 "# 0"a Y V D " 0~ 9 %#"# ' M) & C : " " 01@ K FD %S3 K K )*D " 7 # N & # 0 D " ~ 0@ 0] "D 7% : R% "# ] "D ] D"D " 7 0 ) " D 0 &3" [UT U ] * K )*D 0 b % II' A ) H I C " # "? 1@ A # %&FD "* "# NC3 `%b x %8 1@ "# " "# 9 1@ " % ; XPL 40X 1 ) 1 1 e e &= 1 r O U Q # K )*D 7K6 = " 7 * = 776

$M 7 %& &C K FD % &3" &) # U I III' A ) D " " 7%) "# c%^a N & "D1" ; 0M ) & 0 "# "a { 9 ur :3 U K) ) 1 "# M 7 0 1 b % " # " " M %4 { 1j : :3 { [ U H] # #% & D ) & &A : 0M 7 : % : E B 1 NC3 &3" )@ "$ N & @ D 0 :, ) U) { "a ur :3 &3" % : : "# M %4 0 % O"D % O"D K )*D " 7 % & 5Ca Mg, Fe) 5 SiO6HO3CO = Ca Mg, Fe)5 Si8O OH) 3CaCO3SiO % : E 7 D 0 UQK) ) #"F 0 E 7% 1 "# Ca3 Fe, Al) Si3O154 OHCO3 =

N & @ D 0 :, ) U) { "a ur :3 &3" % : : "# M %4 0 % O"D % O"D K )*D " 7 % & 5Ca Mg, Fe) 5 SiO6HO3CO = Ca Mg, Fe)5 Si8O OH) 3CaCO3SiO % : E 7 D 0 UQK) ) #"F 0 E 7% 1 "# Ca3 Fe, Al) Si3O154 OHCO3 =

8 M 7 %& &C K FD % &3" &) # U I III' A ) D " " 7%) "# c%^a N & "D1" ; 0M ) & 0 "# "a { 9 ur :3 U K) ) 1 "# M b % " # " " M %4 { 1j : :3 { [ U H] # #% & D ) & &A : 0M 7 : % : E B 1 NC3 &3" )@ " '%C & % "O D M 7 " 7) b % : " M %4 M 7 :3 { [UJ] K4 3 " { "a ur :3 % : E % "O D [UJ] Q) { 3Ca Mg, Fe) 5 Si8O OH) CaAl3Si3O1 OH) 10CO 8HO = 3Al Mg, Fe) 5 Si3O11 OH) 10CaCO3 SiO III &3" % : "& M 7 ) ": N D 0 :, ) U) { "a ur :3 &3" % : : "# M %4 0 % O"D % O"D K )*D " 7 % & 5Ca Mg, Fe) 5 SiO6HO3CO = Ca Mg, Fe)5 Si8O OH) 3CaCO3SiO % : E 7 D 0 UQK) ) #"F 0 E 7% 1 "# Ca3 Fe, Al) Si3O154 OHCO3 = CaCO3Ca FeAlSi3O1 OH) 1 FeO3 "# J 'A I II &3" K )*D <@ 1 $ D u F " D 1 ) M 7 1 : 0 % XD " #K) b " "h "# ) { & 9D % IV' A ) J 1 J 'A <@ N & 0M ) & &3" c%m "a 1 ) &F? &3" K )*D 0 '%C "# P% : 7 u :F K FD 0 9D % & "& K 9 M 7 9D % & "& K )*D UIK) ) # K K FD 786 " 7 K FD " 7 "# 796

U %) 9 v " IV 3 * = UTK) ) 1 #% ur%x [ Q] # : 3 R u :F K )*D : 1@ % K )*D @ #% { 9 ) @ ", ) % v %: N: 1j #% "# D 0 @ :, %& ) 0 % %: R %F *= * %D IQHE H C = 1 * <@ 1 N & 0M ) & K) : 0% " D 0 %S3 * K

9 U %) 9 v " IV 3 * = UTK) ) 1 #% ur%x [ Q] # : 3 R u :F K )*D : 1@ % K #% { 9 ", ) % v %: N: 1j #% "# D :, %& ) 0 % %: R %F *= * %D IQHE H C = 1 * <@ 1 N & 0M ) & K) : 0% " D 0 %S3 * K )*D N0 0,: ) 0 "0 "D VS U K) ) <@ % O"D M N & 0M ) & "D * 7 " 7 ":* "# &3" c%m N & III &3" ) : "# Mg Si Fe 3 0 #"F 0 1 N & 0M ) & Fe Z0 U K) ) A 1 ) " 7 "0 9 01@ 1 90 K )*D T 3R 0@ 1 ) " V` ":* K )*D \ 1% ' X P": [ ] % ) " A 8 N & M ) & "# K3" ; <@ 1 N & 0M ) & %F " 0{ ' u U K) ) fo= UHE Q EUHE I &3" c%m <@ 1 N & 0M ) & 1 " 9 s :3 " D 0 * = % : E 0M ) & 1* H ": ": # "# &3" " D '%C K )*D ", * %D "# : 7 ": # U K) ) Log fo T % * * = %& 0 % "0 1 N & 0M ) & #"F 0 K FD % : K )*D )0@ " " 0~ "7 0 1j v %: 1* 0 ) " D 0 "* 7 9 CaFeSiO6 O = 3 Ca3FeSi3O1 Fe3O4 9 SiO M %4 " { ifm 1j =%D 0 b % ) s I){ #% "# 7:6 Ž 0 0 c XD #"F 0 0 "# : e e &= #' " #"F 0 ) R 1j : #% e 0 * $' 9 7 v ) 01 SX: 9 7 <@ 0M ) & UJK) ) Log fo T % ) % &3" XD &, 0 % ) 01 1 ) "* 7 &3" &4 <@ K )*D # <@ 1

%& &C b " "h <@ 1 0 1 ) 1" 1 E Qtz %& " 7 * # 9 7

10 %& &C b " "h <@ ) 1" 1 E Qtz %& " 7 * # 9 7 7<6 & 1j "a% * Š FD * fot % 1 CaFeSiCO N: [ I] [ ] %& U T #"F 0 %: R EWol S * 7 &3" :, 7;6 1 ) 0 7 ": # 7= 6 ESid :, EMt D 0 E Hm 9D 7 ": # * 7? 6

11 U J [ T] Ca Fe Si C O H N: %) 9 v " XD &, 0 " XCO= HU HH :, 0,: ) " 7 N u :F %= EJ fo F {0 > UH ) fs { 9 3 %D ": 0 D% u :F 0" fo< UHE ) V" fs< UHET) b % v " {0 IHH C :, & 9D % Kk 0 '%C %D 0 " 7 :, ) =%D U K) ) 0 K )*D '%C & 9D % "0 "0 III &3" "# 0 "# C : 1%D %S3 º 0K) ) <IQH C 0 fs~ UHET Kk 7 '%C P": # U H UIK) ) '%C 0 "& "# 0 ", * ) 7 : "? R * v " IV &3" ) &3" "t % ":* : )@ 0 n QHH C " " V D M _ A 1 ) " V` ":* ) =%D b: " : 0 ^ * 8 K )*D %) 9 v " XD %: R E :, 0 '%C %F " p71 ) 7 H CR 0 %: R E #"F 0 "# K3" 0 1 * U K) ) % XCO > HQ H C A e e e &= F Log fo % 7@6 * <IJH C ": '%C & 9D % fo= UHE fo> UHE U <I H C '%C U K) ) % K FD c XD `%b %D 1 N & 0M ) & U EUHE D 0 E :, &E9D % ITH C { 0 '%C ) <ITH C M) & 0 '%C %D `%b %D c XD II &3" ) W" ' ur :3 <@ 1 N & M ) & M 7 # D " 0 "# 0 v " & 9D % %D J] %*@ N & 0 % 7 v " '%C [ :3 >IQH C 0 b % " 7 9D % `%b %D c XD "7 <IQH C V" K )*D ' U H 0K) ) R u :F &3" "# = K )*D D Ca <@ 1 N & " U K) ) % XCO~HU <@ 0 '%C " 7 1 "# M ) & c XD s c XD U K) ) % c X: I D R b % <IQH C 0 fs>uhet) %F c XD c 3 HK) ) % 1 "#

12 %& &C b " "h U [ T] XCO ~ HU I H 7 ": # log fo F log fs " y: % 8K6 [ T] XCO ~ HU IHH 7 ": # log fo F log fs " y: % 876 * "t % & A 1 ) u F " D Y * &3" s 1%D 1@ & )D : " N D : % 7 I 'A 0~ A x%: "# %D `%b ]=% 1@ "# 0" a D c = D " " "# K4 3 "# 9 %#"# : & 0" " K )*D ]F 1 9 ~ &3" 01@ &b %0 x% ) : * K )*D 0 b % 0 ) " D 0 " 7 #) <@ 1 N & M ) & 0 K) ) K )*D 0@ " " *= %F "0 01@ 1 90 K )*D * A 1 ) E Q E T ": # fo= UH EUH IQHE H C 7 D v %: * 1 b % ": # {0 :, E D 0 " " ) 7 p % K : "D 7 fs 7 ET " 7) X K3" fs>uh ) fs fo { 9 1 "# ]F XCO ~ HU IQH C " *7 U K) ) M 7 1@ K 1 "& Kk 7 '%C P": # ur :3 " '%C KV "A4 0% =%D n QHH C "

13 U %) 9 v A 1 ) 0 &3" <IJH C 0 <@ 1 )@ "a 1%,@ H "^ {0 ":* 0ˆ)& 7 ' <@ N & M ) & :, ) 0 * ]F 0@ "& # " 7%) " 7) b % M) & K 7 " 7 % : % O"D M 7) ": N N & K) ) K FD " D 0 9D % & IV ' N & 0M ) & " V D " 7 "# "a "a 1 ) &F? K3" K )*D <@ 1P% : R u :F fo 7 01%,@ & "& K '%C "# 0,: ) : ":* D 0 0 9D % "# 9 " &3" "VR :* % 0@ 0 R '%C R ) ˆ 0M " N [1] Stocklin J, Structural history and tectonics of Iran; A review, American association of petroleum geologist bulletin 51968), [] Davoudzadeh M, Schmit KA, "Review of the Mesozoic paleogeography and paleotectonic XD &, e e e &= 9 7 % 886 II ' A "# 0 { A `%b %D %&FD ;@ "V 01 01@ *: * 1@ ~ H C) t3l K? "F0 M " 0~ : ) { "a D " Fe SiO M ) & 0 t3l K? " %= " 7 #) <@ 1 N & D " 0 " &3" 9 I &3" { 9 0,: ) 0 "b3 C ]F %V n %: R %F ) 0~ " p7`%b * A 1 ) '%C W" H C ": ur "# 0 * $' =%D " K )*D :, E 9D % '%C "F 0 '%C K )*D M" yd 1%D 7%) ") >m D IQH C &3" " 7 E # E Q E T UH D UH 1j x9= * M" yd H C " A III ' A ur :3 # E "# C D {0 %=,: V 7 0<@ 1@ 1 Š%& N & M ) & '%C " 7 "# ]F

14 %& &C [17] Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J, "An Introduction to the RockForming Minerals, second ed", Longman Scientific and Technical, London 199) 696p [18] Meinert LD, "Skarn and skarn deposits", Geoscience Canada 19 4) 199), [19] James AH, "Zoned alteration in limestone at porphyry copper deposits, Ely, Nevada", Economic Geology ) [0] Berman RG, Brown TH, Greenwood HJ, "An internally consistent thermodynamic data base for minerals in the system NaO KO CaO MgO FeO SiO AlO3 FeO3 TiO HO CO", tomic Energy of Canada Technical Report TR ) 6p [1] Perkins EH, Brown TH, Berman RG, "PTXSYSTEM: three programs for calculation of pressure temperature composition phase diagrams", Computers and Geoscience ) [] Einaudi MT, "General features and origin of skarns associated with porphyry copper plutons, Southwestern North America", In: Titley, SR Ed), Advances in the Geology of Porphyry Copper Deposits The University of Arizona Press, Southwestern North America, Tucson198a) [3] Burt DM, "Mineralogy and geochemistry of Ca Fe Si skarn deposits", Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Harvard University197) 56 [4] Burton GC, Taylor LA, 1Ming Chou, "The fo T and fs T stability relation of hedenbergite and of hedenbergitejohansenite solid solutions", Ecou Geol ) [5] Gustafson WI, "he stability of andradite, hedenbergite and related minerals in the system Ca Fe Si O H", Journal of Petrology ) [6] Einaudi MT, "Description of skarns associated with porphyry copper Plutons, southwestern North America", In: Titley, SR Ed), Advances in the Geology of Porphyry Copper Deposits The University of Arizona Press, Southwestern North America, Tucson 198) [7] Slaughter J, Kerrick DM, Wall VJ, "Experimental and thermodynamic study of equilibria in system CaO MgO SiO HO CO", American Journal of Science ) [8] Harris NB, Einaudi MT, "Skarn deposits in Yerington district, Nevada: metasomatic skarn evolution near Ludwig", Economic Geology 77198) b " "h UTH evolution of Iran", In; Geodynamic project geotraverse) in Iran Final report, Geol Sur Iran ) [3] NogoleSadate MAA, "Les zone de decrochemment et les virgation structurales en Iran Consequences des results de analyze strictira; de la region de Qom", Geological Survey of Iran, Report ) M *: " " s F " $ %F [I] UH q UQ ) %* 1 [5] Forster H, "continental drift in iran in relation to the Afar structures, In; Pilger, A & Rosler, A, Afar between continental and oceanic rifting, vol III Stuttgart, [6] Zarasvandi A, "Magmatic and structural controls on localization of the DarreZereshk and AliAbad porphyry copper deposits, Yazd province, Central Iran", PhD thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran004) [7] Wilson M, "Igneous Petrogenesis", A Global Tectonic Approach Chapman and Hall, London 1989) [8] Irvine IC, Baragar WRA, "A guide to chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, ) [9] Rickwood PC, "Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements", Lithos 1989) [10] Maniar PD, Picolli PM, "Tectonic discrimination of granitoid, Geol", Soc of Am, ) [11] Chappell BW, White AJR, "Two contrasting granite types: expanded Abstract", Pacific Geology, ) [1] Titley SR, "Pyrometasomatism an alteration type", Economic Geology ) [13] Guilbert JM, Lowell JD, "Variations in zoning patterns in porphyry copper deposits", Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Bulletin ), [14] Pearce JN, Harris NBW, Tindle AG, "Trace element discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks", J Petrol, ) [15] Vidale R,"Metsomatism in chemical gradient and the formation of calcsilicate bands", American Journal of Science ) [16] Thompson AB, "Calcsilicate diffusion zones between marble and pelitic schist", Journal of Petrology )

PETROLOGY OF A SYSTEM OF GRANOPHYRE DIKES IN THE BEAVER BAY COMPLEX IN BEAVER BAY, MINNESOTA

PETROLOGY OF A SYSTEM OF GRANOPHYRE DIKES IN THE BEAVER BAY COMPLEX IN BEAVER BAY, MINNESOTA MATT ANDRING Whitman College Sponsor: John Winter INTRODUCTION The Beaver Bay Complex is an intrusive igneous