(Orobanche aegyptiaca)
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1 (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Orobanche aegyptiaca) Study of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars tolerance to Orobanche aegyptiaca - - ( : : ) ) ( / / Corresponding author: fmaighany@yahool.com
2 ... : / /... : Abstract The objective of this study was the study of tomato varieties tolerance to Orobanch aegyptica. Seeds of 26 tomato varieties: cal-g, super-b, rio-s, super-y, super-h, shef, CH, earur-vf, supst-b, CH-falat, y-falat, SDR13128, falat111, hyb1509, primoear, calgn3, erur-111, FDT202, FDT101, primo, petoerch, kingst, viva-100, primax, petorak, primato, together broomrape seeds were sown in pots in a controlled-environment greenhouse. The characteristics of tomato cultivars was evaluated after broomrape emergence and before fruit ripenning. The following characteristics were evaluated in tomato weekly: stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf number, stem height, and stem diameter. The following characteristics were evaluated in broomrape: stem dry weight, root dry weight, stem number. In general, it was found that the most tolerant cultivar was Petorak with 6.94 % root weight, 28.61% stem weight, and the most sensitive cultivar was Primoearly with 79.64% root weight and 99.37% stem weight reduction. It is notable that broomrape showed minimum shoot number and shoot dry weight as grown together Petorak cultivar. Key words: tomato, Orobanche aegyptiaca, parasitic weed control..(eizenberg et al., 2005)..(Shimi & Benedictus, 1994)
3 :.(Baker et al., 1996) (Cuscuta spp.)..(ramiah, 1987).(Links et al., 2006).(Goldwasser et al., 1995)..(Verleij & Kuper, 2000)....(Goldwasser et al., 1997). - : tubercle
4 ... :.....(Dor et al., 2006).(Parker & Riches, 1998) (QRT-10).(Dor et al., 2006) M-82. O. crenata.(parker & Riches, 1998) O. ramosa O. cernua. ( ).(Garcia-Torres et al., 1995) (Caspicum annum) - Screening
5 :..(Baker et al., 1996). Shimi & Benedictus (1994)... (Super-b) (Shef) - (Cal-g) -. - (Super-h) - (Super-y) - (Rio-s) (Supst-b) - (Earurbana-vf) - (CH ) (Y-falat) - (CH-falat) (Hyb1509) (Erur-111) - - (Primo) - - (Viva-100) (Falat111) (Calgn3) - (FDT101) (Kingst) -.(Primato) - (Petorak) (SDR1312) (Primoearly) (FDT202) - (PetoerCH) (Primax)... ). : : :. (
6 ... :... :. / /). (.. : SAS Ver SPSS Ver Cluster analysis - Between-groups linkage - Squared Euclidean distance
7 :. : ( ( ). ( / ) ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) -. - / / / / / / / /. / / ( ). / / / / / /. / : (. ( ) ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) - ( / ) - ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
8 ... : ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ) / / /.. : (. ( ). ( / ) - ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ). / / / / / / -. / /. ( / ).(Emiroglu et al., 1987). O. cernua.
9 :.(Castegon-Munoz et al., 1993) (Eizenberg et al., 2007) Thalouran et al. (2006).(Dor et al., 2006). Sauerborn (1991) O. crenata. (Nicotiana tabacum) O. crenata..(goldwasser et al., 1997). (Cicer arietinum).(erimoglu et al., 1987)...(Ramiah, 1987) : ( ( ).( / ) ( / ). - ( / ) - ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / )
10 ... : : (. - ( ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) - ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ). ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) ( / ) - ( / ) ( / ).. ( / ) ( / )...(Emiroglu et al., 1987) sink
11 : - Table 1- Mean comparison in the decrease% root dry weight, shoot, height, leaf number and shoot diameter in tomato cultivars together broomrape Shoot diameter Leaf number Height Shoot dry weight Root dry weigh t Tomato cultivar d e ab f f e fg ef ef d 10.6 fg ab 7.02 h c cd c e c 24.6 bc fg 7.24 h bc 29.1 a ef 5.92 hi b 24.5 g bc a 19.7 hi ef de c h a c ab c g 26.6 fg a 40.5 b de d 31.4 e de hi f a h h d f d c c de e b c ab c b a cd 42.3 e ab b b a j i ij i j h 6.98 k g c e cd d g e ab h d cd d 81.8 cd de 74.25ef a ab ab e ef ab c cd ab ef i e bc cd c e i g g g g c ef 61 bc gh h a c 47.7 c cd c 8.96 j h ij 7.58 jk 69.1 b 6.94 k 54 bc Cal-g Super-b Rio-s Super-y Super-h Shef CH Earur-vf Supst-b CH-falat Y-falat SDR1312 Falat111 Hyb1509 Primoear Calgn3 Erur-111 FDT202 FDT101 Primo PetoerCH Kingst Viva-100 Primax Petorak Primato Means with the same letter in each column are not significantly different at probability level of 5% using DMRT
12 ... : : (. ( ).... : (. ( )..... : (. ( )
13 : (Eizenberg & Colquhon, 2003) O. cernua.. (+).(Jacobsohn, 1989). "".. ""..
14 ... :. "" "" ( ) :
15 : - Table 2- Mean comparison of root and shoot dry weight, and shoot number of broomrape Shoot number Shoot dry weight Root dry weight Tomato cultivar 2.5 h 0.38 i 0.64 h Cal-g 5.17 de 0.86 f 1.37 d Super-b 7.83 a 0.71 fg 0.92 fg Rio-s 4.5 ef 1.18 de 0.97 f Super-y 5.33 de 0.71 fg 1.12 de Super-h 3.17 fg 0.73 f 1.19 de Shef 2.17 hi 0.14 k 0.53 hi CH 7 ab 1.33 d 1.09 e Earur-vf 5.67 d 0.69 g 1.02 ef Supst-b 5.33 de 0.31 i 0.69 h CH-falat 5 e 0.67 g 0.99 f Y-falat 3.67 fg 0.53 gh 0.83 g SDR ef 0.75 f 0.75 gh Falat f 0.55 gh 0.83 g Hyb a 2.18 b 3.06 a Primoear 3.67 fg 0.19 j 0.52 hi Calgn cd 0.55 gh 1.13 de Erur fg 0.16 jk 0.53 hi FDT h 1.49 cd 2.42 b FDT i 1.56 c 1.08 e Primo 3 g 0.55 gh 1.26 de PetoerCH 4.33 f 3.16 ab 2.19 bc Kingst 3.83 fg 0.83 f 0.60 h Viva d 0.23 ij 0.42 i Primax 1.33 ij 0.09 kl 0.06 j Petorak 6.17 cd 3.56 a 3.44 a Primato Means with the same letter in each column are not significantly different at probability level of 5% using DMRT
16 ... : - Fig. 1- Dendrogram of cluster analysis based on studied characteristics in tomato using between-groups linkage
17 :.. BARKER, E. R., M. C. PRESS, J. D. SCHOLES and W. P. QUICK, Interactions between the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche aegyptiaca. New phytologist, 133 (4): 637- CASTEGON-MUNOZ M., F. ROMERO-MUNOZ and L. GARCIA-TORRES, Effect of planting date on broomrap (Orobanche cernua Loeft.) infections in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) weed Res., 33: DOR, E., B. ALPERIN, Y. KAPULNIK, S. VININGER and J. HERSHENHORN, The resistance mechanism of mutagenised tomato line resistant to Orobanche spp. Workshop Parasite Plant Management in Sustainable Agriculture, Final Meeting of Cost849, November, ITQ13 Deiras-Lisbon, Portugal: Perez-de-Luque A., EIZENBERG, H. and J. B. COLQUHOUN, Variation in Clover response to small broomrape (Orobnche minor). Weed Sci., 51, EIZENBERG, H., J. B. COLQUHOUN and C. MALLORY-SMITH, A predictive degree-days model for small broomrape (Orobanche minor) parasitism in red clover Oregon. Weed Sci., 53, EIZENBERG, H., T. LANDE, G. ACHDARI, A. ROICHMAN and J. HERSHENHORN, Effect of Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) seed-burial depth on parasitism dynamics and chemical control in tomato. Weed Sci., 55, EMIROGLU, U., Y. NEMLI and R. KUCUKOZDEN, The resistance of Aegean :.
18 ... : tobacco lines and cultivars to broomrape (Orobanche ramose L.) and the effect of that parasite on yield and quality. Parasitic Flowering Plants (Proceedings of the 4 th ISPFP, Marburg, GARCIA-TORRES, L., M. CASTEJON- MUNOZ, F. LOPEZ-GRANADOS and M. JURADO-EXPOSITO, Imazapyr applied post emergence in sunflower (Helianthus annus) for Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) control. Weed Tech., 9: GOLDWASSER, V., KLEIFELD, Y., RUBIN, B Variation of vetch (Vicia sp.) response to Orobnche aegyptiaca. Weed Sci., 45, GOLDWASSER, Y., Y. KLEIFELD, S. GOLAN, A. BARGUTTI and B. RUBIN, Dissipation of methan sodium from soil and its effect on the control of Orobanche aegyptica. Weed Research, 35, JACOBSOHN, R Orobanche. IN: Helevy, H. A. (ed.) Handbook of flowering plant, vol. 6. CRC press, Florida, pp paper 109, PP LINKS, R. D., J. B. COLQUHOUN and C. A. MALLORY-SMITH, Investigation of wheat as a trap for control of Orobanche minor. Weed Res., 46, PARKER, C. and C. R. RICHES, Parasitic Weeds of The World. Translated by Shimi, P. and Mousavi, M. R. Berahmand Press. RAMIAH, K. V Control of Striga and Orobanche species. In H. Chr. Weber and W. Forstreuter (ed.). Parasitic Flowering Plants. RUBLALES, D., C. A. ALCANTARA, G. J. PEREZ-DE-LUQUE, C. SILLERO, Infection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as influenced by sowing date and weather conditions. Agronomie, 23, SAUERBORN, J The economic importance of the phytoparasites Orobanche and Striga. In: proceedings, 5 th international symposium in parasitic weeds, pp SHIMI, P. and P. BENEDICTUS, Study of tomato cultivars to Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca). Seed and Plant, 1 (9), THALOUARN, P., P. LABROUSSE and A. BERVILLE, The resistance mechanism of mutagenised tomato line resistant to Orobanche spp. Workshop Parasite Plant Management in Sustainable Agriculture, Final Meeting of Cost 849, November, ITQ13 Deiras-Lisbon, Portugal: Perez-de-Luque A., VERLEIJ, J. A. C. and E. KUPER Various approaches to controlling root parasitic
19 : weeds. biotechnology and development monitor. no. 41. p Address of the authors: Dr. F. MEIGHANI and Dr. M. MINBASHI, Weed Research Department, Iranian Research Institue of Plant Protection, P. O. Box 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran; Eng. M. YAZDANI, Roodehen Azad University, Roodehen, Iran.
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