Mr. Montgomery s 7 th and 8 th Grade. Science Summer Packet. Name: Homeroom:

Transcription

1 Mr. Montgomery s 7 th and 8 th Grade Science Summer Packet Name: Homeroom:_

2 Dear Parents/Guardians, As we move towards summer vacation, it is imperative that the students do not forget the skills they have acquired over the past year. We have prepared summer packets to ensure that their Science skills remain strong over the summer so that they will be better prepared for the new school year. This summer packet consists of 8 activities designed for your child to complete 1 activity a week for the course of 8 weeks. We will provide opportunities the first few days of class for students to ask questions. The completed summer packet will be due to your child s Science teacher by Friday, August 18, 2017 and it will be counted as their first quiz grade. Our department has taken the initiative to make changes to the Science curriculum in order to meet the rigorous Science standards. We will be using the Integrated Science textbooks by Holt Science and Technology which will be age-appropriate and engaging so that students can build on their prior knowledge and attain the necessary background to participate. All components and content from the textbook are accessible online and your child will have access to all of this with their personalized student login and password on Google Classroom. We will be assigning homework assignments and practice quizzes through this website. In addition, to ensure that we are off to a great start, please have the following for both 7 th and 8 th Grade Science: One (1) 2 inch binder One (1) Marble-Composition Notebook One (1) packet of 3-holed graphed paper One (1) packet of loose-leaf paper Two (2) highlighters (any color) One (1) pack of Pencils One (1) pack of Markers One (1) pack of Colored pencils One (1) Sharpener One (1) bottle of hand soap One (1) box of tissue One (1) container of Clorox or Lysol wipes

3 Standards of Measurement Every type of measurement in the SI System has a BASE UNIT assigned to it and all other measurements of that type are a variation of that base unit. By adding a prefix to the base unit we change the meaning of the base unit and the size of our measurement. For example in the Imperial System of measurement that we are used to using, the measurements of distance we had to commit to memory the meanings of INCHES, FOOT, YARD, MILES, and LEAGUES. To measure volume, you had to remember the difference between, FUILD OUNCES, CUPS, PINTS, QUARTS, and GALLONS. For measuring mass, you had to know OUNCES, POUNDS, and TONS. However, in the SI System you only have to remember the METER, LITER, and GRAM and what happens to them when you attach one of the standard prefixes to it. (The same prefixes will be used for all measurements; distance, volume, and mass). 1 Mega (M) = 1 million = 1,000,000 1 kilo (k) = 1 thousand = 1,000 1 unit 1 deci (d) = 1 tenth = centi (c) = 1 one-hundredth = milli (m) = 1 one-thousandth = micro (µ) = 1 one-millionth = Activity 1 Circle the larger unit in each pair of units: 1. millimeter or kilometer 4. Centimeter or millimeter 2. decimeter or centimeter 5. Megagram or kilogram 3. gram or decigram 6. Milligram or kilogram

4 Chemical Changes A chemical change occurs when one or more substances change into new substances with new properties. There are several clues that a chemical change has taken place such as bubbling, fizzing, color change, and a change in temperature. Activity 2 Baking soda and Vinegar Materials: Clear container such as drinking glass or cup 1 tbsp of baking soda ½ cup of white vinegar Procedure: *Note: It is best to do this experiment in a sink because the reaction can make quite a mess! 1. Describe the physical properties of each substance BEFORE you mix them together. Physical properties describe how a substance looks (color), its state (solid, liquid, or gas), its texture (smooth or rough), and its smell (or lack thereof). Baking Soda Vinegar 2. Put 1 tbsp of baking soda in the cup. Carefully add ½ cup of vinegar and describe what happens. Analysis: 1. What clues that a chemical change took place did you observe?

5 2. What change in temperature do you notice after the reaction finished? Extension: 1. What other questions or experiments could you investigate using these materials? Activity 3 The Rusty Nail Rust (Fe 2 O 3 ) forms when iron (Fe) reacts with oxygen (O). There are many ways an object can become rusty. Your challenge is to cause the most rust to form on an iron object such as a nail. You will need to list all additional materials that you used and describe the procedure you used to make your nails rusty. Materials: 3 metal nails

6 Describe the procedure you used to make your nails rusty: Analysis 1. What causes the most rust to form on a nail? 2. Where does the rust come from? Gravity Gravity is a force that pulls things down. When you jump, gravity pulls you down. When you throw a ball, gravity eventually causes it to fall to the ground. Gravity is what keeps the moon

7 in orbit around the Earth and the Earth in orbit around the sun. But does gravity pull on all things equally? Activity 4 Gravity Drop Materials: ***Please don t use breakable objects!!! Objects of different sizes and masses such as a piece of paper, a book, a paper clip, a basketball, etc. Procedure: 1. Hold two different items at the same height above the ground (shoulder height works well). 2. Drop both items at the same time and observe which hits the ground first. 3. Experiment with dropping items of different sizes and masses at the same time and observe which objects hit the ground first. 4. Extension: Try dropping the items from different heights. How does the height affect which objects hit the ground first? Analysis: 1. Did all of the objects fall at the same speed? Propose an idea to explain why or why not.

8 Newton s Laws/Inertia Sir Isaac Newton s 3 Laws of Motion apply to any object in motion, including you. They explain how and why things move (or don t move). In this activity, you ll be observing the motion of a ball as it rolls around on a moving object. Activity 5 Inertia Materials: 1 small ball (ex: tennis ball, golf ball, etc.) Car with an adult driver Procedure: ***CAUTION!!! Only perform this experiment under adult supervision. Use common sense and good judgment when following these procedures. 1. Place the ball on the floor of the passenger side or back seat of a stopped car. The ball should be at rest when the car is at rest. DO NOT ALLOW THE BALL TO ROLL ONTO THE FLOOR OF THE DRIVER S SIDE! 2. Observe the motion of the ball as the car moves. Complete the questions below: a. Which way does the ball roll when the car moves forward? _ b. Which way does the ball roll when the car moves backward? _ c. Which way does the ball roll when the car turns right? _ d. Which way does the ball roll when the car turns left? _ e. Which way does the ball roll when the car stops? _

9 Magnetism Magnetism is one of those forces that is easy to overlook and easy to take for granted. In addition to sticking papers to our refrigerators, magnets are responsible for allowing speakers to produce sound and for generating nearly all of the electricity we use every day. In this activity you will be determining what kinds of objects are magnetic and non-magnetic. Activity 6 Magnetic or Not? Materials: 1 refrigerator magnet Procedures: 1. Use the refrigerator magnet to make a list of things that are magnetic (attracted to the magnet) and non-magnetic (not attracted to the magnet). Magnetic Non-magnetic Analysis: 1. What do all of the materials that were magnetic have in common?

10 2. What do all of the materials that were non-magnetic have in common? An experiment that has 2 set-ups: Identifying Controls and Variables 1) Experimental Group (Only ONE independent variable is changed) 2) Control Group (No variables are changed) Control (Control groups) ü A test group that does not have any variables changed (Kept at normal conditions) ü Why have a Control Group? a. It is used as a standard for comparison with experimental group b. To see what would happen naturally VARIABLE: Any factor that could change in the experiment ALL VARIABLES MUST BE DESECRIBED WITH AT LEAST TWO WORDS!!!!! Independent Variable (IV)

11 ü Variable that causes the change ü The variable that is manipulated by the scientist ü What is being tested ü Found on the x-axis of a graph Also Known As Manipulated Variable Dependent Variable (DV) ü The effect of the independent variable ü The variable that is being observed and measured ü The data that is collected (results) ü Found on the y-axis of graph Also Known As Responding Variable Variables Held Constant (VHC) ü Factors that are not changed in the experiment (stay the same) ü Allows only one variable to be tested ü Should NOT BE the independent or dependent variable Activity 7 Answer the Following Questions Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He 1. two groups of 50 workers each and assigns 2. each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is 3. the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an 4. Smithers counts how many stacks of conclusion papers each group has made. Group A made Identify the: Control Group creates Independent Variable Dependent Variable given What should Smithers' hour, be? 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. 5. How could this experiment be improved?

12 Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower. 6. What was the initial observation? 7. Control Group 8. Independent Variable 9. Dependent Variable 10. What should Homer's conclusion be? Lab Safety Activity 8 List as many PROPER and IMPROPER lab procedures as you can in this picture

13 PROPER Lab Procedures IMPROPER Lab Procedures