Radiological safety studies for the TeraFERMI beamline at
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1 Radiological safety studies for the TeraFERMI beamline at K.Casarin 1, L. Fröhlich 2, G.Tromba 1, A.Vascotto 1 1 Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy 2 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 1
2 Outline FERMI overview FERMI accelerator layout The project idea for the TeraFERMI beamline Radiation protection issues for the TeraFERMI beamline FLUKA simulation Experimental benchmark Conclusions RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 2
3 FERMI overview ELETTRA FERMI Linac tunnel about 200 m Undulator Hall about 100 m Experimental Hall about 60 m FERMI is a seeded free-electron laser driven by a 1.5 GeV electron linac, producing photons in the ultraviolet and soft X-rays wavelength region. RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 3
4 FERMI accelerator layout permanent magnets FEL1 FEL2 (MBD) Linac Repetition rate: up to 50 Hz Charge: up to 1000 pc Working energy: 1.5 GeV (max. authorized energy: 2.0 GeV) Undulator Hall Two complementary undulator lines based on APPLE-II undulators Both FELs seeded by an UV laser FEL-1 covers the spectral range from ~100 nm down to 20 nm, FEL-2 the spectral range from 20 nm to about 4 nm RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 4
5 FERMI Experimental Hall Undulator Hall Safety hutch Elastic Inelastic Scattering Diffraction Projection Imaging Undulator Hall roof: concrete, 250 cm thick hutch roof: concrete, 60 cm thick 60 Low Density Matter Undulator Hall FEL-1 Safety hutch 60 e - FEL Main Beam Dump (MBD) 370 all measures are expressed in cm RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 5
6 The TeraFERMI project idea Exploiting the properties of the FERMI electron beam, operated with a charge of about 1 nc and a temporal length from 50 fs to 1000 fs, to produce coherent THz pulses from 0.3 to 15 THz, with a temporal structure of the order of the fs. The Thz source chamber will be installed in the MBD zone to work in a parasitic way with respect to the FEL beamlines. MBD Ref. A. Perucchi, S. Di Mitri, G. Penco, E. Allaria, S. Lupi, "The TeraFERMI terahertz source at the seeded FERMI freeelectron-laser facility, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 2013, doi: / RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 6
7 Radiological safety issues Need of large diameter vacuum chamber for the THz radiation transport. Large diameter holes to be dug across the shielding walls for the installation of the beamline vacuum chambers Possible channeling of radiation produced by beam losses occurring in the Undulator Hall. Undulator Hall THz MBD RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 7
8 TeraFERMI layout - Lateral view F = focusing elements P = plane mirrors F1 P1 40 cm F2 F3 Undulator Hall Ø 25 cm P2 F4 TeraFERMI beamline Safety Hutch F5 P3 Ø 25 cm F6 P4 concrete blocks (base: 100x50 cm 2, height: 100 cm) concrete shielding (20 cm lateral and top, 40 cm forward) TeraFERMI source chamber RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 8
9 Rearrangement of the MBD zone Old layout New layout B1 B2 FEL1 B1 B2 FEL1 B3 FEL2 B3 FEL2 BPM_MBD.01 Q_MBD.02 Q_MBD.03 CHV_MBD.01 B4 Q_MBD.04 CM_MBD.01 MSCR_MBD.01 CHV_MBD.01 BPM_MBD.01 Q_MBD.02 Q_MBD.03 CM_MBD.01 MSCR_MBD.01 TeraFERMI chamber TeraFERMI concrete block (base: 100x50 cm 2 height: 100 cm) concrete shielding (40 cm laterally and forward) RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 9
10 FLUKA simulation Modeling of MBD zone layout, using FLUKA Monte Carlo code: - Undulator Hall and hutch walls - electron beam transfer-line towards the Main Beam Dump - Main Beam Dump structure - holes through the shielding walls - TeraFERMI target - local shieldings foreseen for TeraFERMI beamline. Energy threshold cut-off set at 100 kev for electrons and 10 kev for photons. Main beam dump model RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 10
11 Geometry top view: electron beam axis FEL1 FEL2 Undulator Hall B1 B2 B3 FEL1-2 local shielding Safety hutch lead shielding MBD holes in shielding for FEL vacuum chambers (6.8 cm diameter) Chamber of B1 bending magnet Chamber of B2 bending magnet Chamber of B3 bending magnet RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 11
12 Geometry top view: TeraFERMI hole axis Undulator Hall holes in shielding for TeraFERMI vacuum chambers (25 cm diameter) Safety hutch shielding for TeraFERMI beamline RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 12
13 Simulation results: normal operation Electron beam axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-10;+10]cm in y) TeraFERMI hole axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-110;-90]cm in y) RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 13
14 Photon and neutron components Electron beam axis - PHOTONS Electron beam axis - NEUTRONS TeraFERMI hole axis - PHOTONS TeraFERMI hole axis - NEUTRONS RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 14
15 Beam loss control in the MBD zone current monitors Undulator Hall current monitors permanent magnets Exp. Hall FEL1 FEL2 During operation with the FEL beam, the PSS continuously checks: - the energy matching between the spreader and the MBD bending magnets - the matching of the current monitor measurements along the FEL line that is in operation. The Experimental Hall radiation monitors intervene automatically if anomalous levels of radiation are detected. Further beam loss monitoring systems have been developed for machine protection purposes. RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 15
16 Beam loss scenario #1 (FEL1 in operation) Electron beam axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-10;+10]cm in y) TeraFERMI hole axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-110;-90]cm in y) RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 16
17 Dose rate beyond hutch wall (#1) y axis: -100 TeraFERMI hole axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside hutch wall (averaged over 2cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-110;-90] cm in y) TeraFERMI hole RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 17
18 Beam loss scenario #2 (FEL2 in operation) Electron beam axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-10;+10]cm in y) TeraFERMI hole axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside UH wall (averaged over 10cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-110;-90]cm in y) RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 18
19 Dose rate beyond the hutch wall (#2) y axis: -100 TeraFERMI hole axis (2 GeV, 1000 pc, 50 Hz) Photon/neutron dose rate distribution outside hutch wall (averaged over 2cm in x, 20cm in z and over [-110;-90]cm in y) TeraFERMI hole RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 19
20 Experimental benchmark (old MBD layout) PTW32002 ionization chamber (+ Keithley 6517 electrometer) A-D: Ionization chamber positions A: DNeutron detector position Accelerator working parameter: GeV, 10 Hz ABC1260 bubble detector 10 cm³ SDD-100 vial (calibrated with AmBe) Ref. L. Fröhlich, K. Casarin, A. Vascotto, "Simulation and measurement of the radiation field of the 1.4-GeV electron beam dump of the FERMI free-electron laser", Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry (2014), doi: 1093/rpd/ncu138. RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 20
21 Photon radiation benchmark results - Modeling of ionization chamber - Scoring of deposited energy in the enclosed air region calculation of the released charge/primary - Scaling of results to bunch charge - Use of biasing to improve statistics outer wall, polyoxymethylene, 27 cm inner diameter, 0.3 cm thick central sphere: polystyrene, 10 cm diameter enclosed air RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 21
22 Neutron radiation benchmark results - One position analyzed ( A ) - No modeling of detector in simulation - Scoring of H*(10) in detector position (detector calibration with AmBe) - Scaling of results to bunch charge Neutron spectrum: less than 1.7% neutrons with E > 10 MeV RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 22
23 Future plans and conclusions In the January 2015 shutdown the TeraFERMI source chamber has been installed in the Undulator Hall. The MBD layout has been modified accordingly. Future plans for the TeraFERMI project - July 2015: hole drillings in shielding walls and beamline installation. - Autumn 2015: start of the TeraFERMI beamline commissioning. - First THz photons are awaited within the end of Conclusions - The radiological issues tied to the TeraFERMI project have been evaluated using FLUKA Monte Carlo code. Different beam loss scenarios have been simulated and analyzed: no significant increase in radiological hazard is expected from the beamline installation. - In the radiological risk management, it was important to be involved in the beamline project from the first phases, to find the best compromise between the project needs and the radiation protection constrains. RADSYNCH2015, June 3-5, 2015, Page 23
24 Thanks for your attention. Questions?
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