Length is the distance from one point to another. Length has standard units of measurement such as inches or centimeters.
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1 Page 1 Measurements are a standard set by different cultures to address their own needs. In the United States, we use the U. S. Customary system of units. However, the metric system is used worldwide. We will also use the metric system in our science classes. Without being exact in our conversion of units, we can make ballpark or approximate comparisons between the two systems of measurement. Length Length is the distance from one point to another. Length has standard units of measurement such as inches or centimeters. almost equal 1 inch 2.5 cm 1 foot (12 inches) just about equal to 30 centimeters (cm) 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard inches = 1 meter 1 yard (36 inches) is 3.37 inches smaller than 1 meter (100 cm and in) 1 mile (1760 yards) 1 kilometer (1000 meters) 1 mile is slightly farther than 1.5 km 1 mile is slightly less than 1 km 2 1. Which is larger? 1 foot (ft.) or 50 centimeters (cm)? 2. Which is larger? 3 miles (mi.) or 5 kilometers (km)? 3. Which is larger? 2 yards (yds.) or 2 meters (m)?
2 Page 2 Mass and Weight Mass is the amount of matter that an object contains. Mass is different from weight. Weight is determined by the pull of gravity on the mass of an object. The mass of an object remains the same no matter where that object is located, but the weight of an object can change depending on the gravitational pull at its location. In the Earth s system, weight decreases as we move away from the Earth. As a result, we would weigh much less on the moon. If we weighed about 75 pounds on Earth, we would weigh about 12 pounds on the moon. Think! Would our mass change? Weight is the pull of gravity on the mass of an object. Weight and mass are totally different measures. Weight and mass are not the same! Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight will change depending on gravity and location. Mass is the same no matter where we are. Location does not change mass. 1 ounce (oz) just about equal to 28 grams 2 pounds is a little smaller than 1 kg 1 nickel has a mass of about 5 grams 2000 lbs. = 1 ton is a little more than 900 kg 1. Which is larger? 100 pounds (lbs.) or 60 kilograms (kg.)? 2. Which is larger? 1 ounce (oz.) or 3 nickels? 3. Why would it be better to ask, What is its mass? rather than How much does it weigh?
3 Page 3 Liquid Volume When we measure liquid volume, we are determining the amount of space a liquid takes up and then expressing that amount in standard units. Measurements of liquid volume are expressed in either U.S. Customary units or metric system units. U.S Customary units include cups (c.), pints (pt), quarts (qt), and gallons (gal.). Some examples of these amounts are: 1 cup We might pour 1 cup of milk on our cereal at breakfast. 1 pint A pint of ice cream serves about 2-3 people. 1 quart A car needs to have a quart of oil added every few months. 1 gallon We usually buy milk in plastic gallon containers. Gasoline is sold by the gallon. The metric system units include milliliters (ml) and liters (L). 1 milliliter This is a very small amount of liquid that would fit into a centimeter cube. It is used to measure small amounts as well as larger amounts. Liquid medications, like children s medications and cough syrups, might be measured in milliliters. 1 liter Soda is often sold in 1 liter and 2 liter bottles. In some places, gasoline is sold by the liter. 1 quart (qt.) is slightly more than 1 liter (l) 1. Which is larger? 2 quarts (qt.) or 2 liters (l)?
4 Page 4 Temperature Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. In U.S. Customary units, we measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit ( F). In the metric system we measure temperature in degrees Celsius ( C). In the United States, when we hear the weather will be around 70, we are hearing the temperature in terms of degrees Fahrenheit. 32 F water freezes 0 C 212 F water boils 100 C 98 F approximate body temperature 37 C 70 F approximate room temperature 20 C 1. Which is warmer? 100 F or 45 C? 2. Which is colder? 50 F or 25 C?
5 Page 5 Using a specific unit Length ~ linear units ~ inches, feet, yards, miles, centimeters, meters, kilometers When we measure area, we must remember to square 2 the units. When we measure volume, we must remember to cube 3 the units Liquid volume ~ cups, quarts, gallons, milliliters, liters When we measure liquids, we must remember to cube 3 the units. Important: If we re not sure whether to use U.S. Customary units or Metric units, keep this general rule in mind: If outside the United States or recording scientific data, use metric units. Accuracy We have been focusing on using ballpark comparisons in this lesson, but sometimes accurate records are required. This depends on the situation. We need to know how accurate we need to be so we need to get clear instructions and/or ask questions. The same idea applies to overestimating and underestimating. It, too, depends on the situation. For example, we need to overestimate the volume of soft drinks needed for the number of people coming to a school graduation. No one wants to be thirsty at a celebration like that! Approximate a measure for the following: feet (ft.) = centimeters (cm) 2. miles (mi.) = 50 kilometers (km) 3. pounds (lb.)= 10 kilograms (kg) 4. 5 ounces (oz.) = grams (g) 5. F = 5 C F = C
1 centimeter (cm) 5 10 millimeters (mm) 1 meter (m) centimeters. 1 kilometer (km) 5 1,000 meters. Set up equivalent ratios and cross multiply.
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