Status of High Gradient Tests of Normal Conducting Single-Cell Structures
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1 Status of High Gradient Tests of Normal Conducting Single-Cell Structures Valery Dolgashev, Sami Tantawi (SLAC) Yasuo Higashi (KEK) Robert Siemann Symposium and ICFA Mini-Workshop, July 7th - 10th, 2009 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2 This work is made possible by the efforts of SLAC s A. Yeremian, J. Lewandowski of Accelerator Technology Research E. Jongewaard, C. Pearson, J. Eichner, D. Martin, C. Yoneda, L. Laurent, R. Talley, J. Zelinski and staff of Klystron Lab. Z. Li, Advanced Computation In collaboration with : B. Spataro, INFN, Frascati
3 Outline Introduction Strategy Results
4 Single Cell Accelerator Structures Goals Study rf breakdown in practical accelerating structures: dependence on circuit parameters, materials, cell shapes and surface processing techniques Difficulties Full scale structures are long, complex, and expensive Solution Single cell Traveling wave (TW) and single cell standing wave (SW) structures with properties close to that of full scale structures Reusable couplers We want to predict breakdown behavior for practical structures
5 Reusable coupler: TM 01 Mode Launcher Pearson s RF flange Cutaway view of the mode launcher Two mode launchers Surface electric fields in the mode launcher E max = 49 MV/m for 100 MW S. Tantawi, C. Nantista
6 Yasuo Higashi, KEK
7 3C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-KEK#2 installed in the lead box, 15 November 2007
8 High Power Tests of Single Cell Standing Wave Structures Tested Low shunt impedance, a/lambda = 0.215, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu, 5 tested Low shunt impedance, TiN coated, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-TiN, 1 tested Three high gradient cells, low shunt impedance, 3C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu, 2 tested High shunt impedance, elliptical iris, a/lambda = 0.143, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-Cu, 1 tested High shunt impedance, round iris, a/lambda = 0.143, 1C-SW-A3.75-T1.66-Cu, 1 tested Choke with 1mm gap in high gradient cell, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Choke-Cu, 2 tested Low shunt impedance, made of CuZr, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuZr, 1 tested Low shunt impedance, made of CuCr, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuCr, 1 tested Highest shunt impedance copper structure 1C-SW-A2.75-T2.0-Cu-SLAC-#1, 1 tested Photonic-Band Gap, low shunt impedance, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-PBG-Cu, 1 tested Low shunt impedance, made of hard copper 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC#1, 1 tested Low shunt impedance, made of molybdenum 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Mo-Frascati-#1,, 1 tested High shunt impedance, choke with 4mm gap, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, 1 tested Low shunt impedance, made of CuAg, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1, 1 tested Now 21 th test about to start, low temperature brazed, high shunt impedance hard CuAg structure 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-CuAg-KEK-#1
9 Next experiments, as for 8th July 2009 Reproducibility tests: High shunt impedance, elliptical iris, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-Cu High shunt impedance, round iris, 1C-SW-A3.75-T1.66-Cu Low shunt impedance, made of CuZr, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuZr Three high gradient cells, low shunt impedance, 3C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu Geometry tests: Three cells, WR90 1mm gap choke coupling to power source, 3C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-WR90 One cell one-side WR90 coupled 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-OneWR90-Cu 3-cell symmetrically WR90 coupled 2C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-TwoWR90-Cu Materials: High shunt impedance, made of CuZr, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-CuZr High shunt impedance, made of CuAg, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-CuAg High shunt impedance, made of hard CuAg, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-Low-Temp-Brazed-CuAg
10 Parameters of periodic structures, Eacc=100 MV/m Name A2.75- T2.0-Cu A3.75- T1.66-Cu A3.75- T2.6-Cu A3.75-T2.6- Ch-4mm-Cu A5.65-T4.6- Choke-Cu A5.65- T4.6-PBG- Cu A5.65- T4.6-Cu T53VG3 Stored Energy [J] Q-value [x1000] Shunt Impedance [MOhm/m] Max. Mag. Field [A/m] 2.90E E E E E E E E+05 Max. Electric Field [MV/m] Losses in one cell [MW] a [mm] a/lambda Hmax*Z0/Eacc t [mm] Iris ellipticity Ph. advance/cell [deg.] V.A. Dolgashev, 12 May 2009
11 Results 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC#1 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Mo-Frascati-#1 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1
12 Copper alloys Clamped structure, hard copper, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC-#1
13 Mechanical design: David Martin
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20 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC-#1 V.A. Dolgashev 11 March 2009
21 Comparison of peak pulse heating for two 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Cu structures and 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, shaped pulse, flat part 150 ns V.A. Dolgashev 11 March 2009
22 Comparison of peak pulse heating for three 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Cu structures and 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu V.A. Dolgashev 11 March 2009
23 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
24 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
25 Damaged patches
26 D1a2_BIRB_5X, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
27 D1b_BIRB_12X, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
28 D4c_BIRB_IM3C, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
29 D4d_BIRB_IM3D, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
30 D4e_BIRB_IM3E, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
31 Erosion of joint between pressed cell
32 G7f1_OAA_IM7, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
33 G7f2_OAA_IM8, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
34 G7g_OAA_IM6b, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
35 G8r_OAA_IM22,, 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu, Lisa Laurent
36 Geometry test 4mm choke structure 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1
37 Before: Choke with 1mm gap 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-Choke
38 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-Choke 10 MW input Maximum magnetic field ka/m (SLANS ka/m) Maximum electric field 289 MV/m ( (SLANS MV/m ) Resonance at GHz β = (SLANS GHz) (SLANS 1.045) Over-coupled loaded Q Unloaded Q=7,933 (SLANS 7,933.5) = ( ) = V.A. Dolgashev, 25 September 2007
39 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1
40 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1
41 Choke vs. no Choke 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-KEK-#2 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1
42 Next choke structure: 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-Cu-4mm-Choke, 10 MW losses Maximum magnetic field 604 ka/m (SLANS ka/m) Maximum electric field 347 MV/m (SLANS MV/m ) Resonance at GHz β = (SLANS GHz) (SLANS ) Under-coupled loaded Q Unloaded Q=8,605 (SLANS 8,668) = ( ) = V.A. Dolgashev, 18 September 2008
43 Parameters of periodic structures, Eacc=100 MV/m Name A2.75- T2.0-Cu A3.75- T1.66-Cu A3.75- T2.6-Cu A3.75-T2.6- Ch-4mm-Cu A5.65-T4.6- Choke-Cu A5.65- T4.6-PBG- Cu A5.65- T4.6-Cu T53VG3 Stored Energy [J] Q-value [x1000] Shunt Impedance [MOhm/m] Max. Mag. Field [A/m] 2.90E E E E E E E E+05 Max. Electric Field [MV/m] Losses in one cell [MW] a [mm] a/lambda Hmax*Z0/Eacc t [mm] Iris ellipticity Ph. advance/cell [deg.] V.A. Dolgashev, 12 May 2009
44 Gradient comparison between 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-Cu-SLAC-#1 and 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1 conditioning V.A. Dolgashev, 20 May 2009
45 Comparison of A3.75 structure without choke and with 4mm choke V.A. Dolgashev, 20 May 2009
46 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
47 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
48 B4_BT_9X, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
49 C3_LT_IMG2, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
50 C6_LT_IMG5, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
51 C6b_LT_IMG5B, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
52 D4_BT_IMG3, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
53 D4b_BT_IMG3B, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
54 D4c_BT_IMG3C, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
55 D5_BT_IMG4, 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-4mm-Ch-Cu-SLAC-#1, Lisa Laurent
56 New materials Molybdenum structure 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Mo-Frascati-#1
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58 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Mo-Frascati-#1 V.A. Dolgashev 4 May 2009
59 Comparison of peak pulse heating for two copper and one molybdenum 1C-SW- A5.65-T4.6-Cu structures, shaped pulse, flat part 150 ns V.A. Dolgashev 4 May 2009
60 Copper alloys Soft CuAg structure, 1C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1, Disclaimer: This is working data, it is not final in any way
61 150 ns flat Study of breakdown rate transients, 150 ns flat the data will be corrected later using beadpull results V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
62 A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1 flat pulse the data will be corrected later using beadpull results V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
63 Comparison of A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1, 150ns flat pulse with other A5.65-T4.6 structures the data will be corrected later using beadpull results V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
64 Comparison of A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1, with A5.65-T4.6 structures made of CuCr and CuZr the data will be corrected later using beadpull results V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
65 Ratio of All breakdowns to first breakdowns for A5.65-T4.6-CuAg-SLAC-#1, the data will be corrected later using beadpull results V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
66 Correlated breakdowns
67 Ratio of All breakdowns to first breakdowns for 1-C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC #1 1-C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Cu-Frascati-#2 V.A. Dolgashev, 1 July 2009
68 Ratio of All breakdowns to first breakdowns for 1-C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-Clamped-Cu-SLAC #1 1-C-SW-A5.65-T4.6-PBG-Cu-SLAC-#1 V.A. Dolgashev, 8 July 2009
69 Travelling Wave parallel coupled structure
70 Summary We have a test setup with short turn-around time that produces useful data. The stand started working January 2007 and now 20th structure is installed, low temperature brazed, high shunt impedance hard CuAg structure 1C-SW-A3.75-T2.6-CuAg-KEK-#1
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